(Physical Chemistry) IONIC EQUILIBRIUM

SOLUTIONS
EXERCISE # O-I

Link to View Video Solution: Click Here

1. H2O → H+ + OH+ H = +ve

kw if T Keq = Kw
2. Kw = [H+] × [OH–]
for pure water [H+] = [OH–]
Kw = 10–6.7 × 10–6.7 = 10–13.4
3. pHi = 3 Þ [H+]i = 10–3 M
pHƒ =6 Þ [H+]ƒ =10–6 M
[H+]i Vi = [H+]ƒ Vƒ
10–3 × Vi = 10–6 × Vƒ
Vƒ = 1000 Vi
Ci = 1000 Cƒ
4. pHi = 2  [H+]i = 10–2 M
pHƒ = 6 [H+]ƒ = 10–6 M
[H + ]i 10−2
=
[H + ]ƒ 10 −6

[H+]i = 104 [H+]ƒ

5. pH = 13, so pOH = 1  [OH–] = 0.1
Moles of OH −
0.1 =
0.25
Moles of OH– = 0.025
Mass of NaOH = 0.025 × 40 = 1 g
6. pH of acid < 7
So pH sol should Þ 6 – 7
7. [H+]i = 10–2 [H+]ƒ = 10–3
initial moles = 10–2 final moles of H+ = 10–3
Moles of H+ should be removed = 10–2 – 10–3 = 0.009
1 1
10   2 + 40  2
200 200 1
8. [H+]ƒ = =  pH = 2
50 100
9. Higher the Ka , stronger the acid

APNI KAKSHA 1
(Physical Chemistry) IONIC EQUILIBRIUM

Link to View Video Solution: Click Here

10. NH3 is base, so [OH–] , [H+] ¯

12. CH3COOH CH3COO– + H+

0.1 (1 – ) 0.1  0.1 
0.1  0.1
10–5 =
0.1(1 −  )

0.1 2 2
10–5 =  = 10–4 a = 10–2
1−  1− 

13. NH4OH → NH4+ + OH–

c(1 – ) c c
5
[OH–] = c = 0.02 × = 10–3
100
pOH = 3  pH = 11

10 –3 + 10 –5 101
15. [H+]ƒ = = 10 –5
2 2
101
pH = 5 – log = 3.3
2

16. [H+] = Ka1C1 + Ka 2C2 = 3 10−4  0.03 + 110−10  0.1 = 3 × 10–3 M

3  10 −4  0.03
[A–] = = 3 × 10–3 M
3  10 −3
110−10
[B–] = = 3.33 × 10–9 M
3 10−3

0.1 4 1 8
17. [OH–] = Ka1C1 + Ka 2C2 = 6.4  10−5  + 1.8  10−5   = 10−6 = 2 × 10–3 M
2 45 2 2
pOH = 3 – log2
pH = 11 + log2 = 11.3

APNI KAKSHA 2
(Physical Chemistry) IONIC EQUILIBRIUM

Link to View Video Solution: Click Here

18. → RNH3+ + OH –
RNH2 + H2O ⎯⎯

0.01-x x x
x − (x + 10 –4 )
2 × 10–6 =
0.01 – x
x2 + 10–4 x – 2 × 10–8 = 0
x = 10–4
[OH–] = 2 × 10–4
20. 0.1 M HCl + 0.1 M H3PO4 (a << 1)
H3PO4 H+ + H2PO–
0.1(1 – ) 0.1 + 0.1 0.1
» 0.1
[H+] = 0.1  pH = 1
0.1 0.1
Ka1 =  a= 10 K1
0.1
H2PO4– H+ + HPO42–
0.1 0.1 2
0.1 [HPO 24− ]
Ka2 =
0.1
[HPO42–] = K2 = 10 Ka1 Ka2

21. [HPO42–] = 10 Ka1 Ka2

HPO42– → H+ + PO43–
10 Ka1 Ka2–x x+ 0.1 x
» 0.1
0.1  x 0.1  x
Ka3 = =
10Ka1Ka 2 − x 10Ka1Ka 2

[PO43–] = x = 100 Ka1 Ka2 Ka3

22. NH2– + H+ → NH3

Base C.A.

