Design Technology Mock Exam

Question Paper

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 Question 1
Which of the following usually relies on collecting anthropometric data relevant to the 5th
percentile only?
A Reach
B Clearance
C Adjustability
D Range of sizes

Question 2
Which of the following are design objectives for green products?
A People, planet, profit
B Reuse, recycle, repair
C Materials, energy, pollution
D Production, distribution, utilization

Question 3
Photochromic materials change in response to what stimulus?
A Heat
B Light
C Electric current
D Pressure

Question 4
Which of the following is a biomechanical consideration?
A Torque
B Alertness
C Static data
D Adjustability
 Question 5
The Volkswagen (VW) Beetle is considered a design classic. In the 1999 car of the
centurycompetition it came fourth (after the Ford Model T, Mini and Citroen DS).
Since the production of the first car in 1941 the car has changed very little in
appearance,see Figure 10. Initially the bodywork was made of steel, but more recently this
has changedto a range of materials such as alloys, composites and plastics.

Other materials that make up the VW Beetle have also changed. For example,
thewindscreen (windshield) is made of laminated glass whereas it was originally made
oftoughened glass.
One way that a product may be considered as a design classic is by the length of
thematurity phase in the product life cycle.
1. List two disadvantages of using steel for the body of cars. [2]

2. Explain why the Volkswagen (VW) Beetle uses laminated glass for its windscreen. [3]

3. Explain two ways that Volkswagen (VW) can extend the maturity phase of the productlife [6]
cycle.
4. Explain how mass production, dominant design and cultural status have made theVW [9]
Beetle a classic design.

Question 6
What type of batteries are used in cell/mobile phones?
A Hydrogen fuel cells
B NiCad
C Lead acid
D Lithium
 Question 7
Which of the following has the hierarchy of waste in the right order (from most to least
desirable)?
A Landfill, incineration, resource recovery, recycling, reuse, source reduction
B Source reduction, reuse, recycling, resource recovery, incineration, landfill
C Landfill, resource recovery, recycling, reuse, source reduction, incineration
D Source reduction, resource recovery, recycling, reuse, incineration, landfill
 Question 8
Figure 1 shows the rapid increase in global plastics production. Concerns have been
raisedabout the environmental impact as vast quantities of discarded plastics are found in
theoceans, like the Great Pacific Garbage Patch (GPGP).
**
Figure 1: World global plastics production (1950–2015)**

Some countries have developed strategies to recover these plastics. These strategies
havebeen more successful in some countries than others. Figure 2 compares the
percentage ofplastics recovered in European countries.
**
Figure 2: Plastic – wasted or recovered?**
Figure 1: Hannah Ritchie and Max Roser (2018) - “Plastic Pollution”. Published online at
OurWorldInData.org. Retrievedfrom: https://ourworldindata.org/plastic-pollution [Online
Resource]. Source: based on Jambeck et al (2015)and
Eriksen et al (2014). Icon graphics from Noun Project. Data is based on global estimates
from Jambeck
(2015) based on plastic waste generation rates, coastal pollution sizes, and waste
management practices
by country. This is a visualization from OurWorldDate.org, where you will find data and
research on how
the__world is changing. License underCC-BY-SA by the authors Attribution 4.0
International (CC BY 4.0)
https://__creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/[Accessed 20 April 2020]. Source
adapted.
Figure 2: © DEUTSCHE WELLE.
Many governments have introduced legislation to ban single-use plastic straws. As a
resultmany customers have started to use metal straws, see Figure 3.
Figure 3: Different types of straw

Figure 3: s-cphoto / iStock.

1. State the trend of plastic production between 1950 and 2015. [1]

2. List two reasons why polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is often used forfood packaging. [2]

3. Outline one reason why products that are made of more than one material canbe difficult [2]
to recycle.
4. List two reasons why some countries recycle a larger percentage of plasticsthan others. [2]

5. Outline why thermoplastics tend to be easier to recycle than thermosettingplastics. [2]

6. Explain one negative environmental impact of incinerating plastic waste. [3]

7. State how the plastic straw gains its stiffness. [1]

8. Outline one reason why the plastic straw is mass produced. [2]

9. Outline one appropriate manufacturing method for making the plastic straw. [2]

10. Explain how market pull has influenced the release of the metal straw. [3]
 Question 9
Zuperzozial is a Dutch company that manufactures a range of kitchenware (plates, cups,
servingutensils, and vessels) from biodegradable bioplastic that is made from renewable
resources (suchas, corn, sugar cane and grain), see Figure 14.

