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 Sakae Yamamoto (Ed.)

Human Interface
and the Management
LNCS 9173

of Information
Information and Knowledge in Context
17th International Conference, HCI International 2015
Los Angeles, CA, USA, August 2–7, 2015
Proceedings, Part II

HCI 2015
International

123
Lecture Notes in Computer Science 9173
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More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/7409
Sakae Yamamoto (Ed.)

Human Interface
and the Management
of Information
Information and Knowledge in Context
17th International Conference, HCI International 2015
Los Angeles, CA, USA, August 2–7, 2015
Proceedings, Part II

123
Editor
Sakae Yamamoto
Tokyo University of Science
Tokyo
Japan

ISSN 0302-9743 ISSN 1611-3349 (electronic)

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 Foreword

The 17th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, HCI International

2015, was held in Los Angeles, CA, USA, during 2–7 August 2015. The event
incorporated the 15 conferences/thematic areas listed on the following page.
A total of 4843 individuals from academia, research institutes, industry, and gov-
ernmental agencies from 73 countries submitted contributions, and 1462 papers and
246 posters have been included in the proceedings. These papers address the latest
research and development efforts and highlight the human aspects of design and use of
computing systems. The papers thoroughly cover the entire field of Human-Computer
Interaction, addressing major advances in knowledge and effective use of computers in
a variety of application areas. The volumes constituting the full 28-volume set of the
conference proceedings are listed on pages VII and VIII.
I would like to thank the Program Board Chairs and the members of the Program
Boards of all thematic areas and affiliated conferences for their contribution to the
highest scientific quality and the overall success of the HCI International 2015
conference.
This conference could not have been possible without the continuous and unwa-
vering support and advice of the founder, Conference General Chair Emeritus and
Conference Scientific Advisor, Prof. Gavriel Salvendy. For their outstanding efforts,
I would like to express my appreciation to the Communications Chair and Editor of
HCI International News, Dr. Abbas Moallem, and the Student Volunteer Chair, Prof.
Kim-Phuong L. Vu. Finally, for their dedicated contribution towards the smooth
organization of HCI International 2015, I would like to express my gratitude to Maria
Pitsoulaki and George Paparoulis, General Chair Assistants.

May 2015 Constantine Stephanidis

General Chair, HCI International 2015
 HCI International 2015 Thematic Areas
and Affiliated Conferences

Thematic areas:
• Human-Computer Interaction (HCI 2015)
• Human Interface and the Management of Information (HIMI 2015)
Affiliated conferences:
• 12th International Conference on Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergo-
nomics (EPCE 2015)
• 9th International Conference on Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction
(UAHCI 2015)
• 7th International Conference on Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality (VAMR
2015)
• 7th International Conference on Cross-Cultural Design (CCD 2015)
• 7th International Conference on Social Computing and Social Media (SCSM 2015)
• 9th International Conference on Augmented Cognition (AC 2015)
• 6th International Conference on Digital Human Modeling and Applications in
Health, Safety, Ergonomics and Risk Management (DHM 2015)
• 4th International Conference on Design, User Experience and Usability (DUXU
2015)
• 3rd International Conference on Distributed, Ambient and Pervasive Interactions
(DAPI 2015)
• 3rd International Conference on Human Aspects of Information Security, Privacy
and Trust (HAS 2015)
• 2nd International Conference on HCI in Business (HCIB 2015)
• 2nd International Conference on Learning and Collaboration Technologies (LCT
2015)
• 1st International Conference on Human Aspects of IT for the Aged Population
(ITAP 2015)
 Conference Proceedings Volumes Full List

