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 Contents

Preface

1 Nouns

2 Definite and Indefinite Articles

3 Adjectives

4 Personal Pronouns

5 Verbs

6 More about Verbs

7 Auxiliary Verbs

8 The past progressive tense

9 Passive voice

10 Adverbs

11 Contractions

12 Plurals

13 Punctuation

14 Infinitives and gerunds

15 Relative pronouns

16 Reflexive pronouns

17 Possession

18 Prepositions

19 More about prepositions

20 Capitalization

21 Subjunctive mood

22 Comparatives and superlatives

23 Conjunctions

24 Interrogatives

25 Negation

26 Numbers

27 Conversation: Introductions, opinions, descriptions

28 Conversation: Openers, appointments, needs

29 Conversation: Future events, narration, electronic

communication

30 Some Important Contrasts

31 Phrasal verbs

32 Review 1

33 Review 2
Appendix A: Irregular past tense and past participle forms
Appendix B: Short tag questions and answers
Answer key
 Preface

Practice Makes Perfect: Complete English All-in-One for ESL

Learners, Premium Second Edition, aimed especially at self-taught
learners, is designed to serves two purposes for acquiring the skills
needed to be a confident user of English as a second language.
Firstly, it is an excellent instrument for practicing the many
intricacies of the grammar and structure of the English language.
Secondly, the book is a resource that contains the answers to
questions most frequently on the minds of ESL-learners.
The book is a compilation of seven ESL books that cover the
major grammar topics that describe and explain how the various
parts of speech function in a sentence, and, most importantly, it also
provides abundant exercises for practice.

Ed Swick/Practice Makes Perfect English Grammar for ESL

Learners, 4th Edition
Mark Lester/Practice Makes Perfect English Verb Tenses Up
Close
Loretta Gray/Practice Makes Perfect English Verbs, 3rd Edition
Robin Torres-Gouzerh/Practice Makes Perfect Intermediate
English Grammar for ESL Learners, 3rd Edition
Ed Swick/Practice Makes Perfect English Pronouns and
Prepositions, 2nd Edition
Ed Swick/Practice Makes Perfect English Sentence Builder, 2nd
Edition
Jean Yates/Practice Makes Perfect English Conversation, 3rd
Edition
In just this one book, the student has a tool for learning and
practicing his or her new language and a valuable resource that
provides immediate answers to questions.
Technical terminology has been kept to a minimum but is
introduced and explained when it is needed to describe an important
concept. But the goal of the book is to hold such terminology to a
minimum. For example, the term elliptical clause is a concept that
must be memorized because those two words together have no
precise meaning at first glance and merely stand for a special kind of
clause. They describe a clause, in which something has been
omitted. For example:

You are just as smart as Jim. = You are just as smart as Jim is.

The verb (is) is left out of the final clause because it is

understood. In this book, the term elliptical clause is avoided as
much as possible, and the clause is more simply described as
omitting the verb or leaving out the verb. Those replacement
phrases provide simplicity and an instantaneous understanding of
how the clause is structured. Avoiding technical terminology provides
ESL-learners with a more immediate understanding of material.
This English All-in-One book provides a comprehensive look at
English grammar and its usage. In addition, the large abundance of
exercises provides a generous opportunity to practice what has been
learned or a concept that learners may wish to master. ESL-learners
are encouraged to use the extensive answer key to check for
accuracy and as an aid to assess the skill level that has been
achieved.
One of the great advantages of using a compiled book like this is
having access to an all-inclusive collection of English grammar
topics, thorough explanations of those topics, and a generous
amount of exercises with an answer key. It is to the user’s
advantage to review both small concepts and complete chapters
until the ESL-learner’s new skills can be used comfortably and
confidently.
 •1•

Nouns

Nouns can be either proper or common. Proper nouns are those

that refer to a particular person, place, thing, or idea. Such nouns
are capitalized: America, George Washington, Mr. Neruda, October.
Nouns that do not refer to a particular person, place, thing, or
idea are common nouns. They are not capitalized: land, girls,
money, test. Compare the following list of proper and common
nouns:

Proper Nouns Common Nouns

Mexico country
Ms. Finch woman
English language
McGraw-Hill publisher
American Airlines company
December month

EXERCISE 1•1
Next to each noun write the word proper or common.
1. __________________ France
2. __________________ rope
 3. __________________ United States
4. __________________ Professor Hall
5. __________________ professor
6. __________________ the stadium
7. __________________ the Olympics
8. __________________ horses
9. __________________ Dr. Blanchard
10. __________________ our school

EXERCISE 1•2
Rewrite each noun, capitalizing the proper nouns.
1. __________________ glass
2. __________________ rocky mountains
3. __________________ mexico
4. __________________ flowers
5. __________________ bus
6. __________________ the store
7. __________________ new york times
8. __________________ roberto
9. __________________ professor romano
10. __________________ my books
Nouns can be used as the subject of a sentence. The subject is the
word that is performing the action in the sentence. The subject can
be a proper noun or a common noun, and it can be singular or
plural:

Juanita is a friend of mine.

The boys like to play soccer.
Where is the school?