The environmentally conscious kitchenware is stylish and durable. It also has a similar
weight,feel, performance and dimensions to existing ceramic products. Zuperzozial are
distributingtheir product through specialist kitchen stores, where they are displayed
alongside conventionalkitchenware. Zuperzozial needs to sell the kitchenware at a slightly
higher cost than conventionalkitchenware to recover the cost of the new technology used
to manufacture using bioplastics.
1. Outline one psychological factor the Zuperzozial kitchenware’s designers needto consider. [2]

2. Explain one physical property that the material used in the Zuperzozial kitchenwareneeds [3]
to possess.
3. Explain one advantage of using Finite element analysis (FEA) and one advantage ofusing [6]
physical models for testing the Zuperzozial kitchenware.
4. Explain how Rogers’ characteristics of relative advantage, compatibility andobservability [9]
help in the diffusion of the Zuperzozial kitchenware.
 Question 10
In which scale is the order of the values important, but the differences between the values
unimportant?
A Ordinal
B Nominal
C Interval
D Ratio

Question 11
Which of the following would be considered an end-of-pipe technology?
A Installation and use of energy saving lightbulbs
B Rain water harvesting
C Waste water treatment plant
D Installation of solar panels
 Question 12
In recent years there has been a move towards electric vehicles. An example of this is
theelectric motorcycle shown in Figure 6.
Figure 6: An electric motorcycle

1. Outline why electric motorcycles are regarded as a green design. [2]

2. Discuss whether the development of the electric motorcycle is an example oftechnology [3]
push or technology transfer.
3. Explain two reasons why the quiet nature of electric motorcycles may providenegative [6]
psychological factors in the popularity for consumers.
4. Life cycle analysis (LCA) is a tool that assesses the impact of a product onthe [9]
environment.
Explain how the environmental impact can be minimized during production,distribution
and disposal of the electric motorcycle.

Question 13
What best describes a combined heat and power approach?
A A national energy distribution system
B A macro energy policy
C A sustainable energy strategy
D An efficient way of generating electrical and thermal energy from a single source
 Question 14
Wind turbines, solar cells and lithium batteries convert energy. Which of the following is
the correct conversion for solar power?

A
B
C
D

Question 15
1. A recent study estimated that 239 000 industrial robots were used globally in 2015, [1]
seeFigure 1. The study indicated that the growth was particularly rapid in China where
thenumber of robots used increased by 16 % from 2014 to 2015.

Rapid advances in robot technology bring both advantages and disadvantages.

Anotherreport stated that 45 % of American jobs are at high risk of being taken by robots
within thenext twenty years.
 Question 16
With the introduction of sound in movies, the clapperboard was invented in the 1930s in
Melbourneto align sight and sound during the editing process. An example of a
clapperboard is shown inFigure 4.

1. Outline why the clapperboard can be defined as a classic design. [2]

2. Outline why the clapperboard is in the maturity phase of its product cycle. [2]

Question 17
Which eco-design system gives a low, medium or high risk rating for each stage of a life
cycle analysis (LCA)?
A Product life cycle
B Converging technology
C Environmental impact assessment matrix
D United Nations Environmental Programme Manual

Question 18
What material would be used in the compression moulding process?
A Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
B Carbon fibre
C Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)
D Urea-formaldehyde
 Question 19
Which of the following is an advantage of thermoset plastics?
A Retain their strength and shape when heated
B Returns to original form on heating
C Re-mouldable when heated
D Increases hardness when heated

Question 20
Modern sportswear often advertises its technical capabilities, such as wicking properties,
seeFigure 6.
Figure 6: Modern sportswear

[Source: Todor Tsvetkov / iStockphoto]

What material is best suited for this application?
A Silk
B Cotton
C Polyester
D Wool
 Question 21
Greenfeet publishes a sustainability progress report every year which summarizes the
totalenvironmental impact of the products it produces, see Figure 1.

In 2018, Greenfeet launched the Vertue shoe with an upper made entirely from plastic
recoveredfrom the ocean, see Figure 2. In 2019, Greenfeet expected to make 1.5 million
pairs of Vertueshoes from 200 tons of recovered plastic, using approximately 13 bottles
per shoe.