APNI KAKSHA 3
(Physical Chemistry) IONIC EQUILIBRIUM

Link to View Video Solution: Click Here

24. Bronsted acid → which can given H+

24. NHO3 + H2O H3O+ + NO3–

Acid Base C.A C.B.

25. CH3COOH + OH– CH3COO– + H2O

1 Ka 1.8  10−5
Keq = = = = 1.8 × 109
Kh Kw 10−14

26. Ka HF × Kb F– = Kw
pKa = 14 – 10.83= 3.17
Ka = 10–3.17 = 6.75 × 10–4

28. At 85ºC neutral pH < 7

0.01
29. [H+] = = 10–3 M  pH = 3
100

30. (A) 0.1 M NaCl  pH = 7

(B) 0.1 M NH4Cl  pH < 7
(C) 0.1 M CH3COONa  pH > 7
(D) 0.1 M HCl  pH = 1

Kw 10−14 1/ 80 10−6

31 h= C = =
Ka 1.3  10−9 8  1.3

CN– + H2O → HCN + OH–

1/80(1 – h) h/80 h/80
10−14 h2 8
= Þ h2 = 10−4
1.3  10−9 80(1 − h) 1.3

APNI KAKSHA 4
(Physical Chemistry) IONIC EQUILIBRIUM

Link to View Video Solution: Click Here

h = 2.48 × 10–2
% h = 2.48
32. CN− + H2O → HCN + OH −

0.01(1 − h) 0.01h 0.01h

10−14 0.01h 2
=
1.4  10 −9 1− h
10
h2 = 10−4
1.4
h = 2.67 × 10–2
% h = 2.67%

K b3  K b2  K b1

33. Fe3+ + H2O → Fe(OH)2+ + H+

34. S2– + H2O → HS– + OH–

35. A3– + H2O → HA2– + OH–

Kw
Kh1 =
Ka 3
1
pH = (pKw + pKa3 + logC)
2
h
36. = Kh (for salt of WA + WB)
1− h
h does not depend on conc.

1 1
37. pH = (pKw + pKa – pKb) = × (14 + 4.8 – 4.78) = 7.01
2 2

38. Amphiprotic species ® which can given as well as take H+ ion.

41. For 1 M NaCl & 1 M HCl solution

 pH < 7
APNI KAKSHA 5
(Physical Chemistry) IONIC EQUILIBRIUM

Link to View Video Solution: Click Here

42. pOH = pKb = 4.74

pH = 9.26

[NH 3 ] 0.05
43. [OH–] = Kb × = 1.8 × 10–5 × = 9.0 × 10–4
[NH +4 ] 0.001

500  0.5
44. pOH = 5 – log 1.85 + log
300  0.3
25
= 5 + log = 5.188
16.2
pH = 14 – 5.188 = 8.812
[CH 3COO – ]
45. pH = pKa + log
[CH 3COOH]

3
= 4.82 + log =5
2
10 1
46. pH = 5 + log =5–1=4
50  2

5  VmL
47. pH = 10 – log5 + log =9
10  2
5VmL
log = log0.5
20
VmL = 2 mL

x
48. 4.74 = 5 – log1.34 + log
0.02
x = 1.5 × 10–2 mol

0.1 VmL
49. 4 = 3.7 + log
50  0.05
0.01 VmL
2=  VmL = 50 mL
50  0.05

50. If [NH4OH] ¯, [OH–]¯, pH ¯

APNI KAKSHA 6
(Physical Chemistry) IONIC EQUILIBRIUM

Link to View Video Solution: Click Here

[C.B]
51. pH = pKa + log
[Acid]
[C.B]
Ph – pKa = log = 5 = log 105
[Acid]
[C.B.] = 105 × [Acid]

52. HA + NaOH → NaA + H2O

10 mmol x mmol 10 mmol –
10–x 0 10+x –
[A – ]
pH = pKa + log
[HA]
10 + x
5.5 = 5 + log
10 – x
10 + x
3.16 =  x = 5.2
10 – x
Mass of NaOH added = 5.2 × 40 × 10–3g= 2.08 × 10–1g

53. On moderate dilution pH of buffer solution does not change.

0.02
54. Buffer capacity = = 0.4
0.05

8 1
56. Moles of OH– = =
40 5
4.9 1
Moles of H+ = 2 =
98 10
0.1
[OH–] = = 0.1
1
pOH = 1  pH = 13

