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Textbook Hedge Funds 1St Edition H Kent Baker Ebook All Chapter PDF
Textbook Hedge Funds 1St Edition H Kent Baker Ebook All Chapter PDF
Kent Baker
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i
Hedge Funds
FINANCIAL MARKETS AND INVESTMENTS SERIES
H. Kent Baker and Greg Filbeck, Series Editors
Hedge Funds
STRUC TUR E , S TR ATE GIE S , A ND P E RF ORMA NC E
H. KENT BAKER
and
GREG FILBECK
1
1
Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers
the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education
by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University
Press in the UK and certain other countries.
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Printed by Sheridan Books, Inc., United States of America
v
Contents
v
vi Co ntents
C on t e n t s vii
List of Figures
ix
x L i s t of F i gures
L is t of F ig u re s xi
List of Tables
xiii
xiv L i s t of Ta b les
Acknowledgments
Publishing a book is a team effort. We want to provide special thanks to the following
parties. First, the anonymous reviewers of our book proposal provided helpful com-
ments that led to refining our proposal.
Second, we greatly appreciate the outstanding work of the chapter authors in shar-
ing their considerable knowledgeable and experience. Writing and rewriting a chapter
require considerable time and effort. As Mark Twain notes, “The difference between the
almost right word and the right word is really a large matter. ’Tis the difference between
the lightning bug and the lightning.”
Marty Rubin states: “Only the blank page needs no editing.” Our role as editors was
to work with the authors to produce the best work possible. Therefore, based on our
edits and comments, most authors rewrote their chapters at least twice. Auliq Ice states
our philosophy well: “Rather than trying to reinvent the wheel, build on to that which
is already excellent.”
Third, our partners at Oxford University Press performed in the same highly profes-
sional manner that they have throughout the Financial Markets and Investments Series.
Scott Parris and Cathryn Vaulman helped steer the book through the early stages of the
process. We also thank David McBride (Editor-in-Chief for the Social Sciences), David
Pervin (Senior Editor), Anne Dillinger (Associate Editor), Emily Mackenzie (Editorial
Assistant, Economics and Finance), Rajakumari Ganessin (Project Manager), Richard
Isomaki (Copyeditor), and Claudie Peterfreund (Indexer). These are just a few of the
people who played important roles in this book project.
Fourth, we appreciate the support provided by our respective institutions—the
Kogod School of Business at American University and the Black School of Business at
Penn State Behrend. Finally, our families provided encouragement and we dedicate the
book to them: Linda and Rory Baker; and Mickey, Judy, Janis, Aaron, Andrea, Kyle, and
Grant Filbeck.
xv
xvi
H. Kent Baker, CFA, CMA, is University Professor of Finance in the Kogod School
of Business at American University. Professor Baker is an author or editor of 28 books
including Investment Traps Exposed: Navigating Investor Mistakes and Behavioral, Investor
Behavior: The Psychology of Financial Planning and Investing, Behavioral Finance: Investors,
Corporations, and Markets, Portfolio Theory and Management, Survey Research in Corporate
Finance, and Understanding Financial Management: A Practical Guide. As one of the most
prolific finance academics, he has published more than 165 peer-reviewed articles in
such outlets as the Journal of Finance, Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis,
Financial Management, Financial Analysts Journal, Journal of Portfolio Management, and
Harvard Business Review. He has consulting and training experience with more than 100
organizations. Professor Baker holds a BSBA from Georgetown University; MEd, MBA,
and DBA degrees from the University of Maryland; and an MA, MS, and two PhDs
from American University.
Greg Filbeck, CFA, FRM, CAIA, CIPM, PRM, holds the Samuel P. Black III Professor
of Finance and Risk Management at Penn State Behrend, and serves as the Director for
the Black School of Business. He formerly served as Senior Vice-President of Kaplan
Schweser and held academic appointments at Miami University and the University of
Toledo, where he served as the Associate Director of the Center for Family Business.
Professor Filbeck is an author or editor of five books and has published more than 90
refereed academic journal articles in the Financial Analysts Journal, Financial Review, and
Journal of Business, Finance, and Accounting, among others. Professor Filbeck holds and
conducts training worldwide for candidates for the CFA, FRM, and CAIA designations.
