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Textbook Elite Education and Internationalisation From The Early Years To Higher Education 1St Edition Claire Maxwell Ebook All Chapter PDF
Textbook Elite Education and Internationalisation From The Early Years To Higher Education 1St Edition Claire Maxwell Ebook All Chapter PDF
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Elite Education
&
Internationalisation
v
vi Contents
Index369
List of Figures
ix
List of Tables
Table 5.1 Degrees held by native and (in brackets) all top managers
(CEOs, presidents) of the 100 largest companies in France,
the UK, Japan and the USA (in per cent) 79
Table 5.2 Internationality of top managers (CEOs, presidents) of
the 100 largest companies in Germany, France, the UK,
China, Japan and the USA (in per cent) 81
Table 5.3 Degrees held by native and (in brackets) all top managers
(CEOs, presidents) of the 100 largest companies in France,
the UK, Japan and the USA (in per cent) 85
Table 9.1 Snapshot of quality rating against provider type 147
Table 9.2 ACECQA ratings by location 148
Table 16.1 Number of AvH and DAAD grant holders per university
2009–2013264
Table 19.1 Bilingual kindergartens in Germany over time 313
Table 19.2 Bilingual primary schools in Germany over time 314
Table 19.3 UNESCO and European schools in Germany over time 315
Table 19.4 Bilingual kindergartens in selected cities 318
xi
CHAPTER 1
U. Deppe (*)
Zentrum für Schul- und Bildungsforschung, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-
Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
C. Maxwell
UCL Institute of Education, University College London, London, UK
H.-H. Krüger
Institut für Pädagogik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg,
Halle, Germany
W. Helsper
Institut für Schulpädagogik und Grundschuldidaktik, Martin-Luther-Universität
Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
and corporatisation have been examined in some detail and have demon-
strated long-term impacts worldwide (Ball 2012a; Spring 2015). While
these effects have been observed across universities and secondary school-
ing, there are also indications that early-year education and care, as well as
primary schooling, are also being caught up, albeit unevenly, in the cross-
hairs of these processes (Krüger et al. 2012; Forsey et al. 2008; Press and
Woodrow 2005; van Zanten 2007, 2009). We are seeking, through this
book, to consider how these longer-standing influences are now intersect-
ing with processes of internationalisation to shift or further embed pro-
cesses of stratification.
Taking a focus across education phases is also critical, as a long-term
perspective in understanding the outcomes of elite education and the
routes into elite positions is necessary. Nespor (2014), drawing on
research on elite bankers in the USA, argues we need to examine trajec-
tories of elite bankers from their starting point—within families—through
the various educational institutions attended, into their final socio-eco-
nomic and employment position. Nespor identifies at least four long-
term strategies that successfully led people into elite positions:
“institutional wormholes, biographically entrained field structures, quasi-
school structures, and inter-generational folding” (Nespor 2014: 32 ff.;
see also Waldow 2014; Gessaghi and Méndez 2015; Khan 2015; van
Zanten 2015). These strategies and structures imply that the production
of elites is not bound to just one elite education institution, but is a
socialisation process that starts from birth. The concept of a series of
wormholes that exist between institutions which people move through
from infancy into adulthood, argues that there are links between families
and education spaces which concertedly cultivate particular orientations
and produce worldviews that led people to taking up certain elite posi-
tions. “Parents fight over elite pre-school placements and access to selec-
tive secondary schools that are seen as part of obligatory paths to
admission at an Ivy League university” and in “some cases, the worm-
holes extend through the university into specific forms of work” (Nespor
2014: 32). By examining processes of internationalisation found within
different education settings—from the early years to higher education—
and across different countries, we anticipate this book will begin to fur-
ther illustrate how internationalisation is intimately linked to the
construction of elite identities of institutions and students, and how these
might be cultivated through and across the trajectories of students, and
across different places and spaces.
ELITE EDUCATION AND INTERNATIONALISATION—FROM THE EARLY... 9
and France respectively) are still relevant theoretical resources for research
into the potential impact of internationalisation on elite education.
In stark contrast, Jane Kenway’s work starts from a position that pro-
cesses of internationalisation are critical, especially within elite education,
given the complex production of desire found within this sphere (Kenway
et al. 2013, 2017). In the chapter she has written for this book, Kenway
draws on Frederic Lordon’s (2014) synthesis of Spinoza and Marx to
more carefully analyse the various ways desires are produced by the actors
involved in elite schooling and the sometimes contradictory positions
their roles as “emotional engineers” might put them in. She argues that
elite schools are now responding to the increasing transnational mobility
of highly resourced families. The changing orientations of the schools and
the social groups seeking an internationally available elite education are, in
turn, potentially affecting the constitution of class formation at a regional
and even global level (Kenway et al. 2017).
Reinhard Kreckel offers the reader a summary and some important
reflections in his closing commentary for the first section. He highlights
clearly how different theoretical approaches affect the interpretations
offered by the contributors, as well as emphasising that education alone
does not solely determine who the elites are today. Kreckel argues, there-
fore, that the formation, alteration and expansion of education provision
within and across national systems must be framed within broader socio-
logical understandings of the flow of power and structuring of social rela-
tions today.
The subsequent sections of the book focus on the various stages of the
education trajectory—from early childhood care and education, to pri-
mary education, into secondary schooling and finally higher education.
These sections have been structured to offer first an analysis of the German
context, after which another academic/group of researchers offer an
examination of another national context, in order to facilitate a compari-
son of similarities and differences within this phase of education. Each
section is brought to a close by a set of reflections offered by a key scholar
in the field of education, where they consider the main theoretical, empiri-
cal and methodological possibilities and challenges for such work.