1. LNCS 9169, Human-Computer Interaction: Design and Evaluation (Part I), edited
by Masaaki Kurosu
2. LNCS 9170, Human-Computer Interaction: Interaction Technologies (Part II),
edited by Masaaki Kurosu
3. LNCS 9171, Human-Computer Interaction: Users and Contexts (Part III), edited by
Masaaki Kurosu
4. LNCS 9172, Human Interface and the Management of Information: Information
and Knowledge Design (Part I), edited by Sakae Yamamoto
5. LNCS 9173, Human Interface and the Management of Information: Information
and Knowledge in Context (Part II), edited by Sakae Yamamoto
6. LNAI 9174, Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics, edited by Don
Harris
7. LNCS 9175, Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction: Access to Today’s
Technologies (Part I), edited by Margherita Antona and Constantine Stephanidis
8. LNCS 9176, Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction: Access to Inter-
action (Part II), edited by Margherita Antona and Constantine Stephanidis
9. LNCS 9177, Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction: Access to
Learning, Health and Well-Being (Part III), edited by Margherita Antona and
Constantine Stephanidis
10. LNCS 9178, Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction: Access to the
Human Environment and Culture (Part IV), edited by Margherita Antona and
Constantine Stephanidis
11. LNCS 9179, Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality, edited by Randall Shumaker
and Stephanie Lackey
12. LNCS 9180, Cross-Cultural Design: Methods, Practice and Impact (Part I), edited
by P.L. Patrick Rau
13. LNCS 9181, Cross-Cultural Design: Applications in Mobile Interaction, Educa-
tion, Health, Transport and Cultural Heritage (Part II), edited by P.L. Patrick Rau
14. LNCS 9182, Social Computing and Social Media, edited by Gabriele Meiselwitz
15. LNAI 9183, Foundations of Augmented Cognition, edited by Dylan D. Schmorrow
and Cali M. Fidopiastis
16. LNCS 9184, Digital Human Modeling and Applications in Health, Safety, Ergo-
nomics and Risk Management: Human Modeling (Part I), edited by Vincent G.
Duffy
17. LNCS 9185, Digital Human Modeling and Applications in Health, Safety, Ergo-
nomics and Risk Management: Ergonomics and Health (Part II), edited by
Vincent G. Duffy
18. LNCS 9186, Design, User Experience, and Usability: Design Discourse (Part I),
edited by Aaron Marcus
19. LNCS 9187, Design, User Experience, and Usability: Users and Interactions (Part
II), edited by Aaron Marcus
20. LNCS 9188, Design, User Experience, and Usability: Interactive Experience
Design (Part III), edited by Aaron Marcus
 Conference Proceedings Volumes Full List IX

21. LNCS 9189, Distributed, Ambient and Pervasive Interactions, edited by Norbert
Streitz and Panos Markopoulos
22. LNCS 9190, Human Aspects of Information Security, Privacy and Trust, edited by
Theo Tryfonas and Ioannis Askoxylakis
23. LNCS 9191, HCI in Business, edited by Fiona Fui-Hoon Nah and Chuan-Hoo Tan
24. LNCS 9192, Learning and Collaboration Technologies, edited by Panayiotis
Zaphiris and Andri Ioannou
25. LNCS 9193, Human Aspects of IT for the Aged Population: Design for Aging
(Part I), edited by Jia Zhou and Gavriel Salvendy
26. LNCS 9194, Human Aspects of IT for the Aged Population: Design for Everyday
Life (Part II), edited by Jia Zhou and Gavriel Salvendy
27. CCIS 528, HCI International 2015 Posters’ Extended Abstracts (Part I), edited by
Constantine Stephanidis
28. CCIS 529, HCI International 2015 Posters’ Extended Abstracts (Part II), edited by
Constantine Stephanidis
 Human Interface and the Management of Information

Program Board Chair: Sakae Yamamoto, Japan

• Denis A. Coelho, Portugal • Chen Ling, USA

• Linda R. Elliott, USA
• Shin'ichi Fukuzumi, Japan
• Michitaka Hirose, Japan
• Makoto Itoh, Japan
• Yen-Yu Kang, Taiwan
• Koji Kimita, Japan
• Daiji Kobayashi, Japan
• Kentaro Kotani, Japan
• Hiroyuki Miki, Japan
• Hirohiko Mori, Japan
• Robert Proctor, USA
• Ryosuke Saga, Japan
• Katsunori Shimohara, Japan
• Takahito Tomoto, Japan
• Kim-Phuong Vu, USA
• Tomio Watanabe, Japan

The full list with the Program Board Chairs and the members of the Program Boards of
all thematic areas and affiliated conferences is available online at:

http://www.hci.international/2015/
 HCI International 2016

The 18th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, HCI International

2016, will be held jointly with the affiliated conferences in Toronto, Canada, at the
Westin Harbour Castle Hotel, 17–22 July 2016. It will cover a broad spectrum
of themes related to Human-Computer Interaction, including theoretical issues,
methods, tools, processes, and case studies in HCI design, as well as novel interaction
techniques, interfaces, and applications. The proceedings will be published by
Springer. More information will be available on the conference website:
http://2016.hci.international/.

General Chair
Prof. Constantine Stephanidis
University of Crete and ICS-FORTH
Heraklion, Crete, Greece
Email: general_chair@hcii2016.org

http://2016.hci.international/
 Contents – Part II

Context Modelling and Situational Awareness

Multi-criteria Fusion of Heterogeneous Information for Improving Situation

Awareness on Emergency Management Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Valdir Amancio Pereira Jr., Matheus Ferraroni Sanches,
Leonardo Castro Botega, Jessica Souza, Caio Saraiva Coneglian,
Elvis Fusco, and Márcio Roberto de Campos

Situational Transformation of Personal Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Yosuke Kinoe and Nami Mizuno

A Method for Calculating Air Traffic Controller Communication

Complexity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Zach Roberts, Blake Arnsdorff, James Cunningham, and Dan Chiappe