Professor Filbeck holds a BS from Murray State University, an MS from Penn State
University, and a DBA from the University of Kentucky.
xvii
xxi
Oreste Auleta is the Head of Wrapping and Product Management at Eurizon Capital
SGR. After being in the economic consultancy sector in London, he entered the asset
management industry, where he held positions as head of third parties’ fund selection
and of multibrand products management, head of management of asset allocation global
products, and head of multiasset products management. He joined Eurizon Capital in
2010 as the Head of Asset Allocation and Manager Selection and became the head of
the Wrapping and Product Management area in 2011. He has authored a chapter on
mutual fund risk. Mr. Auleta received a degree in business from La Sapienza University
in Rome and an MS in quantitative economics from CORIPE Piemonte and an MS in
economics from Birkbeck College in London.
Christopher J. Barnes is an independent financial consultant. Most recently, he served
as an Associate Director in Equity Research at Oppenheimer & Co., focusing on the
consumer lifestyle sector. Before joining Oppenheimer, Mr. Barnes held a similar
position at Needham & Company, working as an Equity Research Associate following
the consumer leisure and lifestyle sector. Before Needham & Company, he was an
analyst at J. P. Morgan working in the Global Rates and FX Derivatives division. Mr.
Barnes graduated from Hofstra University and holds a BBA in finance with high honors.
Paul-Henri Bayart-De-Germont is an Investment Manager at Architas Multi Manager.
He supports senior investment managers in day-to-day management of portfolios, idea
generation, and preparation of monthly investment committees. His role involves the
exposure to equity, bonds, alternative, and flexible funds of funds. He also covers research
and investment due diligence on hedge fund strategies. Before joining Architas, he was
responsible for hedge fund research at BIL Investment Management in Luxembourg
and also worked at Amundi Alternative Investments in Chicago and New York as a
hedge fund analyst. He has the IMC certificate and is a CAIA charterholder.
Monica Billio is Full Professor of Econometrics in the Department of Economics at the
Ca’ Foscari University of Venice. She has published more than 100 technical papers in
refereed journals, handbooks, and conference proceedings in the areas of econometrics
and financial econometrics, with applications to risk measurement, volatility modeling,
hedge funds, financial crisis, and systemic risk. Professor Billio participates in many
research projects financed by the European Commission, Eurostat, and the Italian
xix
xx A b o ut the Co ntr ibutor s
Before commencing her doctoral studies, Ms. Ge worked in the hedge fund industry
in Toronto, Canada. Her career objective is to explore the yet unresolved questions in
corporate finance and contribute to the field of financial economics. Ms. Ge’s research
interests are in shareholder activism, mergers and acquisitions, corporate governance,
venture capital, and corporate financial policies. In her spare time, she enjoys learning
traditional Chinese painting and reading autobiographies. Ms. Ge has an undergraduate
degree in economics from Shanghai, and an MBA specializing in finance from Canada.
Gaurav Gupta is an analyst at OpenLink Financial. Before joining OpenLink, he worked
as data analyst at Cablevision Systems Corporation and as a manager at his father’s steel
manufacturing plant in India. He has published in the Journal of International Business
and Law. He invests in capital markets as a hobby. He received a bachelor’s degree in
biotechnology engineering from Panjab University and an MBA in finance and business
analytics from Hofstra University. He is a CFA Level III candidate and a member of Beta
Gamma Sigma Honor Society.
David Hampton is principal of DE Hampton, an NFA-registered CTA. He is also a
partner with DarbyshireHampton, a partnership focused on alternative investments,
education, and providing quantitative solutions to the fund of hedge funds and
alternative investment industry. As a specialist in hedge fund asset pricing, risk
management, and computation, he lectured in financial engineering, risk management,
and software courses at the postgraduate level at Skema and EDHEC business schools.
He helped design the highly rated range of MSc in finance programs at EDHEC Business
School, where he directed the five master’s programs as Assistant Dean of the Financial
Economics Track. He has an MBA from the ISG Business School in Paris and a PhD
in electrical and electronic engineering from Queen’s University of Belfast, United
Kingdom.