Notes
1. The research group 1612 “Mechanisms of elite formation in the German
education system” is funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG)
and includes six specific projects examining stratification processes in the
German education system from early childhood into the university level, as
well as a coordinating team who are examining the broader issues emerging
from the focused projects. The research group is based at the Martin-
Luther-University Halle- Wittenberg and Albert-Ludwigs-University
Freiburg, Germany.
2. We are grateful to Heiko Kastner and Paul Nicolas Scholz, from the coordi-
nating team of the broader research group (see above), for their support
during the editing process to ensure all contributions were properly
formatted.
References
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Ball, S. J. (2012a). Global Education Inc. London: Routledge.
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Ball, S. J., & Nikita, D. P. (2014). The global middle class and school choice: A cos-
mopolitan sociology. In H.-H. Krüger & W. Helsper (Eds.), Elite und Exzellenz
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ELITE EDUCATION AND INTERNATIONALISATION—FROM THE EARLY... 19
Mutta nyt palasivat pojat — mukanaan nuori tyttö, jota hän opetti.
14.
Hän ei liikahtanut.
Oli kuin ei hän olisi kuullut mitä Thora sanoi eikä ollenkaan
käsittänyt että heidän nyt piti erota.
Sitten hän nosti sen ja hänen silmiinsä tuli kylmä välähdys. Hän
puhui aluksi kuiskaten, mutta sitten hänen äänensä kävi
luonnottoman lujaksi:
Kotiin Arvidin luo oli hänen lähdettävä. Mutta nyt oli siellä hiljaista
— ei mitään kiihtymystä, ei naurua ja puuhaa ja touhua! — —
Hänen kävi niin sääliksi Arvidia siksi että hän oli kuollut. Hän, joka
oli niin nauttinut elämästä! Olisi ollut parempi, jos tuo olisi sattunut
Samuel Sternille, — ja vielä mieluummin hänelle itselleen. Taivaan
Jumala, jos hän jo olisikin kuollut!… Ei, niin hyvää ei hänelle suotu.
Nyt piti hänen varustautua ottamaan kaikki vastaan, kaikki, mitä
hänellä oli kaduttavaa kuluneilta päiviltä ja vuosilta. Nyt kiusaisi se
häntä alati, loppumattomasti.
*****
Kun hän tuli veräjälle, oli siellä joku, joka aukaisi hänelle ja jäi
seisomaan tervehtäen vaieten ja kunnioittavasti.
Longfellow.
15.
Mutta niinpä olikin jo viisi vuotta kulunut siitä, kun täällä ensi
kerran satuttiin yhteen.
Oli toisia, jotka yrittivät yhä edelleen kutsua häntä lehtoriksi, mutta
se ei käynyt päinsä, sillä oltuaan kolme vuotta yliopettaja, oli hän nyt
tullut rehtoriksi. Hänen ulkonainen arvokkaisuutensa oli lisääntynyt,
— ja samaten huolenpito hänen ympäristöstänsä. Se oli käynyt
jonkinmoiseksi kaitselmukseksi. Tuo vaivannäkö tuntui hänestä
itsestään aivan luonnolliselta. Hänhän tiesi niin hyvin, millaiset
ihmisten pitäisi olla.
Hän oli varsin uskollisesti ollut täällä joka vuosi, mutta oli harvoin
tullut ennenkuin kesäkauden lopulla. Tämä johtui muutetusta
metsästysajasta.
Mutta rouva Iversen tiesi kertoa, että juuri tänä vuonna tulisi rouva
Thammers erään nuoren sukulaisensa kanssa. Rouva Iversen tiesi
sen aivan varmalta taholta. Keväällä oli hän ollut Bergenissä ja oli
silloin käynyt rouva Thammersin luona, joka everstin kuoltua oli
jäänyt kovin yksinäiseksi. Hänen tyttärensä oli naimisissa Saksassa,
ja hänen poikansa oli keskeyttänyt lukunsa ja saanut paikan jossakin
kauppahuoneessa Lontoossa. Nyt oli rouva Thammers ottanut
luoksensa miehensä nuoren veljentyttären. Oli oikein liikuttavaa
nähdä, kuinka hän piti everstin muistoa kunniassa. Nuoresta
Dyvekestä oli eversti pitänyt hyvin paljon, ja nyt ei rouva Thammers
tiennyt, kuinka hemmottelisi häntä.
Rouva Iversen kertoi edelleen tuosta nuoresta tytöstä, että hän oli
viehättävin ilmiö, mitä voi nähdä. Mutta lääkärit olivat huolissaan
hänestä ja tahtoivat saada hänet tänne parantolaan. Hänellä oli ollut
kolme sisarusta, jotka kaikki olivat saaneet keuhkotaudin
kahdeksantoista ja kahdenkymmenen vaiheilla ja kuolleet lyhyen
ajan kuluessa. Nyt toivottiin että vuori-ilmasto pelastaisi Dyveken.
Toiset naisista alkoivat puhua rouva Harderista, joka oli ollut täällä
alkukesän.
*****
Pian nähtiin, että rouva Iversen tällä kertaa oli ollut oikeassa.
Ruustinna, joka oli hänen lähin naapurinsa, oli ollut sisällä häntä
tervehtimässä.
*****
Näytti tosiaankin siltä, kuin Dyveke pitäisi sanansa. Ei ollut kulunut
kuin pari päivää, kun hän jo oli kaikkien suosikki.
Hän irroitti veneen ja jätti sen aivan rantaan. Pieni polku johti
tiheän lehtimetsän kautta ylös rannasta. Nyt harjoitteli Dyveke
juoksemaan metsän kautta mäkeä alas ja loikkaamaan veneeseen,
niin että se kiisi kauas järvelle.