APNI KAKSHA 7
(Physical Chemistry) IONIC EQUILIBRIUM

Link to View Video Solution: Click Here

57. H2SO4 + 2NaOH → Na2SO4 + H2O

0.5 mmol 1 mmol
0 0 1 mmol
Solution will be neutral so pH = 7

58. M Moles of H+ = 15
M Moles of OH– = 5
10 1
[H+]ƒ = = Þ pHƒ = 1
100 10

64. NaCN + HCl ¾→ HCN + NaCl

mmi 4 2 0 0
mmƒ 2 0 2 2

60. (A) H3PO4 + NaH2PO4 (W.A + its salt)

(B) H2CO4 + NaHCO3 (W.A + its salt)
(C) NH4Cl + HCl (W.A + its salt)
(A) CH3COOH + CH3COONa (W.A + its salt)

61. HCOOH + KOH → HCOOK + H2O

mm : 16 8 0 0
mmƒ 8 0 8 -
8
pH = 3.7 + log = 3.7
8
pOH = 10.3

0.6
62. pH = 4.74 + log = 4.916
0.4
63. pH = pKa = 3.7

APNI KAKSHA 8
(Physical Chemistry) IONIC EQUILIBRIUM

Link to View Video Solution: Click Here

25
64. pH = 5 + log (25% neutralization)
75
1
= 5 + log
3
pH = 5 (50% neutralization)
75
pH = 5 + log (75% neutralization)
25
= 5 – log3

65. CH3COONa + HCl → CH3COOH + NaCl

mmi 2 2 0 0
mmƒ 0 0 2 -
2
[CH3COOH] = = 0.1
20
− +
CH 3COOH ⎯⎯
→ CH3COO + H
0.1− x x x

x2
1.8 × 10–5 =
0.1 − x
−3
[H+] = x = 1.8 10
pH = 2.88

66. For 0.1 M NaHA

7 + 11
pH = =9
2
for 0.1 M H2A pH < 7
for 0.1 M Na2A pH > 7
for 0.1 M NaHA + 0.1 M Na2A  pH = pKa2 = 11

67. N3PO4 + NaH2PO4

NaH2PO4 + Na2HPO4
Na2HPO4 + Na3PO4

APNI KAKSHA 9
(Physical Chemistry) IONIC EQUILIBRIUM

Link to View Video Solution: Click Here

68. H3PO4 + NaOH → NaH2PO4 + H2O

mmi 9 5 0 0
mmƒ 4 0 5 -
5
pH = 3 + log = 3.1
4
69.
[In − ]
pH = pKIn + log
[H I n]

70. pH = pKIn ± 1

71. pH range of methyl red

 4.2 – 6.3

72. pH at equivalence point is (5.5 – 11)

73. For HCl Vs NH4OH  pH range (3 – 8.5)

74. For NaOH Vs H2C2O4 titration

pH range is (11 – 5.5)

75. Oxalic acid Vs KMnO4 titration is a redox titration.

76. For WA Vs SB titration

pH range is 5.5 – 11. So suitable indicator is Hph.

20
78. pHi = pKa + log
80
80
pHƒ = pKa + log
20
pH = 2 log4 = 1.2

79. 2NaHCO3(s) ⎯⎯ → Na2CO3(s) + CO2 + H2O a mol a/2 mol
Na2CO3 + HCl ⎯⎯⎯ → NaHCO3 + NaCl
HPh

a
= 0.1 × 0.5
2
a = 0.1 mol
w = 0.1 × 84 = 8.4 gm
8.4
% purity = × 100 = 84%
10
APNI KAKSHA 10
(Physical Chemistry) IONIC EQUILIBRIUM