Hunter M. Holzhauer is the UC Foundation Assistant Professor of Finance at the
University of Tennessee, Chattanooga, where he teaches classes in managerial finance,
portfolio management, investments, and behavioral finance. His financial industry
experience includes positions as a credit analyst with Colonial Bank and a financial
planner and fixed-income portfolio manager with AmSouth Bank. Professor Holzhauer
has published 11 papers on such topics as alternative investments, socially responsible
investing, risk management, and behavioral finance. His research has been published
in several academic journals, including multiple papers with the Journal of Investing
and the Journal of Applied Finance. He has also written several chapters in books on
investment subjects, including mutual funds, risk management, and hedge funds.
Professor Holzhauer received a BS in business administration and biopsychology from
Birmingham-Southern College, an MBA from Mississippi State University, and a PhD
from the University of Alabama.
Ashrafee (Ash) T. Hossain is Assistant Professor of Finance at the Faculty of Business
Administration of Memorial University of Newfoundland. Before his career at academia,
he worked as a financial analyst. Professor Hossain’s research interests include corporate
finance, corporate governance, financial regulations, mergers and acquisitions,
executive compensation, small-medium enterprises, corporate social responsibility,
and sustainability. He has published in such journals as the Journal of Management and
xxiv A b o ut the Contr ibutor s
Governance, Review of Financial Economics, and Journal of Accounting and Finance. The
Globe and Mail cited his work on small-medium enterprises. Professor Hossain received
a BS and MBA from Virginia Tech and a PhD from the John Molson School of Business
at Concordia University. He is also a CFA candidate and will receive his charter upon
completing the work experience requirement.
Claus Huber , CEFA, CFA, FRM, is founder and Managing Director of Rodex Risk
Advisers, a risk management consultancy. He developed the investment and risk
management process for a fund of liquid alternatives in UCITS format and is the
cofounder of DeinAnlageberater.ch and DeinAnlageberater.de, two robo- advisors
catering to Swiss and German clients. Dr. Huber’s prior roles include Head of
Alternative Investment Risk Management at Swiss Re Zurich, Chief Risk Officer at
Credaris Portfolio Management, London, Credit Strategist and Hedge Fund Analyst
at Deutsche Bank in Frankfurt/Main, research associate at the University of Bremen/
Germany, and bond trader at Bankgesellschaft Berlin. Dr. Huber holds a diploma from
the University of Bamberg and a Dr. rer. pol. degree in financial econometrics from the
University of Bremen.
Daniel Imfeld is owner and founder of RFM Dr. Imfeld, Risk and Finance Management.
Since 2002, he has served as an independent adviser and project manager in enterprise-
wide, financial and operational risk- and-control management. He consults for
financial services companies and serves as an external risk manager for several SME
financial institutions. Since 2013, Dr. Imfeld has been board member and partner of
Ariadne Software and Ariadne Business Analytics (www.ariadne.swiss), an initiative
developing a new generation of risk and finance analytics infrastructure for financial
institutions. Previously, he worked for a large reinsurer in Zurich and New York and as
an industry and finance specialist focusing on integrated risk management, risk analysis,
quantification, and risk valuation. He also worked at the Economics Department of the
Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich. Dr. Imfeld holds a PhD in economic history
and economics from the University of Zurich.
Sofia Johan is an Adjunct of Finance at York University. Her research examines venture
capital, private equity, hedge funds, and law and finance. She is the author of more than
40 refereed journal articles in the Journal of International Business Studies, Journal of
Banking and Finance, and Journal of Corporate Finance, among others. She is also the
coauthor of Hedge Fund Structure, Regulation and Performance around the World (Oxford
University Press, 2013) with Douglas Cumming and Na Dai, and Venture Capital and
Private Equity Contracting: An International Perspective (Elsevier Science Academic
Press, 2013, 2nd ed.) with Douglas Cumming. She received a PhD from Tilburg
University.
Wulf A. Kaal is an Associate Professor of Law at the University of St. Thomas School of
Law. His theoretical and empirical research focuses on financial and regulatory policy.
Before entering academia, he worked at Cravath, Swaine & Moore and Goldman Sachs.
He has published about 50 articles appearing in the Journal of Alternative Investments,
Business Lawyer, Minnesota Law Review, Washington & Lee Law Review, and Wake Forest
Law Review, among many others. His study on the effects of hedge fund registration
under the Dodd-Frank Act gained national attention and is cited in various media
xv
outlets. He is the author or editor of several books and book chapters. Professor Kaal
has also been a consultant to major corporations and hedge funds. He received a PhD
in law and economics from Humboldt Universität in Berlin, Germany, LLM and JD
degrees from the University of Illinois College of Law, and an MBA from Durham
University in the United Kingdom.
