PROBLEM 8.

67
Situation: A model of a spillway is built at a 1/25 scale–additional details are
provided in the problem statement.
Find:
(a) Water discharge in model for dynamic similarity.
(b) Force on the prototype.

APPROACH
Dynamic similitude based on matching pressure coefficients and Froude numbers.

ANALYSIS
Match pressure coefficients
Cpm = Cpp ; (∆p/ρV 2 )m = (∆p/ρV 2 )p
∆pm /∆pp = (ρm /ρp )(Vm /Vp )2
Multiply both sides of Eq. (1) by Am /Ap = L2m /L2p
(∆pm Am )/(∆pp Ap ) = (ρm /ρp )(Lm /Lp )2 (Vm /Vp )2
Fm
= (ρm /ρp )(Lm /Lp )2 (Vm /Vp )2 (1)
Fp
Match Froude number s
Vm Lm
= (2)
Vp Lp
Eliminate Vm /Vp from Eqs. (1) and (2)
µ ¶µ ¶3
Fp ρp Lp
=
Fm ρm Lm
µ ¶ µ ¶3
1 25
Fp = (22 N)
1 1
= 344.8 N
Fp = 345 N
Multiply both sides of Eq. (2) by Am /Ap = L2m /L2p
µ ¶5/2
Vm L2m Lm
=
Vp L2p Lp
µ ¶5/2
Qm Lm
=
Qp Lp
µ ¶
¡ 3
¢ 1 5/2
Qm = 150 m / s
25
= 0.048 m3 / s

717
Match Froude number

q
Vp /Vm = Lp /Lm
Qm /Qp = (Lm /Lp )5/2
Qm = 150 × (1/25)5/2 = 0.048 m3 /s

From solution to Prob. 8.66 we have:

Fp = Fm (ρp /ρm )(Lp /Lm )3

= 22(1/1)(25)3 = 344 kN

718
PROBLEM 8.68
Situation: A scale model of a dam will be constructed in a laboratory.
Find: The largest feasible scale ratio.

ANALYSIS
Check the scale ratio as dictated by Qm /Qp (see Problem 8.64)

Qm /Qp = 0.90/5, 000 = (Lm /Lp )5/2

or

Lm /Lp = 0.0318
Then with this scale ratio

Lm = 0.0318 × 1, 200 m = 38.1 m

Wm = 0.0318 × 300 m = 9.53 m

Therefore, model will fit into the available space, so use

Lm /Lp = 1/31.4 = 0.0318

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PROBLEM 8.69
Situation: A scale model of a ship is tested in a towing tank–additional details are
provided in the problem statement.
Find: Speed for the prototype that corresponds to the model test.

APPROACH
Dynamic similarity based on Froude number.

ANALYSIS
Match Froude number
p p
Vm / gm Lm = Vp / gp Lp
p p
Vp = Vm Lp / Lm
= (4 ft/s) (150/4)1/2
Vp =24.5 ft/s

720
PROBLEM 8.70
Situation: A scale model (1/25) of a ship is described in the problem statement.
Find: (a) Velocity of the prototype.
(b) Wave resistance of the prototype.

ANALYSIS
Follow the solution procedure of Prob. 8.66:

q √
Vm /Vp = Lm /Lp ; Vp = 5 × 25 = 25 ft/s
Fm /Fp = (Lm /Lp )3 ; Fp = 2(25)3 = 31,250 lbf

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