In 2019 Greenfeet updated its original Climeate shoe shown in Figure 3, with yarns made
fromrecycled plastic waste collected from beaches. The updated shoe is shown in Figure
4.
1. Greenfeet has a strategic goal to reduce water use and water pollution. State [1]
thepercentage of pollution caused by water pollution.
2. List two consequences of a manufacturing process that uses large quantities ofraw [2]
materials.
3. Outline how the Greenfeet Vertue shoe is an example of waste mitigation. [2]

4. Outline one driver for cleaning up manufacturing. [2]

5. Outline why sketches would be used in the development of the Greenfeet Vertueshoe. [2]

6. Explain one physiological factor considered in shoe sole design. [3]

7. List one characteristic that the retro-styled Greenfeet Climeate shoe (2019)shares with [1]
the original Greenfeet Climeate shoe (2004).
8. Outline the maximum and minimum percentiles that Greenfeet would use [2]
whenmanufacturing the Climeate shoe.
9. Describe how the EVA rubber sole of the Greenfeet Climeate shoe could bemoulded. [2]

10. Discuss whether the Greenfeet Climeate shoe (2019) balances the compromisebetween [3]
form and function.

Question 22
Which of the following would enable a designer to understand the structural forces acting
on a bridge support?
A Data modelling
B Bottom-up Modelling
C Finite element analysis (FEA)
D Virtual prototyping
 Question 23
McDonald’s fast food restaurants changed to card and paper packaging in 2008. They had
previously used Styrofoam plastic. This change reduced the weight and amount of
materials used.
What waste mitigation strategy is this an example of?
A Re-engineering
B Re-use
C Reconditioning
D Dematerialization

Question 24
What might be considered a disadvantage of an incremental solution?
A It requires considerable expenditure on research and development
B It causes minimal disruption
C It requires a high capital investment
D It focuses on short-term goals

Question 25
Glass can be processed in many ways to achieve different properties.
Which of the following processes describe tempering?
A Heat treating
B Laminating
C Moulding
D Etching

Question 26
1. Explain why end-of-pipe technologies may not be the most effective strategy toreduce [3]
pollution.
 Question 27
Cradle to grave is a linear economy based on the make, use, dispose model. What model
is cradle to cradle based on?
A Reduce, re-use, recycle
B Multidisciplinary approach
C Made to be made again
D Conflict and compromise

Question 28
If you were designing a bottle screw top to allow for easy operation, which percentile
would you be designing for?
A 5th–50th percentile
B 95th percentile
C 5th percentile
D 50th–95th percentile
 Question 29
The Nano Cellulose Vehicle (NCV) is a concept car made from nano cellulose, a
newmaterial that can be made from unused biomass or locally sourced wood, see Figure
11.Nano cellulose can be manufactured into parts that are five times as strong as steel, yet
onefifth of the weight.
There were a number of drivers (reasons) for the invention of the NCV.

Figures 11 and 12:Images provided with permission from Ministry of the Environment,
Government of Japan.
1. List two forms of graphical modelling used by car designers. [2]

2. Explain one driver for invention of the NCV in Figure 11. [3]

3. A lack of alertness of car users is a major factor in road traffic accidents. [6]

Explain how light and sound could be used by designers of the NCV in Figure 12
toimprove the alertness of the user.
4. Explain how the use of nano cellulose impacts the pre-production, utilization anddisposal [9]
stages of the NCV’s life cycle.
 Question 30
Glass jars which originally contained food are often used to store small items such as
crayons, pencils and erasers.
This is an example of:
A Reuse
B Recycling
C Reduction
D Reconditioning
 Question 31
Figure 1 shows design for environment software that can be used to analyse
theenvironmental impact of a component using life cycle analysis (LCA).

The software generates a sustainability report, see Figure 2. This can be used
bydesigners and manufacturers to make informed choices regarding the
environmentalimpact of the component.