Conceptual Framework to Enrich Situation Awareness

of Emergency Dispatchers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Jessica Souza, Leonardo Castro Botega,
José Eduardo Santarém Segundo, Claudia Beatriz Berti,
Márcio Roberto de Campos, and Regina Borges de Araújo

Using Eye Movements to Test Assumptions of the Situation

Present Assessment Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Lindsay Sturre, Dan Chiappe, Kim-Phuong L. Vu,
and Thomas Z. Strybel

Map-Based Linking of Geographic User and Content Profiles

for Hyperlocal Content Recommendation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Steven Verstockt, Viktor Slavkovikj, and Kevin Baker

Scene Feature Recognition-Enabled Framework for Mobile Service

Information Query System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Yi-Chong Zeng, Ya-Hui Chan, Ting-Yu Lin, Meng-Jung Shih,
Pei-Yu Hsieh, and Guan-Lin Chao

Decision-Support Systems

What Methodological Attributes Are Essential for Novice Users

to Analytics? – An Empirical Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Supunmali Ahangama and Danny Chiang Choon Poo
XIV Contents – Part II

What Should I Read Next? A Personalized Visual Publication

Recommender System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Simon Bruns, André Calero Valdez, Christoph Greven, Martina Ziefle,
and Ulrik Schroeder

The Effect of Timing When Introducing a Decision Aid in a Decision

Support System for Supply Chain Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Nirit Gavish and Hussein Naseraldin

Design of Framework for Students Recommendation System in Information

Technology Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Thongchai Kaewkiriya

Improving Knowledge Management in Patient Safety Reporting:

A Semantic Web Ontology Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Chen Liang and Yang Gong

Human Error and e-Navigation: Developing the Nautical Chart

as Resilient Decision Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Thomas Porathe

Dealing with Data Deluge at National Funding Agencies: An Investigation

of User Needs for Understanding and Managing Research Investments . . . . . 140
Mihaela Vorvoreanu, Ann McKenna, Zhihua Dong,
and Krishna Madhavan

Dot Matrix Analysis of Plant Operation Data for Identifying Sequential

Alarms Triggered by Single Root Cause . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
ZheXing Wang and Masaru Noda

An Analysis of the Synergistic Effect in the Advertisement: Between

the Television Commercials and the Internet Commercials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Tadahiro Yamada, Yumi Asahi, and Katsuhiko Yuura

Information and Interaction for Driving

Development of a New Low Cost Driving Simulation for Assessing

Multidimensional Task Loads Caused by Mobile ICT at Drivers’
Workplaces. – Objective-Fidelity Beats Equipment-Fidelity? . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Michael Bretschneider-Hagemes

Differences in Driver Distractibility Between Monolingual

and Bilingual Drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
Isis Chong and Thomas Z. Strybel

Urban Driving: Where to Present What Types of Information – Comparison

of Head-Down and Head-Up Displays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Martin Götze and Klaus Bengler
 Contents – Part II XV

Information Sharing System Based on Situation Comprehensions

of Intelligent Vehicles to Improve Drivers’ Acceptability
for Proactive ADAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Takuma Ito, Tatsuya Shino, and Minoru Kamata

An Analysis of Ear Plethysmogram for Evaluation of Driver’s Mental

Workload Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Ahmad Khushairy Makhtar and Makoto Itoh

Education Method for Safe Bicycle Riding to Evaluate Actual Cycling

Behaviors When Entering an Intersection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Hiroaki Kosaka and Masaru Noda

Self-perception of Assister Driver Responsibility and Contribution

in Mutual Assistance System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Sui Kurihashi, Yutaka Matsuno, and Kenji Tanaka

Map Matching to Correct Location Error in an Electric Wheel Chair . . . . . . . 243

Yuta Noriduki, Hirotoshi Shibata, Shigenori Ioroi, and Hiroshi Tanaka

Driving Evaluation of Mild Unilateral Spatial Neglect Patients–Three

High-Risk Cases Undetected by BIT After Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Tasuku Sotokawa, Takuya Murayama, Junko Noguchi, Yoko Sakimura,
and Makoto Itoh

Effect of Adaptive Caution on Driver’s Lane-Change Behavior

under Cognitively Distracted Condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
Huiping Zhou and Makoto Itoh

Information and Interaction for Learning and Education

Hand-Raising Robot for Promoting Active Participation in Classrooms . . . . . 275

Saizo Aoyagi, Ryuji Kawabe, Michiya Yamamoto, and Tomio Watanabe

Development of a Learning Support System for Class Structure Mapping

Based on Viewpoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
Tatsuya Arai, Takahito Tomoto, and Takako Akakura

A Ubiquitous Lecture Archive Learning Platform with Note-Centered

Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
Shinobu Hasegawa and Jiangning Dai