Link to View Video Solution: Click Here

81. Ksp = (28)2 × (3s)3 = 108 s5

82. Ksp = s2 = 64 × 10–6

s = 8 × 10–3 M
= 8 × 10–3 mol/L
= 8 mol/m3

14.3  10 −4
83. s= = 10–5 M
143
Ksp = s2 = 10–10 M2

7
84. s= = 7 × 10–2 M
100
Ksp = s2 = 4.9 × 10–3

85. (A) Ksp = s2 s= 80 × 10–19 M

(B) Ksp = s2 s= 7 × 10–8 M

1
 1000  5
(C) Ksp = 108 s5 =1× 10–72 s=   × 10–15 M
 108 
 180 
(D) Ksp = 27 s4 s=   × 10 M
–5
 27 
86. 4s3 = 8.64 × 10–13
s3 = 216 × 10–15
s = 6 × 10–5 M (in water)
2−
Ag2CrO4 ¾→ 2Ag + + CrO 4
2s s + 0.6
 0.6

(2s)2 × 0.6 = 8.64 × 10–13

4s2 = 14.4 × 10–13
s2 = 3.6 × 10–13
s = 6 × 10–7 M

APNI KAKSHA 11
(Physical Chemistry) IONIC EQUILIBRIUM

Link to View Video Solution: Click Here

87. 0.1 M CaBr2  [Br–] = 0.2 M

0.1 M NaBr  [Br–] = 0.1 M
0.1 M AgNO3  [Ag+] = 0.1 M
In case of 0.1 M CaBr2, morality of common ion is maximum so. There maximum common ion
effect.

88. SrCO3 → Sr 2+ + CO32−

s1 s1 +s2

ZnCO3 → Zn 2+ + CO32−
s2 s2 +s1

(s1 + s 2 )s1 10−10 100

= =
(s1 + s 2 )s 2 1.5  10 −11
15

s1 20
=
s2 3

89. [Ba2+] [CO32–] = Ksp

5.1 × 10–9 = [Ba2+] × 10–4
[Ba2+] = 5.1 × 10–5 M

90. Ksp = [Mg2+] [OH–]2

1 × 10–11 = 0.1 × [OH–]2
[OH–] = 10–5 M
pOH = 5 Þ pH = 9

91. QIP = 10–3 × 10–10 = 10–13

QIP < Ksp (no ppt)

92. Ag+ + Br– → AgBr

Ci 10–7 M 10–7 M 0
Qip=10–7 × 10–7 =10–14 ,Qip < Keq,
So there will be no precipitation

APNI KAKSHA 12
(Physical Chemistry) IONIC EQUILIBRIUM

Link to View Video Solution: Click Here

93. Ag2CrO4 2Ag+ + CrO 24−

10mmol 80mmol
5 0 75
x 75
500 500
2
 x   75  –12
then     = 15 × 10
 500   500 
x
= 10–5
500
x = 5 × 10–3
5  10−3
+
[Ag ] = = 10–5
500

94. AgCl(s) Ag+ (aq.) + Cl– (aq.)

y x–y 4 × 10–5 – y
4 × 10–5 – y = 10–5
y = 3 × 10–5
(x – y) (4 × 10–5 – y) = 10–10
(x – y) (10–5) = 10–10
x – y = 10–5
x – 3 × 10–5 = 10–5
x = 4 × 10–5

95. Ksp = [Ag+] [Cl–]

[Ag+]

[Cl–]

96. CN– + H2O → HCN + OH–

Solubility if [OH–] ¯, [H+] , pH¯

97. Solubility of Ag2CO3 will be max. in NH3 due to complex formation.

APNI KAKSHA 13
(Physical Chemistry) IONIC EQUILIBRIUM

Link to View Video Solution: Click Here

98. Ag+ + 2NH3 Ag(NH3) +2

x 0.8 0.1
Ag (NH3) +2 Ag (NH3)+ + NH3

0.1 – x x 0.8 + x
0.1 0.8
1 1 (0.8)x
= 4=  x = 1.25 × 10–5
K f2 10 0.1

Ksp
99. Ag A (s) Ag+ (aq) + A–(aq)
S S–x
A–(aq) + H2O K v /Ka
AH (aq) + OH–(aq)
S–x x x

Kw x2 10−10 10−10
10–4 = =   (S – x) = −4 = 10–6
Ka S − x S− x 10
 S = x + 10–6 {but x = 10–5}  S = (1.1 × 10–5)
Ksp = [Ag+ (aq)] [A–(aq)]  1.1 × 10–5 × 10–6
Ksp = 1.1 × 10–11

APNI KAKSHA 14