Design for environment software can be used to calculate the energy consumed if
thecomponent was made from different materials. The pie charts in Figure 3 show the
energyconsumed by ABS and aluminium at the pre-production, production, distribution
and disposalstages of the product life cycle for the component. The unit of measurement
of energy ismegajoules (MJ).
1. State one reason why the product was designed to only last two years. [1]

2. Outline one reason why using injection moulding has resulted in a low estimatedmaterial [2]
unit cost.
3. Outline how finite element analysis (FEA) could be used to further develop theprocess [2]
during the component’s manufacture by injection moulding.
4. Outline why solid modelling rather than surface modelling would have been usedin the [2]
computer-aided design (CAD) development of the component designed inFigure 1.
5. Outline one possible impact on the sustainability report in Figure 2 if the materialof the [2]
component is changed from a thermoplastic to a thermosetting plastic.
6. Explain one waste mitigation strategy the designer could use to reduce thepercentage of [3]
ABS sent to landfill at the end of the product’s life.
7. List one reason why the design for environment software does not generate aresult for [1]
energy consumed at the utilization stage of the product lifecycle.
8. Calculate the embodied energy of the component if it is made from ABS. Giveyour answer [2]
to one decimal point and show your workings.
9. Outline why the energy consumed at the pre-production stage is greater foraluminium [2]
than for ABS.
10. Explain how end-of-pipe technologies can reduce the environmental impact [3]
ofmanufacturing.

Question 32
Which best describes the purpose of tempering?
A To increase the hardness of a metal
B To make a metal more malleable
C To improve the toughness of a metal
D To reduce the grain size of a metal
 Question 33
In 1858 Leonard Bailey produced the Bailey Wood Plane. The body of the plane was
madefrom cast iron rather than timber. It also had a cam lever lock to secure the lever cap
(a). In1867 he added a longitudinal adjuster – a “Y” lever operated by a screw set vertically
behindthe cutting unit (b).
Despite the development of electric wood planes, the Bailey Wood Plane is still used
inworkshops today, see Figure 5.
Figure 5: Bailey Wood Plane

1. List two properties that made cast iron a suitable material for the Bailey Wood Plane. [2]

2. Explain why the Bailey Wood Plane is an example of an innovation. [3]

3. Explain how the Bailey Wood Plane demonstrates omnipresence and dominant design. [6]

4. Explain why perspective drawings, orthographic drawings and exploded [9]

isometricdrawings would be used in the design of the Bailey Wood Plane.
 Question 34
Oil is extracted as a raw material and used for many purposes including being made
intoplastics, see Figure 1. Globally, the demand for oil continues to grow and the use of
plasticsin manufacturing is increasing, see Figure 2.

The Dish Doctor, shown in Figures 3a and 3b, was designed by Marc Newson in 1998. It
ismade from injection moulded high gloss polypropylene/plastic.
Figure 3a: Dish Doctor showing two injection moulded parts

[Source:Courtesy of Magis S.p.a. and Marc Newson Ltd]

Figure 3b: Dish Doctor in use
[Source:Courtesy of Magis S.p.a. and Marc Newson Ltd]
1. State the percentage of oil used in plastic production in 2014. [1]

2. Calculate how many barrels of oil were used in 2014 for the creation of plastics.Show your [2]
workings.
3. Outline the difference between a renewable and a non-renewable resource. [2]

4. Outline why manufacturers would use the strategy of dematerializingplastic products. [2]

5. Outline the scale of production that would be most appropriate for themanufacture of [2]
plastic products using the process of injection moulding.
6. Compare the ease of recovery and disposal of thermoplastics and thermosettingplastics. [3]

7. Plastic has a high embodied energy. Define embodied energy. [1]

8. Outline one advantage of injection moulded plastic. [2]

9. List two drivers for employing clean technology in the production of Dish Doctor. [2]

10. Explain why solid modelling is advantageous in the development of theDish Doctor. [3]

Question 35
Which of the following is influenced by perception?
A Biomechanics
B Strength
C Thermal comfort
D Reach
 Question 36
What is a major disadvantage of lead acid batteries?
A They are inefficient
B They are expensive
C They contain hazardous chemicals which are harmful to the environment
D They are unreliable

Question 37
Which of the following battery types is the most efficient?
A Lithium
B Lead acid
C Hydrogen fuel cell
D NiCad

Question 38
How is the embodied energy of a product best described?
A The energy consumed by just the extraction of raw materials
B The energy consumed by the manufacturing processes and the product in use
C The energy consumed by the extraction of raw materials, manufacturing processes and
the product in use
D The energy consumed by the extraction of raw materials, manufacturing processes and
recovery