Analysis of the Relationship Between Metacognitive Ability and Learning

Activity with Kit-Build Concept Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
Yusuke Hayashi and Tsukasa Hirashima
XVI Contents – Part II

The Effect of Problem Sequence on Students’ Conceptual Understanding

in Physics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
Tomoya Horiguchi, Takahito Tomoto, and Tsukasa Hirashima

A Topic Model for Clustering Learners Based on Contents

in Educational Counseling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
Takatoshi Ishii, Satoshi Mizoguchi, Koji Kimita, and Yoshiki Shimomura

Method to Generate an Operation Learning Support System

by Shortcut Key Differences in Similar Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332
Hajime Iwata

Learning State Model for Value Co-Creative Education Services. . . . . . . . . . 341

Koji Kimita, Keita Muto, Satoshi Mizoguchi, Yutaro Nemoto,
Takatoshi Ishi, and Yoshiki Shimomura

Development of a Seminar Management System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350

Yusuke Kometani and Keizo Nagaoka

Analysis of Multiple-Choice Tests Through Erroneous Choices

Using a Technique of Automatic Problem Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362
Noriyuki Matsuda, Hisashi Ogawa, Tsukasa Hirashima,
and Hirokazu Taki

Proposal of an Instructional Design Support System Based on Consensus

Among Academic Staff and Students. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370
Shuya Nakamura, Takahito Tomoto, and Takako Akakura

Development of a Speech-Driven Embodied Entrainment Character System

with Pupil Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378
Yoshihiro Sejima, Yoichiro Sato, Tomio Watanabe, and Mitsuru Jindai

Development of a Learning Support System for Reading Source Code

by Stepwise Abstraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387
Keisuke Watanabe, Takahito Tomoto, and Takako Akakura

Information and Interaction for Culture and Art

Virtual Jizai-Ryu: Hi-Fidelity Interactive Virtual Exhibit with Digital

Display Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397
Yuki Ban, Takashi Kajinami, Takuji Narumi, Tomohiro Tanikawa,
and Michitaka Hirose

Next Step of Cultural and Creative Products - Embracing Users Creativity . . . 409
Chia-Ling Chang and Ming-Hsuan Hsieh
 Contents – Part II XVII

Association of National Dimensions of Culture with Perceived Public

Sector Corruption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420
Denis A. Coelho

K-Culture Time Machine: Development of Creation and Provision

Technology for Time-Space-Connected Cultural Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428
Taejin Ha, Younsung Kim, Eunseok Kim, Kihong Kim, Sangmin Lim,
Seungmo Hong, Jeain Kim, Sunhyuck Kim, Junghwa Kim,
and Woontack Woo

Experience Simulator for the Digital Museum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436

Yasushi Ikei, Seiya Shimabukuro, Shunki Kato, Kohei Komase,
Koichi Hirota, Tomohiro Amemiya, and Michiteru Kitazaki

Virtual Aquarium: Mixed Reality Consisting of 3DCG Animation

and Underwater Integral Photography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447
Nahomi Maki and Kazuhisa Yanaka

Enhancing Abstract Imaginations of Viewers of Abstract Paintings

by a Gaze Based Music Generation System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457
Tatsuya Ogusu, Jun Ohya, Jun Kurumisawa, and Shunichi Yonemura

Supporting Work and Collaboration

Possible Strategies for Facilitating the Exchange of Tacit Knowledge

in a Team of Creative Professionals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467
Søren R. Frimodt-Møller, Nanna Borum, Eva Petersson Brooks,
and Yi Gao

Innovation Compass: Integrated System to Support Creativity

in Both Individuals and Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476
Yoshiharu Kato, Tomonori Hashiyama, and Shun’ichi Tano

Automatic Generation of Integrated Process Data Visualizations

Using Human Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488
Felix Mayer, Ulrich Bührer, Dorothea Pantförder, Denise Gramß,
and Birgit Vogel-Heuser

A Head-up Display with Augmented Reality and Gamification

for an E-Maintenance System: Using Interfaces and Gamification
to Motivate Workers in Procedural Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499
Allan Oliveira, Nahana Caetano, Leonardo Castro Botega,
and Regina Borges de Araújo

Representation Model of Collaboration Mechanism with Channel Theory. . . . 511

Patchanee Patitad and Hidetsugu Suto
XVIII Contents – Part II

Using Wearable and Contextual Computing to Optimize Field Engineering

Work Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522
Roberto S. Silva Filho, Ching-Ling Huang, Anuj Tewari, James Jobin,
and Piyush Modi

Information and Interaction for Safety, Security and Reliability

SAW-Oriented User Interfaces for Emergency Dispatch Systems. . . . . . . . . . 537

Leonardo Castro Botega, Lucas César Ferreira,
Natália Pereira Oliveira, Allan Oliveira, Claudia Beatriz Berti,
Vânia Paula de Neris, and Regina Borges de Araújo