Rachel (Kyungyeon) Koh is a PhD candidate in Isenberg School of Management,
University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Her main research interests are in empirical
asset pricing and hedge funds. Her career objective is to explore unresolved questions
and puzzles in the asset-pricing literature and to become a good teacher in finance. She
joined Isenberg in 2013 after receiving a BA in economics from Cornell University.
Timothy A. Krause is Assistant Professor and the Director of the Intrieri Family
Student Managed Fund at the Black School of Business at Penn State Behrend. He
spent 20 years in the financial services industry as an investments professional at
Zecco Trading, Vector Capital Markets, BNP Paribas, and Bank of America. He has
taught undergraduate and MBA finance courses at University of Texas–San Antonio;
Pepperdine University; and St. Edward’s University. His research and teaching interests
include investments, derivatives, risk management, financial institutions, and markets.
His research appears in leading finance journals such as the Journal of Derivatives, Applied
Financial Economics, International Journal of Accounting and Information Management, and
Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting. He received both a BA in government/
economics and an MBA in finance from Georgetown University and a PhD in finance
from the University of Texas, San Antonio.
Paul Lajbcygier is Associate Professor at Monash University. His research focuses
on computational finance, investments, asset pricing, and market microstructure.
Professor Lajbcygier previously held appointments at the University of Oxford,
New York University’s Stern School of Business, and London Business School. He
has published in such journals the Journal of Banking and Finance, Journal of Portfolio
Management, IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, and Journal of Business Ethics.
Since 1990, Professor Lajbcygier has provided investment advice for various domestic
and international funds managers, banks, and hedge funds. His work is widely cited in
the international press, including the Chicago Tribune, Reuters, South China Morning
Post, Bloomberg, Chief Investment Officer Magazine, CNBC, and International Business
Times. He received a BSc from Melbourne University and a PhD from Monash
University.
François-Serge Lhabitant is the Chief Executive and Chief Investment Officer of
Kedge Capital, where he oversees more than $6 billion of capital (mostly proprietary)
invested in financial markets. He is also Professor of Finance at the EDHEC Business
School (France) and a Visiting Professor at the Hong Kong University of Science and
Technology. Professor Lhabitant is the author of several books and articles in the areas
of risk management, asset management, alternative investments (hedge funds and
commodities), tax law, and emerging markets. He holds an engineering degree from
the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, a BSc in economics, a MSc in banking and
finance, and a PhD in finance from the University of Lausanne, and a LLM in tax law
from the University of Geneva.
xxvi A b o ut the Contr ibutor s
Joseph McBride is Associate in Applied Data and Research at Trepp and a key leader of
the firm’s CMBS and CRE research and analysis initiatives. Mr. McBride works closely
with banks looking to build stress-testing models and loan scorecards using Trepp CRE
loan data and leads Trepp’s internal public relations team. He is also one of Trepp’s
trusted press contacts providing data, commentary, and analysis about the U.S. CMBS
and CRE markets to financial publications such as Crain’s, the Wall Street Journal, and
various regional business journals. Mr. McBride holds a BS and MBA in finance from
Fordham University.
William R. McCumber is Assistant Professor of Finance at Louisiana Tech University
in Ruston, Louisiana. Before his career in academia, he was a fund manager investing in
private equity and managed futures projects. His research interests include hedge funds,
financial networks, institutions, and syndicated lending. He has spoken internationally
on financial networks and network methodologies. The College of Business at Louisiana
Tech recognized him as Teacher of the Year in 2015. Professor McCumber received a
PhD in finance from the University of Arkansas.
Christopher Milliken , CFA, is Vice President of Hennion & Walsh Asset Management’s
Portfolio Management Program. Hennion & Walsh is a Registered Investment Advisory
firm that uses exchange-traded funds to construct investment strategies. Mr. Milliken
works under the chief investment officer and conducts research on capital markets and
asset allocation strategy while overseeing the sales and trading desk. He received a BS in
business administration with a focus in finance from Marist College and is a member of
the CFA Institute and New York Society of Securities Analysts.
