s Topics

Topic to be Covered :
Most Expected Questions of Science
 FOR CLASS- 10 TH BOARD

CHEMISTRY

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND

EQUATIONS

By: Sunil Bhaiya

QUESTION - 01

Magnesium ribbon on strong heating in the presence of oxygen burns

with a dazzling white flame and forms a compound (X). This compound
(X) dissolves in water to form another compound (Y).
1. Identify (X) and (Y).
2. Write balanced chemical equations for each case.
3. What will be the colour of red litmus paper in compound Y.
QUESTION - 02

A compound (X) on heating decomposes to give compound (Y) and a

gas (Z). Compound (Y) on dissolving in water forms a substance (W)
which is used for white washing. After two to three days of white
washing there is a shiny finish on the walls because compound (X) is
formed over the walls.
1. Identify (X), (Y), (Z) and (W).
2. Write balanced chemical equations for each case.
3. List two observations when compound (Y) is slaked with water.
QUESTION - 02

A compound (X) on heating decomposes to give compound (Y) and a

gas (Z). Compound (Y) on dissolving in water forms a substance (W)
which is used for white washing. After two to three days of white
washing there is a shiny finish on the walls because compound (X) is
formed over the walls.
1. Identify (X), (Y), (Z) and (W).
2. Write balanced chemical equations for each case.
3. List two observations when compound (Y) is slaked with water.
(i) Very fast reaction (Vigorous).

(ii) Heat is evolved (Exothermic reaction).

(iii) Water boils to form steam and produces a hissing sound.

QUESTION - 03

In the electrolysis of water:

1. Name the gas formed at anode and cathode.
2. Why is the volume of gas collected at one electrode double than the
other?
3. What would happen if dilute H2SO4 is not added to water?
1. Anode: Oxygen (O2), Cathode: Hydrogen (H2)
2. The volume of hydrogen (H2) formed at cathode will be twice the oxygen (O2) formed
at anode. It can be observed from the below equation:

3. Water ionises to a tiny extent giving+

H (aq) and –
OH (aq) ions. In order to make water
+
a good conductor of electricity, dilute sulphuric acid is added to water which gives H (aq)
+ 2–
or (H3O ) and SO4 (aq) ions in water. These free ions conduct electricity and speed up
the electrolysis of water.
QUESTION - 04

A light green hydrated salt (X), also known as green vitriol, on heating
loses water of crystallisation and forms anhydrous white salt (Y). This
salt (Y) on further heating produces a reddish-brown solid (Z), a gas
(W) which changes the colour of potassium dichromate solution from
orange to green, and a gas (V) is also formed which is one of the main
agents responsible for acid rain.
1.Identify (X), (Y), (Z), (W), and (V).
QUESTION - 05

What are the changes observed on heating lead nitrate powder?

(i) A crackling sound is heard while thermal decomposition of lead

nitrate and this process is known as decrepitation.
(ii) Brown fumes of nitrogen dioxide are evolved.
(iii) A yellow residue of lead oxide is left behind in the test tube.

Extra Gyaan: PbO is brown when hot, yellow when cold and sticks
to the glass tube.
QUESTION - 06

Write a balanced chemical equation for the following reactions and

also identify their type.
1. Iron nail reacts with a blue coloured CuSO4 solution.
2. Zinc reacts with green coloured FeSO4 solution.
3. Lead nitrate solution reacts with potassium iodide solution.
4. Sodium sulphate solution reacts with barium chloride solution.
QUESTION - 06

Write a balanced chemical equation for the following reactions and

also identify their type.
1. Iron nail reacts with a blue coloured CuSO4 solution.
2. Zinc reacts with green coloured FeSO4 solution.
3. Lead nitrate solution reacts with potassium iodide solution.
4. Sodium sulphate solution reacts with barium chloride solution.
QUESTION - 07

A shiny brown coloured element (X) on heating in the presence of

oxygen forms a black metal oxide (Y). This metal oxide (Y) on reacting
with gas (Z) again converts to metal (X) along with the formation of
steam.
1. Identify (X), (Y) and (Z).
2. Write balanced chemical equations for each case and also identify
their types.
QUESTION - 08

Identify the oxidizing agent (oxidant) in the following reactions.

 FOR CLASS- 10 TH BOARD

CHEMISTRY

ACIDS, BASES AND SALTS

By: Sunil Bhaiya

QUESTION - 01

What will be the colour of sample solutions in the different indicators?

QUESTION - 02

When zinc metal is treated with a dilute solution of a strong acid, a gas
‘X’ evolved, which is utilised in the hydrogenation of vegetable oil. Name
the gas evolved. Write the chemical equation of the reaction involved
and also write a test to detect the gas formed.