Nouns can also be used as direct objects. The direct object in a

sentence is the noun that receives the action of the verb. To find the
direct object in a sentence, do three things:

1. Find the subject of the sentence.

2. Find the verb in the sentence.
3. Ask whom or what with the subject and the verb.

Look at these sample sentences:

“Sara likes my brother.” “The girls find a book.”
1. subject = Sara 1. subject = girls
2. verb = likes 2. verb = find
3. ask whom = Whom does 3. ask what = What do the
Sara like? girls find?
The direct object is my brother. The direct object is book

Nouns are sometimes indirect objects. They stand before the direct
object in the sentence. It is the person to whom or for whom
something is provided. To find the indirect object in a sentence, do
three things:

1. Find the subject of the sentence.

2. Find the verb in the sentence.
3. Ask to whom or for whom with the subject and the verb.
Look at these sample sentences:
“Justin buys the girl a “Mother gives Nate five
magazine.” dollars.”
1. subject = Justin 1. subject = Mother
2. verb = buys 2. verb = gives
3. ask to whom or for whom = 3. ask to whom or for whom
For whom does Justin buy a = To whom does Mother
magazine? give five dollars?
The indirect object is girl. The indirect object is Nate.

Note: It is rare that something inanimate is used as an indirect

object.
When a noun is used as a predicate noun, it follows the predicate in
the sentence. The predicate can be a single verb or a verb phrase:

Verb as the predicate: Maria helps us.

Verb phrase as the predicate: Maria usually helps
with the gardening.

Predicate nouns most often follow the verbs to be and to become:

My mother wants to be a doctor.

Celine became an actress.
Are you the manager of this building?

EXERCISE 1•3
Look at the italicized word in each sentence. Decide how it is used,
then write subject, direct object, indirect object, or predicate noun in
the blank.
1. __________________ Claudia likes Bret.
 2. __________________ The boys found some money.
3. __________________ The girls found some money.
4. __________________ My father is an engineer.
5. __________________ I sent my sister a telegram.
6. __________________ Tomas buys Serena three red roses.
7. __________________ Is the woman at home now?
8. __________________ Mr. Jimenez became a pilot.
9. __________________ He needs a new car.
10. __________________ Carmen gives them the books.

EXERCISE 1•4
Write a sentence using the noun given as a direct object.

EXAMPLE: the boy

Barbara sees the boy in the park.

1. my sister
____________________________________________________
_______________
2. a new car
____________________________________________________
_______________
3. Jackie
____________________________________________________
_______________

Write a sentence using the word given as an indirect object.

 4. the children
____________________________________________________
_______________
5. a puppy
____________________________________________________
_______________
6. Grandfather
____________________________________________________
_______________

EXERCISE 1•5
Using the phrase in parentheses, answer each question using that
phrase as the direct or indirect object.

EXAMPLE: (Yolanda) Whom does Gerry meet?

Gerry meets Yolanda.

1. (the boys) Whom does the girl not trust?

____________________________________________________
_______________
2. (his wallet) What does Father often misplace?
____________________________________________________
_______________
3. (the landlord) To whom does she always give the rent money?
____________________________________________________
_______________
4. (her new computer) What does Anita want to sell soon?
 ____________________________________________________
_______________
5. (her grandchildren) For whom does she buy the toys?
____________________________________________________
_______________
6. (Ms. Johnson) Whom must you visit in New York?
____________________________________________________
_______________
7. (their new house) What do they like so much?
____________________________________________________
_______________
8. (little Johnny) To whom can she give the present?
____________________________________________________
_______________
9. (Dr. Lee) Whom does he need to see today?
____________________________________________________
_______________
10. (Michael) To whom does she throw the ball?
____________________________________________________
_______________

EXERCISE 1•6
Rewrite each verb phrase as a complete sentence by adding a
subject.

EXAMPLE Is a real bargain. That coat is a real bargain.

 1. Were eating an Italian specialty.
____________________________________
2. Have worked in Austin for two years.
____________________________________________________
_______________
3. Purchased it last week.
____________________________________
4. Is awful. ____________________________________
5. Looks comfortable. ____________________________________
6. Went to the theater.
____________________________________

EXERCISE 1•7
Underline the subject(s) in each sentence.
1. Children ought to be more careful.
2. Water is good for you.
3. Prague is an amazing and historic Eastern European city.
4. The furry, clean, calm cat slept on the couch.
5. The furry, clean, calm, black cat ran outside.
6. The furry, clean, calm, black cat with a scar jumped on the
counter.
7. The big, ugly, dirty, brown bear with long ears and large claws
attacked a hunter.
8. She read a magazine yesterday.
 9. Peter went to the circus.
10. Lending money and giving too much advice can cause
problems.
 •2•

Definite and Indefinite

Articles

The English definite article is the. It is used to identify a particular

person or thing. If you are speaking about someone or something
you are already familiar with, you use the with the noun. Look at
these examples:

I already know the man.

She met the women who won the lottery.
This is the book that I told you about.