A Method for Generation and Check of Alarm Configurations

Using Cause-Effect Matrices for Plant Alarm System Design . . . . . . . . . . . . 549
Takashi Hamaguchi, B. Mondori, Kazuhiro Takeda,
Naoki Kimura, and Masaru Noda

Parking Autonomous Skids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557

James Hing, Ross Boczar, and Kyle Hart

SAFT: Firefighting Environment Recognition Improvement for Firefighters . . . 569

Jin Hyun Park, In Jin Baek, and Su Ji Han

Modelling of a Business Process for Alarm Management Lifecycle

in Chemical Industries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579
Kazuhiro Takeda, Takashi Hamaguchi, Naoki Kimura,
and Masaru Noda

Disaster Recovery Framework for e-Learning Environment

Using Private Cloud Collaboration and Emergency Alerts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 588
Satoshi Togawa and Kazuhide Kanenishi

Information and Interaction for in Novel Advanced Environments

Study About Creation of “Maai” Involving Intention Using Rhythm

Controller: Development of Maai Creating Agent and Interaction
Experiments Between Human and Agent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599
Shiroh Itai and Yoshiyuki Miwa

Designing the Embodied Shadow Media Using Virtual

Three-Dimensional Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 610
Yusuke Kajita, Takuto Takahashi, Yoshiyuki Miwa, and Shiroh Itai

Kick Extraction for Reducing Uncertainty in RoboCup Logs . . . . . . . . . . . . 622

Tomoharu Nakashima, Satoshi Mifune, Jordan Henrio, Oliver Obst,
Peter Wang, and Mikhail Prokopenko
 Contents – Part II XIX

Virtual Bogie: Exhibition System to Understand Mechanism of Bogie

with Digital Display Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 634
Tomohiro Tanikawa, Hirosi Ohara, Ryo Kiyama, Takuji Narumi,
and Michitaka Hirose

Fortune Air: An Interactive Fortune Telling System Using Vortex

Air Cannon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 646
Ryoko Ueoka and Naoto Kamiyama

Development of the Horror Emotion Amplification System by Means

of Biofeedback Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657
Ryoko Ueoka and Kouya Ishigaki

Application of the Locomotion Interface Using Anthropomorphic

Finger Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 666
Yusuke Ujitoko and Koichi Hirota

Considering a New Nanbu Fuurin Design that Play a Healing Sound

– Including Innovations in Appearance and Texture,
and Continually Improving– . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675
Ying Zhang and Takamitsu Tanaka

Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685

 Contents – Part I

Information Visualisation

Annotated Domain Ontologies for the Visualization of Heterogeneous

Manufacturing Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Rebekka Alm, Mario Aehnelt, Steffen Hadlak, and Bodo Urban

Evaluation of Data Display Methods in a Flash Flood Prediction Tool. . . . . . 15

Elizabeth M. Argyle, Chen Ling, and Jonathan J. Gourley

Modernizing Exploration and Navigation in Enterprise Systems

with Interactive Visualizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Tamara Babaian, Wendy Lucas, and Mengru Li

Explorative Visualization of Impact Analysis for Policy Modeling

by Bonding Open Government and Simulation Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Dirk Burkhardt, Kawa Nazemi, Egils Ginters, Artis Aizstrauts,
and Jörn Kohlhammer

Big Data Visualization for Occupational Health and Security Problem in Oil
and Gas Industry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Daniela Gorski Trevisan, Nayat Sanchez-Pi, Luis Marti,
and Ana Cristina Bicharra Garcia

Affective Responses of Interpolated Sketches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Kun-An Hsiao

An Approach to Spatial Visualizing Method for Information Structure

to Enhance Remember to Look. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Jae-Gil Lee and Dong-Hee Shin

Visual Interactive Process Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Sebastian Maier, Hannes Kühnel, Thorsten May, and Arjan Kuijper

Uncertainty Visualization Framework for Improving Situational Awareness

in Emergency Management Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Natália Ferreira Oliveira, Leonardo Castro Botega,
Lucas César Ferreira, and Márcio Roberto de Campos

A Concept for Visualizing Psychophysiological Data in Human Computer

Interaction: The FeaturePlotter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Falko Pross, Dilana Hazer, Harald C. Traue, and Holger Hoffmann
XXII Contents – Part I

Proposal of a Visualization Method to Support Informal Communication

Using Twitter Attributes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Ryota Sasajima, Kohei Otake, Makoto Oka, and Akito Sakurai

A Team Hiring Solution Based on Graph-Based Modelling of Human

Resource Entities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Avinash Sharma, Jyotirmaya Mahapatra, Asmita Metrewar,
Abhishek Tripathi, and Partha Dutta

Reading Through Graphics: Interactive Landscapes to Explore Dynamic

Topic Spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Eva Ulbrich, Eduardo Veas, Santokh Singh, and Vedran Sabol