Hydrogen gas is evolved in the form of bubbles along

with fizzing and foaming. This is known as effervescence.
QUESTION - 03

When we put a raw egg inside a beaker containing vinegar, there are
bubbles of gas (X).
1. Identify the gas (X).
2. Write a balanced chemical equation for the chemical reaction
taking place.
3. Also, write a test to detect the gas formed.
Carbon dioxide gas is
evolved in the form of
bubbles along with
fizzing and foaming.
This is known as
effervescence.
QUESTION - 03

Turns limewater milky

Excess of carbon dioxide gas

passed through limewater
QUESTION - 04

Answer the following questions:

(a) You have two solutions, A and B. The pH of solution A is 6 and pH of
solution B is 8. Which solution has more hydrogen ion concentration?
Which of these is acidic and which one is basic?
(b) What effect does the concentration of H (aq) ions have on the
+

nature of the solution?

(c) Do basic solutions also have H (aq) ions? If yes, then why are these
+

basic?
QUESTION - 05

A black metal oxide (X) reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to form
another compound (Y) that turns the colour of the solution to blue-
green.
1. Identify (X) and (Y).
2. Write a balanced chemical equation for the chemical reaction
taking place and also identify the type of reaction.
QUESTION - 06

A substance which is used as a drain cleaner is prepared by a process

‘X’. The by-products formed are ‘Y’ and ‘Z’ which are gases. Gas ‘Z’
burns with a pop sound while gas ‘Y’ is used as a disinfectant.
(i) Identify X, Y and Z.
(ii) Write a balanced chemical equation of the above process.
QUESTION - 07

Sodium hydroxide is manufactured in industries by a process (X). In this

process, a gas (Y) is formed as a by-product. This gas reacts with dry
slaked lime to give a compound (Z), which is used as a bleaching
agent in the chemical industry.
1. Identify (X), (Y) and (Z).
2. Write a balanced chemical equation for the chemical reaction that
takes place when (Y) reacts with dry slaked lime.
QUESTION - 08

A white powder is used by doctors to support fractured bones.

1. Write the name and chemical formula of the powder.
2. How is this powder prepared?
3. When this white powder is mixed with water, a hard solid mass is
obtained. Write a balanced chemical equation for the change.

1. Chemical name: Calcium sulphate hemihydrate

Chemical formula: CaSO4.1/2H2O
2. When gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O) is heated in a kiln at 100 °C or 373 K, it loses
three-fourth of its water of crystallisation forming the plaster of Paris.
3.
 FOR CLASS- 10 TH BOARD

CHEMISTRY

METALS AND NON-METALS

By: Sunil Bhaiya

QUESTION - 01

Explain why calcium metals after reacting with cold water starts
floating on its surface. Write the chemical equation for the reaction.

(i) Evolved hydrogen gas doesn’t catch fire.

(ii) The tiny bubbles of hydrogen gas formed stick to the surface of the
calcium, and hence it starts floating on the water.
QUESTION - 02

How do the properties of iron change when it is mixed with:

(i) a small quantity of carbon is mixed in it.
(ii) nickel and chromium are mixed in it.
QUESTION - 03

An element (X) has 1 electron in its M shell. It combines with an element

(Y) having 6 electrons in the L shell to form a compound (Z).
1. Identify (X) and (Y). Also, classify them as metal and/or non-metal.
2. Write the chemical formula of compound (Z) and explain its
formation.
3. Draw the Lewis electron-dot structure for the formation of (Z).
QUESTION - 04

When a silvery gray powder of a solid (A) is mixed with a powdered

solid (B), no reaction occurs. But if the mixture is ignited and lighted
using magnesium ribbon a reaction occurs with the evolution of a large
amount of heat forming product (C) which settles down as liquid metal
and the solid product (D) formed floats on the liquid (C). (C) in solid
form reacts with moist air to form rust.
Based on this information, answer the following questions.
A. Identify A, B, C and D.
QUESTION - 04

When a silvery gray powder of a solid (A) is mixed with a powdered

solid (B), no reaction occurs. But if the mixture is ignited and lighted
using magnesium ribbon a reaction occurs with the evolution of a large
amount of heat forming product (C) which settles down as liquid metal
and the solid product (D) formed floats on the liquid (C). (C) in solid
form reacts with moist air to form rust.
Based on this information, answer the following questions.
B. Write a balanced chemical equation for the process happening.
QUESTION - 04

When a silvery gray powder of a solid (A) is mixed with a powdered

solid (B), no reaction occurs. But if the mixture is ignited and lighted
using magnesium ribbon a reaction occurs with the evolution of a large
amount of heat forming product (C) which settles down as liquid metal
and the solid product (D) formed floats on the liquid (C). (C) in solid
form reacts with moist air to form rust.
Based on this information, answer the following questions.
C. Write one application of the reaction discussed above.