The indefinite article is used to describe someone or something

that is unfamiliar to you or about which you are speaking in general.
There are two forms: a and an. Use a before a word beginning with
a consonant. Use an before a word beginning with a vowel. Look at
these examples:

He sees a stranger on the corner.

Did you buy an apple or an orange?
Is the woman a good lawyer?
She has an idea.
Compare the difference between the definite and indefinite article by
using these sentences:

I want an apple. (I do not see an apple. But I feel

hungry for one.)
I want the apple. (I am choosing between the apple
and the orange that I see before me.)

The definite article for plural nouns is also the. But there is no
indefinite article for plural nouns. The plural articles are used in the
same way as the singular articles.

Singular Singular Plural Plural

Definite Indefinite Definite Indefinite
the boy a boy the boys boys
the house a house the houses houses
the idea an idea the ideas ideas

EXERCISE 2•1
Fill in the blank with either the definite or indefinite article,
whichever makes the best sense.
1. Did you buy a Ford or __________ Chevy?
2. Does he know __________ man on the corner?
3. She has __________ secret to tell you.
4. What time does __________ train leave?
5. We need __________ hot dogs and a bottle of Coke.
6. Did you see __________ accident?
7. He met __________ guests as they arrived.
 8. __________ teacher is angry with us.
9. I can’t find __________ keys.
10. Is that _______ snake in that tree?

EXERCISE 2•2
Rewrite each sentence, changing the singular nouns in each
sentence to plural nouns. Make any changes to the articles and
verbs that are necessary.
1. They gave us an orange.
____________________________________________________
_______________
2. I like the book very much.
____________________________________________________
_______________
3. Do you often visit the farm there?
____________________________________________________
_______________
4. A rabbit is hiding behind it.
____________________________________________________
_______________
5. Katrina likes to play with the kitten.
____________________________________________________
_______________
Follow the same directions, but change the plural nouns to singular.
6. Montel has dogs and cats.
 ____________________________________________________
_______________
7. I want to buy the roses.
____________________________________________________
_______________
8. There are gifts for you.
____________________________________________________
_______________
9. Can you hear the babies crying?
____________________________________________________
_______________
10. Do you have brothers or sisters?
____________________________________________________
_______________
 •3•

Adjectives

Adjectives are words that describe nouns. They tell the size, color,
or quality of something: a big room, the red car, four interesting
books. Here are some commonly used adjectives:

beautiful fast loud tall

big funny old terrible
black handsome quiet thirsty
boring interesting right ugly
careful late sad young
careless little short white
early long slow wrong

EXERCISE 3•1
Circle the adjective that makes more sense in the sentence.
1. I often go to a green/late movie.
2. Their little/right boy is six years old.
3. The wrong/young teacher is very smart.
4. We took the fast/loose train to New York.
 5. The old/funny story made me laugh.
6. Do you know that handsome/early man?
7. She had an early/careless breakfast.
8. I saw the long/terrible accident.
9. The new house has boring/white doors.
10. The green/short boy is my cousin.

Just like nouns, adjectives can follow the predicate. They most often
come after forms of the verbs to be and to become:

My sister was very sad.

The horse suddenly became thirsty.
My grandfather is old.

EXERCISE 3•2
Look at the example sentences. Change each sentence so that the
adjective follows the predicate.

EXAMPLE: The white house is on the hill.

The house on the hill is white.

1. The sad song was from Mexico.

____________________________________________________
_______________
2. The funny story is about a clown.
____________________________________________________
_______________
 3. The careless waiter is out of work.
____________________________________________________
_______________
4. The ugly snake is from Egypt.
____________________________________________________
_______________
5. The beautiful woman is from Spain.
____________________________________________________
_______________

EXERCISE 3•3
Fill in the blank with any adjective that makes sense. You may
choose from the list given at the beginning of the unit.
1. David wrote a _________________________________ poem
for her.
2. Do you like the _________________________________ cake?
3. I cannot find an _________________________________ book.
4. Where does the _________________________________ lawyer
live?
5. Marisa needs a _________________________________ job.
6. The _________________________________ man found a
_________________________________ wallet.
7. Kareem is a _________________________________ friend of
mine.
8. There is a _________________________________ test
tomorrow.
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
 PIEDNOTOJ
[1] Angle: prickly broom or furze-covered land.
[2] Angle: “chanticleer.”
[3] Sebastiano rimarkas ke li pagis la garantiaĵon, ĉar li ĵus
ridis.
[4] Tiun ĉi vorton Gonzalo diras por recertigi al Adriano ke
Kartago estis Tuniso.
[5] Malnova monero, la okono da penco.
[6] Amen, por sufiĉe, en la Stefana pentrinda ĵargono.
[7] Aludo al la proverbo: Kiu manĝas kun la diablo, tiu bezonas
longan kuleron.
[8] Kisu la libron = trinku el la botelo, laŭ Stefano.
[9] Kisu la libron = trinku el la botelo, laŭ Stefano.
[10] Kisu la libron = trinku el la botelo, laŭ Stefano.
[11] t.e., Trinkulon.
[12] t.e., Trinkulo.
[13] t.e., Prospero.
[14] Antikvuloj kredis ke pasioj loĝas en hepato.

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