Ehsan Nikbakht , CFA, FRM, is Professor of Finance in the Frank G. Zarb School of
Business at Hofstra University and previously served as department chair and Associate
Dean. He served on the Advisory Board of the International Association of Financial
Engineers and Chair of Derivatives Committee of the New York Society of Security
Analysts. Professor Nikbakht currently serves on the editorial board of Global Finance
Journal. He has published in Journal of Applied Finance, Financial Decisions, Global
Finance Journal, and other refereed journals, and also authored Finance, published by
Barron’s and Foreign Loans and Economic Performance. Professor Nikbakht received a
BA from the Tehran School of Business, an MBA from the Iran Center for Management
Studies, and a DBA in finance from George Washington University.
Phillip Njoroge is Assistant Professor in Accounting in the Craig E. Wall College
of Business at Coastal Carolina University. He previously taught at the University of
Memphis, Lambuth, and the University of Memphis. During this time, he received a
teaching award for the development and delivery of a course in accounting information
systems. He has also taught classes in financial reporting at both the graduate and
undergraduate levels. His research interests include bondholder-shareholder conflict
and financial reporting quality. He received an undergraduate degree from Middle
Tennessee State University and a master’s and PhD in accounting from the University
of Memphis.
Dale A. Oesterle is the J. Gilbert Reese Chair of Law at the Michael E. Moritz College
of Law at the Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio. He has also held a chaired
xxvi
position at the University of Colorado School of Law, and a full professor position at
Cornell University in New York. He was one of the early authors focusing on hedge fund
regulation. Professor Oesterle authored the textbook Law of Mergers and Acquisitions
(4th ed.). He holds a BA, MPP, and JD from the University of Michigan.
Jyotsaana Parajuli is an Audit Assistant at Deloitte & Touche. Originally from
Kathmandu, Nepal, Ms. Parajuli came to the United States to further her studies.
Though working in the private sector, she actively pursues a research agenda. Her
interests include corporate governance, capital markets and institutions, and financial
reporting. She received her BS in finance and her master’s in public accountancy from
Louisiana Tech University.
Loriana Pelizzon is Program Director of the Research Centre SAFE Systemic Risk
Lab and SAFE Full Professor at Goethe University Frankfurt, Chair of Law and
Finance, part-time Full Professor of Economics at the Ca’ Foscari University of Venice,
and Research Affiliate at MIT Sloan. Her research interests are on risk measurement
and management, asset allocation and household portfolios, hedge funds, financial
institutions, systemic risk, and financial crisis. Professor Pelizzon received several
best-paper awards at conferences and teaching awards at the Ca’ Foscari University
of Venice. She frequently advises banks, pension funds, and government agencies on
risk measurement/management strategies. Professor Pelizzon received a doctorate in
finance from the London Business School.
Dianna C. Preece , CFA, is Professor of Finance at the University of Louisville where
she has taught for more than 20 years. She teaches corporate finance, investments,
and financial markets and institutions at the undergraduate level and MBA courses in
corporate finance and investments. Professor Preece also teaches in several banking
schools, including Business of Banking schools for the American Bankers Association,
the Kentucky School of Banking, and the Iowa School of Banking. She has published in
such journals as the Journal of Banking and Finance and Journal of Business Finance and
Accounting. Professor Preece received a DBA from the University of Kentucky.
Nan Qin is Assistant Professor of Finance in the College of Business Northern Illinois
University. Professor Qin’s primarily research area is empirical asset pricing. His research
focuses on market efficiency, high-frequency trading, indexing, mutual funds, trading
strategies, and idiosyncratic risk of stock returns. He has published in Management
Science and Financial Management. His research has been presented at or accepted
by national and international conferences of the European Finance Association and
Financial Management Association. Professor Qin has a BE in computer science
from Xi’an Jiaotong University (China), an MS in financial engineering from Temple
University, and a PhD in finance from Virginia Tech.
Samir Saadi is Assistant Professor of Finance at Telfer School of Management,
University of Ottawa. He was a Visiting Scholar at New York University and a Visiting
Researcher at INSEAD. His research interests include corporate social investing and
responsibilities, mergers and acquisitions, and initial public offerings. Along with
several book chapters, he has published more than 30 academic papers in such journals
as Financial Management, Journal of Corporate Finance, Journal of Banking and Finance,
xxviii A b o ut the Contr ibutor s