The reaction is therefore used for welding the broken parts of iron
machinery, railway tracks etc. The reaction is known as thermite
reaction.
QUESTION - 05
Differentiate between roasting and calcination with examples.
Roasting
(i) Used for sulphide ore.
(ii) Sulphide ore is strongly heated
in excess of air below the melting
point of metal.
(iii) Metal sulphide + Oxygen ->
Metal oxide + Sulphur dioxide gas
(iv) Sulphur dioxide gas is
evolved.
Calcination
(i) Used for carbonate ore.
(ii) Carbonate ore is strongly
heated in absence of air below
the melting point of metal.
(iii) Metal carbonate -> Metal
oxide + Carbon dioxide gas
(iv) Carbon dioxide gas is evolved.
QUESTION - 06

How copper is obtained from Cu2S. Write the steps and reactions
involved.
Step I and II: Crushing and Grinding of Ore; Concentration of Ore

Step III: Roasting

Step IV: Auto-reduction

Step V: Refining of Metal

QUESTION - 07

A metal that exists as a liquid at room temperature is obtained by

heating its sulphide in the presence of air. Identify the metal and its ore
and give the reaction involved.
Step I and II: Crushing and Grinding of Ore; Concentration of Ore

Step III: Roasting

Step IV: Auto-reduction

Step V: Refining of Metal

 QUESTION - 08

A reddish-brown metal ‘X’ is refined by the process of electrolysis; this

refined form of ‘X’ is used in electrical wiring.
This ability of metal to get converted in the form of wire is called ‘Y’.
(i) Identify ‘X’ and ‘Y’.
(ii) Draw a well-labeled diagram to represent the process of refining ‘X’.
 FOR CLASS- 10 TH BOARD

CHEMISTRY

CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS

By: Sunil Bhaiya

QUESTION - 01

Carbon, Group (14) element in the Periodic Table, is known to form

compounds with many elements. Write an example of a compound
formed with chlorine and oxygen. Also, draw its electron-dot structure.
QUESTION - 02

An aldehyde and ketone are represented by the formula C3H6O. Draw

their structures and identify the relationship between the two in the
language of science.
QUESTION - 03

The table given below shows the hints given by the quiz master in a quiz.

Based on the above hints answer the following questions:

(a) Give the IUPAC names of A and F
QUESTION - 03

The table given below shows the hints given by the quiz master in a quiz.

Based on the above hints answer the following questions:

(b) Illustrate with the help of chemical equations the changes taking
place. (A → C and A → F)
QUESTION - 04

Raina while doing certain reactions observed that heating of substance

‘X’ with vinegar like smell with a substance ‘Y’ (which is used as an
industrial solvent) in presence of conc. Sulphuric acid on a water bath
gives a sweet-smelling liquid ‘Z’ having molecular formula C4H8O2. When
heated with caustic soda (NaOH), ‘Z’ gives back the sodium salt of and
the compound ‘Y’. Identify ‘X’, ‘Y’, and ‘Z’. Illustrate the changes with the
help of suitable chemical equations.
QUESTION - 05

Name the functional group present in the following compounds.

QUESTION - 06

Write the chemical formula and name of the compound which is an active
ingredient of all alcoholic drinks. List its two uses. Write chemical equation and
name of the product formed when this compounds reacts with:
(a) Sodium metal
(b) Hot concentrated sulphuric acid

• Name and formula of compound: Ethanol (CH3CH2OH)

• Uses of ethanol: (i) Used to make rectified spirit. (ii) Used to make blended
petrol.
(a)

(b)
QUESTION - 07

Why are certain compounds called hydrocarbons? Write the general formula
for homologous series of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes and also draw the
structure of the first member of the each series. Write the name of reaction
that converts alkenes into alkanes and also write a chemical equation to show
the necessary conditions for the reaction to occur.

(a) Those compounds are made from hydrogen and carbon.

(b) General formula of alkanes (CnH2n+2), alkenes (CnH2n) and alkynes (CnH2n-2).
(c) Methane, Ethene and Ethyne
(d) Catalytic hydrogenation is used to convert alkene to alkane.
QUESTION - 08

An element X which is most abundant gas in atmosphere exists as a

diatomic molecule and combines with hydrogen at 773 K in presence of
the catalyst to form a compound, ammonia which has a characteristic
pungent smell.
(a) Identify the element X. How many valence electrons does it have?
(b) Draw the electron dot structure of the diatomic molecule of X. What
type of bond is formed in it?
(c) Draw the electron dot structure for ammonia and what type of bond
is formed in it?
QUESTION - 09

A compound C (molecular formula, C2H4O2 ) reacts with Na - metal to

form a compound R and evolves a gas which burns with a pop sound.
Compound C on treatment with an alcohol A in presence of an acid
forms a sweet smelling compound S (molecular formula, C3H6O2 ). On
addition of NaOH to C, it also gives R and water. S on treatment with
NaOH solution gives back R and A. Identify C, R, A, S and write down the
reactions involved.
QUESTION - 09

A compound C (molecular formula, C2H4O2 ) reacts with Na - metal to

form a compound R and evolves a gas which burns with a pop sound.
Compound C on treatment with an alcohol A in presence of an acid
forms a sweet smelling compound S (molecular formula, C3H6O2 ). On
addition of NaOH to C, it also gives R and water. S on treatment with
NaOH solution gives back R and A. Identify C, R, A, S and write down the
reactions involved.