QUIZLET

Similarities and differences between Rheumatoid arthritis and Osteoarthritis

- joints. Osteoarthritis is the degeneration of cartilage with atrophy of underlying adjacent bone.
Osteoarthritis has no swelling or inflammation compared to rheumatoid.

S/s of fractures

- Pain over fracture

Swelling
Redness
Lack of movement/ decrease ROM
Unequal length of limb reduced weight bearing on affected side
Bone protrusion.

Age-related changes to the integumentary system

HAIR:
Hair loss
Loss of pigment
Thinning

NAILS:
thickens
brittle

SKIN:
thinning
decreased elasticity
increase skin tears
increased pressure sores
decreased fat stores
increased wrinkles

Age-related changes to the musculoskeletal system

Sacropenia
Decreased muscle mass/function as a result of decrease in protein synthesis and an increase in breakdown of muscle
protein
Decrease muscle fibre size and number this causes a decrease in muscle strength and decrease in grip strength
endurance.
Changes in connective tissue reduce the flexibility of joints and muscles
breakdown of joints
brittle bones
What areas of improvement should exercise programs geared for Seniors focus on?

- Cardiovascular Exercises
Flexibility
Strength
 Prevention of muscle cramping
- Gentle stretching and ROM exercises

How does a vascular lesion/ulcer develop?

- when oxygen-poor blood can’t flow from your extremities back to your heart. Instead, it
pools, creating pressure in your veins.
Skin Cancers; severity of each

- a. Basal cell carcinoma (Most Common)

b. Squamous cell carcinoma
c. Melanoma (most deadly)
Most common sites on body of fractures in elderly
- a. Hip (neck of femur)
b. Wrist
c. Spine
Patho of arterial ulcers
Inadequate blood flow to the lower extremities

Non-pharm treatment of pruritus.

- a. Bath oils
b. Massages
c. Avoiding hot baths and dry heat.

What is candida albicans

Microscopic fungal organism that is most common in mucous membranes of the mouth, intestinal
tract, and healthy vagina. Under certain circumstances, it may cause superficial infections of the
skin, mouth, or vagina. Infection of the esophagus and severe invasive systemic infections may
occur in persons with human immunodeficiency virus.

S/s of rheumatoid arthritis

- a. Joint pain
b. Joint tenderness
c. Joint swelling
d. Joint redness
e. Joint stiffness (usually worst in the mornings and after activity)
f. Loss of flexibility
g. Joint deformity (more inflammation)
h. Fever, fatigue, Malaise and weight loss

Risk factors for osteoporosis

Patho of osteoarthritis caused by

- Degeneration of articular carilag with hypertrophy of the underlying and adjacent bone
Staging of pressure ulcers
- stage 1: sores but no open wounds
stage 2: the skin breaks open
stage 3: the sore gets worse and extends into tissues under the skin
stage 4: very deep reaching muscle and bone.

Dietary changes for clients with gout

- Low purine Diet - vit. E, Folic acid, EPA-Fatty acids found in some fish

What is erythema?
- Redness of the skin or mucous membrane caused by Hyperemia

What are DMARDS

- Disease-Modifyining-Antirheumatic-Drugs