SET # 01

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1. Own course 044°(T) at 15 knots.

Time Bearing Range

1200 005° (T) 7.00 M
1203 005° (T) 6.40 M
1206 005½°(T) 5.75 M

Construct a true plot and thence find:

(a) Course and speed of target.
(b) Aspect at 1206.
(c) Time and range at CPA.
At 1207 the target indicates her intention to take action at 1210 by altering course 30°
to starboard and also reducing speed to 6 knots. Find (d) the new CPA range and time.

2. While steering a course of 110° (T) at 12 knots, the following observations of a

target were made on the radar screen:

Ship’s Bearing Range

Time (True) (M)
1000 166° 8.80
1006 165° 7.00
1012 162° 5.20
Compile a report for 1012 Hrs. Speed was reduced at 1012 from 12 to 3 knots.
Find the new CPA, TCPA.

3. Answer the following short questions:

a) State the factors affecting range discrimination.

b) What is the use of tuning control?
c) What alarms are associated with ARPA?
d) State the use and remedy for multiple echo.
e) Mention some items you would record in the RADAR Log.

SET # 02
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1. While steering 240° (T) at 8 knots, the following observations of a target were
made on the radar screen:

Ship’s Bearing Range

Time (True) (M)
1000 220° 7.00
1007 ½ 221° 6.50
1015 222° 6.00

Find the CPA and TCPA and aspect at 1015.

 2. While steering a course of 110° (T) at 12 knots, the following observations of a
target were made on the radar screen:

Ship’s Bearing Range

Time (True) (M)
1000 166° 8.80
1006 165° 7.00
1012 162° 5.20
Compile a report for 1012 Hrs. Speed was reduced at 1012 from 12 to 3 knots.
Find the new CPA, TCPA.

3. Answer the following short questions:

f) State the factors affecting range discrimination.

g) What is the use of tuning control?
h) What alarms are associated with ARPA?
i) State the use and remedy for multiple echo.
j) Mention some items you would record in the RADAR Log.

SET # 03
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1. A vessel steering on 090° (T) at 15 knots observe following target on the radar
screen;
Time Relative bearing Range (nm)
0900 33° 11.5’
0906 31° 10.8’
0912 29° 10.1’

Make a full report at 0912 hrs.

Own ship then alter course 60° to starboard at 0918 hrs and the vessel was on new
course a 0922 hrs. Find the nearest range at which the target will be passing and the
time & relative bearing of such passing.

At what time to resume course so that the nearest passing distance will be 2 miles on
the port side.

2. Write short note on followings:

a. Lost Targets
b. Indirect echoes
c. Scanty Radar Information
d. Performance Monitor
e. Echo Trail
f. SART
SET # 04
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1. At 0200, a light vessel bore 225° (T) 3.0M off. At 0230, it bore 140° (T) 2.0 M
off. If the own ship’s course and speed were 282° (T) and 10 knots, find:-

(i) Range, bearing and time when at closest point.

(ii) Range, bearing and time when abeam
(iii) Set and rate of current

If a buoy was detected right ahead 3M off at 0230, find:-

Its time and range at CPA and state on which side of own ship it would pass.

2. Whilst steering 182° (T) at 16 knots, the following observations of a target

Were made on the PPI:

Ship’s Bearing Range

Time (Rel) (M)
2040 248° 14.0
2046 349° 11.3
2052 350° 08.6

Report the target at 2052.

If at 2055, the target altered course to starboard by 35°, find the new CPA and
TCPA.
2. Answer the following short questions:

a. Define the terms beam-width and pulse-length. State the factors which
determine the beam-width and pulse-length.
b. What is echo trail? How echo trail can be used for safe navigation?
c. State the cause and remedy for second trace echo.
d. What is the cause of indirect echoes? How are they recognized and how
can their effect be reduced?
e. Under what circumstances would you use Manual and Automatic acquisition
Mode?

SET # 05
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1. While steering 350° (T) at 10 knots, the following bearing & ranges were taken: 20
Time Bearing Range

0000 hours 040° (T) 10.0 miles

0006 hours 035° (T) 8.0 miles
0012 hours 026° (T) 6.1 miles

Find by plotting CPA and TCPA, True Course, speed and aspect of the
target.
2. You are moving at 18 knots on a course of 175° (T) and make the following radar
observations: 30

Time Bearing Range

1930 199° (T) 12.0 miles

1933 199° (T) 10.5 miles
1936 200° (T) 9.0 miles

Give a FULL REPORT for 1936.

At 1942 you make an instantaneous reduction of speed to 10 knots.

At 1945 you stop instantly. Complete a new radar report for 1945. (The CPA bearing is to
be given in degrees relative).

3. Answer the following short questions: (5×4 = 20)

(a) How can the angular width of a shadow sector be determined? How is the
information recorded?
(b) What is the ‘cause of side echoes’? How are they recognized and how can their
effect be reduced?
(c) State the uses of EBL and Echo trail.
(d) Explain how precipitation may affect the detection of object and the use of
differentiator circuit on radar set.
(e) State the factors which determine the minimum detection rangle.

SET # 06
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1. A vessel steering on 076º (T) at 13 knots observe a lighthouse brg as follows:

Time Bearing Range (NM)

0800 046 º 4.5ʹ
0809 029 º 2.5 ʹ

(a) Find range, bearing & time at CPA

(b) Find range, bearing & time when abeam
(c) Set & rate of current

2. The following of echo of a target were recorded:

Time Bearing Range (NM)

0400 348 º 9.3ʹ
0405 347 º 7.9 ʹ
0410 346 º 6.5 ʹ

Own course & speed 020º (T), 14 knots

Own ship is stopped at 0410
Find the course, speed of the target & distance & time of its nearest approach.
3. Write short note on following

(a) Pulse length and PRF

(b) Factor effecting on range accuracy
(c) Range and bearing discrimination\
(d) Parts of RADAR log
(e) Echo Trial and Vector
(f) ARPA Alarms

SET # 07
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1. The following of echo of a target were recorded:

Time Bearing Range (NM)

2000Hrs 348º T 9.3ʹ
2005Hrs 347º T 7.9 ʹ
2010Hrs 346º T 6.5 ʹ

Compile a full report at 2010 Hrs

Own course & speed 020º (T), 14 knots
Own ship is stopped at 2010 Hrs
Calculate new CPA and TCPA

2. The following bearings and ranges of a target were observed on a Radar Display.

Time Bearing Range (NM)

0600Hrs 290º T 8.7ʹ
2005Hrs 289º T 7.6 ʹ
2010Hrs 288º T 6.5 ʹ

Own course 260º T and speed 12 knots

(a) Calculate Target’s speed, Aspect and CPA at 0610 Hrs
At 0610 order was given to reduce speed and at 0620 the vessel had attained a steady
speed of 6 knots.
At 0625 target bore 276 º range 4 M
At 0630 order was given to reduce speed again and at 0640 the vessel had attained a
steady speed of 3 knots
(b) How far does the target cross ahead?
(c) What is her CPA and TCPA, relative bearing of CPA position?

3. (a) Explain how a Racon works?

(b) What are the limitations of ARPA?
(c) You are sailing in Atlantic Ocean; there are no Target, Calm sea and good
Weather. How will you Tune your Radar?
(d) What is EBL? Explain the use of EBL
(e) How will you check that your ARPA is working properly?