Edge Bundling in Multi-attributed Graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

Takafumi Yamashita and Ryosuke Saga

Information Presentation

URU: A Platform for Prototyping and Testing Compatibility of

Multifunction Interfaces with User Knowledge Schemata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Sandrine Fischer, Blaine Oelkers, Mitchell Fierro, Makoto Itoh,
and Eric White

An Exploration of the Effectiveness of Infographics in Contrast to Text

Documents for Visualizing Census Data: What Works? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Marylisa Gareau, Rebecca Keegan, and Lin Wang

Searching for Information: Comparing Text vs. Visual Search with

Newspapers Websites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Victor M. González, Jesús García, and Bárbara Muro

The Usability of Magnification Methods: A Comparative Study Between

Screen Magnifiers and Responsive Web Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Elyse C. Hallett, Blake Arnsdorff, John Sweet, Zach Roberts,
Wayne Dick, Tom Jewett, and Kim-Phuong L. Vu

Generating Summary Videos Based on Visual and Sound Information

from Movies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Yurina Imaji and Masaya Fujisawa

Narrower Conceptual Scope in the App Than the Web Store

Interface – The Size Does It and the Ad Has It. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Chien-Ling Kao and Man-Ying Wang

Exploring Cultural Symbols in Nigeria for Contemporary Applications

in Web Visual Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Isah Bolaji Kashim, Oluwafemi S. Adelabu, and Sunday O. Ogunwole
 Contents – Part I XXIII

Generation of Infotips from Interface Labels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226

Eric White, Sandrine Fischer, and Foaad Khosmood

Proposal of a Data Presentation Technique Using Four-Frame Cartoon

Expression for a LifeLog System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Takashi Yoshino and Iori Osada

Search in One’s Hand: How Users Search a Mobile Library Catalog . . . . . . . 247
Tao Zhang, Xi Niu, Liugen Zhu, and Hsin-liang Chen

Knowledge Management

Fusing Text and Image Data with the Help of the OWLnotator. . . . . . . . . . . 261
Giuseppe Abrami, Alexander Mehler, and Dietmar Pravida

A Filtering System of Web History Using the Browsing Characteristic . . . . . 273

Keita Arai, Makoto Oka, and Hirohiko Mori

Seed, a Natural Language Interface to Knowledge Bases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280

Bahaa Eldesouky, Heiko Maus, Sven Schwarz, and Andreas Dengel

Managing References by Filing and Tagging: An Exploratory Study

of Personal Information Management by Social Scientists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
Pierre Fastrez and Jerry Jacques

Towards a Class-Based Model of Information Organization in Wikipedia. . . . 301

Michael Gilbert and Mark Zachry

A General Framework for Text Document Classification Using SEMCON

and ACVSR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
Zenun Kastrati, Ali Shariq Imran, and Sule Yildirim Yayilgan

A New Information Architecture: A Synthesis of Structure, Flow,

and Dialectic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320
Rico A.R. Picone and Bryan Powell

Haptic, Tactile and Multimodal Interaction

Effects of Tacton Names and Learnability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335

Daniel Barber and Christopher Beck

Augmenting Soldier Situation Awareness and Navigation Through Tactile

Cueing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
Linda R. Elliott, Bruce Mortimer, Gina Hartnett-Pomranky, Gary Zets,
and Greg Mort
XXIV Contents – Part I

Multisensory Information Processing for Enhanced Human-Machine

Symbiosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354
Frederick D. Gregory and Liyi Dai

Increase and Decrease of Optical Illusion Strength By Vibration . . . . . . . . . . 366

Teluhiko Hilano and Kazuhisa Yanaka

Presentation Method of Walking Sensation Based on Walking Behavior

Measurement with Inertial Sensors and Pressure Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374
Kohei Ichihara, Koichi Hirota, Yasushi Ikei, and Michiteru Kitazaki

Induction of a Relaxed State Using a Vibration Stimulus Based

on the Respiratory Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386
Naoto Iwamoto and Hiroshi Hagiwara

Designing Memorable Tactile Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396

Daiji Kobayashi and Hiroyasu Mitani

Changes in Heart Rate Variability by Using Tactile Thermal Interface

Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405
Kentaro Kotani, Shigeyoshi Iizuka, Takafumi Asao, and Satoshi Suzuki

Human Factors to Consider During the Early Development

and Dissemination of New Displays to Improve Spatial Orientation
and Situation Awareness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412
Ben D. Lawson, John Christopher Brill, Linda-Brooke I. Thompson,
Amanda M. Kelley, Casey R. Harris, and Angus H. Rupert

Computer Input System Using Eye Glances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425

Shogo Matsuno, Kota Akehi, Naoaki Itakura, Tota Mizuno,
and Kazuyuki Mito

Basic Study of Evoking Emotion Through Extending One’s Body Image

by Integration of Internal Sense and External Sense. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433
Sho Sakurai, Takuji Narumi, Toki Katsumura, Tomohiro Tanikawa,
and Michitaka Hirose

Development of Tactile and Gestural Displays for Navigation,

Communication, and Robotic Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445
Anna Skinner, Jack Vice, and Lisa Baraniecki

Human Characteristics of Figure Recognition in Tactile Feedback . . . . . . . . . 458

Motoki Tanuma, Makoto Oka, and Hirohiko Mori

Recognition of Written Cues System for Users of General Paper Media. . . . . 466
Daiki Yamaji and Jiro Tanaka
 Contents – Part I XXV

Study of Haptics and Tactile Sense of the Direction of Movement . . . . . . . . 477

Sakae Yamamoto, Yukiko Yokomizo, and Daiji Kobayashi

Service Design and Management

Proposal of New Lighting Which Combined Functionality of Street Light

and Outdoor Light. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491
Takeo Ainoya, Keiko Kasamatsu, and Akio Tomita

A Multi-agent Based System for Route Planning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500

Eugene Belyi, Indravan Patel, Anusha Reddy, and Vijay Mago

Improving Service Quality by Prioritizing Service Attributes Using

SERVQUAL and Kano Model: A Case Study of Nursing Home in Taiwan. . . 513
Chin-Mei Chou, Cindy Sutanto, and Shu-Kai Wu

Travel-Information Sharing System Using Tweets with Location

Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526
Junko Itou, Keiichiro Nakamura, and Jun Munemori

Ubiquitous Healthcare Systems: Improving the Adherence Level

within Diabetic Medication Using Cloud-Based Reminder System. . . . . . . . . 535
Mohammed Kalkattawi and Tatsuo Nakajima

Centralized Approach for a Unified Wireless Network Access . . . . . . . . . . . 547

Jan David Nose, Jaromir Likavec, Christian Bischof, and Arjan Kuijper

Proposal of Advance Care Planning Support System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 560

Satomi Yamamoto, Takashi Yoshino, Chigusa Kita, Misa Takeshima,
and Takashi Kato

User Studies

A Study of the Feature of the Lovely Product Forms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571

Wen-chih Chang and Ching-An Hsu

Induction of Human Behavior by Presentation of Environmental Acoustics . . . 582

Eisuke Fujinawa, Sho Sakurai, Masahiko Izumi, Takuji Narumi,
Osamu Houshuyama, Tomohiro Tanikawa, and Michitaka Hirose

Modeling User’s Sentiment in User Segmentations: An Argumentation

Approach for User Centered Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595
María Paula González, Carlos I. Chesñevar, and Ramon Brena

Voice Control System and Multiplatform Use: Specialist Vs. Generalist? . . . . 607
Soyoung Jung, Kwan Min Lee, and Frank Biocca
XXVI Contents – Part I

This Study of Hand Anthropometry and Touchscreen Size of Smartphones . . . 617

Yu-Cheng Lin and Ming-Hung Lin

Internet Users’ Legal and Technical Perspectives on Digital Legacy

Management for Post-mortem Interaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 627
Cristiano Maciel, Vinicius Carvalho Pereira, and Monica Sztern

Analysis Using Purchasing Data in Japan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 640

Ryota Morizumi and Yumi Asahi

Changing Drinking Behavior and Beverage Consumption

Using Augmented Reality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 648
Eiji Suzuki, Takuji Narumi, Sho Sakurai, Tomohiro Tanikawa,
and Michitaka Hirose

Learning to Manage NextGen Environments: Do Student Controllers Prefer

to Use Datalink or Voice? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 661
Alice Winter, John Sweet, Yuri Trujillo, Adriana Miramontes,
Sam Curtis, Karen Sanchez, Kim-Phuong L. Vu, and Thomas Z. Strybel

An Observation of Human Comprehension Through Wood Joints

Assembly of a Cube Puzzle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 668
Thongthai Wongwichai and Takamitsu Tanaka

The Research of the Influence of Customer Perceived Value to Customer

Satisfaction in Mobile Games . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 678
Kailiang Zhang and Yumi Asahi

Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 689

Context Modelling and Situational
Awareness
 Multi-criteria Fusion of Heterogeneous
Information for Improving Situation
Awareness on Emergency
Management Systems

Valdir Amancio Pereira Jr.1, Matheus Ferraroni Sanches1,

Leonardo Castro Botega1,2(&), Jessica Souza1,
Caio Saraiva Coneglian1, Elvis Fusco1,
and Márcio Roberto de Campos2
1
Computing and Information Systems Research Lab (COMPSI),
Marília Eurípides University (UNIVEM), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
{valdir.a.junior,matheussanches531,osz.jessica,
caio.coneglian,elvisfusco}@gmail.com,
leonardo_botega@dc.ufscar.br
2
Wireless Networks and Distributed Interactive Simulations Lab (WINDIS),
Computer Department, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar),
São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil

Abstract. Information Fusion is the synergic integration of data from different

sources for the support to decision-making. The emergency management sys-
tems predominance of such application has driven the development to new and
better sensors, new methods, for data processing and architectures that promote
access, composition, refinement and information handling, with the active par-
ticipation of specialists as data providers and specialists of the systems. In this
scenario of data fusion, uncertainty of diverse natures can be aggregated to both
data and information at different levels of the process, creating distorted infor-
mation to the specialist. As a result the situation awareness and cognitive pro-
cess can be affected leading to poor quality support to decision-making as a
generalization of information quality, uncertainty need to be reduced to improve
awareness about the situation of interest. The objective of our work is the
mitigation of uncertainty propagated by other quality attributes such as
information completeness, so specialists can be able to convey an improved
understanding. For such, a new fusion framework fed by multi-criteria param-
eterization, including information quality measures and its semantics, is depicted
as an engine to build more accurate information from diverse sensed possibil-
ities. A case study with a situation assessment application is in course to validate
the effectiveness of the generated solution. Preliminary and promising results are
discussed as a more valuable tool to support decision-making.

Keywords: Information fusion
Situation awareness
Emergency Management

Systems

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015

S. Yamamoto (Ed.): HIMI 2015, Part II, LNCS 9173, pp. 3–14, 2015.
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-20618-9_1
4 V.A. Pereira Jr. et al.

1 Introduction

Emergency events require building effective operational responses. Frequently, unex-

pected incidents arise and demand time-critical decisions from a specialist of the state
police, security managers or governmental members. Such decisions involve the
deployment of new tactics and the allocation of human resources and equipments.
The assessment systems of emergency events are highly complex due the need of
comprehension by specialists about what is going on at the event location. Such
comprehension is supported by Data Fusion systems, feed by multiple sources (hard
sensors, social networks, databases, etc.) offer a more precise notion but aware about
what is happening in an environment [1].
Devices and innovative fusion algorithms are being used for better supporting the
assessment process for situation awareness for decision-making. Such assessment
systems may have to be used even under informational adverse conditions of uncer-
tainty, demanding that non-explicit information must be inferred. The specialist of an
assessment system has a crucial role on the improvement of information that are
processed from heterogeneous sources and data fusion engines for the acquisition of
situation awareness. Data mining, classification algorithms and information quality are
aspects of extreme relevance in this process and present several challenges regarding
the determination of synergic information and the definition of fusion criteria [2, 3] and
consequently new relations among information.
In the literature, different solutions have been succeeded pro- posed and imple-
mented, reaching information with several data and information quality issues. As a
result of recent technological developments e.g., proliferation of diverse algorithms and
platforms, such as Nearest Neighbors, Probabilistic Data Association, The Kalman
Filter, Semantic Methods extends systems abilities to develop a more precise, complete,
consistent and timely information in a minor dimensionality. In a wider view, infor-
mation fusion aims to provide a richer knowledge to promote the acquisition, mainte-
nance and resumption of situation awareness of specialists in a variety of contexts [4].
However, as far as the authors investigated, there are few studies that deal more
specifically with semantic information as input and the construction of an incremental
knowledge for the identification of new entities and relations among them.
Intelligent systems to support specialists in critical situations (that could compro-
mise lives and patrimony) can benefit from the diversity of available criteria (including
quality) for exhaustive fusion to improve the evaluation of critical situations, reducing
imperfections of information and present a reliable selection of integrated possibilities.
To overcome some of these challenges, the contributions of this paper are: (1) An
intense relation with a Knowledge Representation phase, by managing knowledge as
input and output; (2) The use of customisable multi-criteria parameterization, including
information quality indexes and Semantic information (relations among entities) to
reveal new objects, attributes and relations among them.
This paper presents a Multi-criteria Fusion of Heterogeneous Data for Improving
Situation Awareness on Emergency Management Systems. It is also presented the
relevance of information quality issues in the process when imperfect data can be a
potential impact factor on the quality of the decision-making.
 Multi-criteria Fusion of Heterogeneous Information 5

The paper is organized as follows: Sect. 2 presents the Research Background on

Situation Awareness; Sect. 3 describes the applicability of Data Fusion on the Emer-
gency Domain and Sect. 4 presents the Multi-criteria Fusion of Heterogeneous Infor-
mation, followed by a Case Study and Conclusions.

2 Research Background

Situation awareness systems, specially applications Emergency Management Systems

rely on information quality to provide specialists a better view of the analyzed scenario
for making quality decisions. If imperfect information is provided to SAW systems, the
specialist may be uncertain on what he perceives and understands and the quality of the
decision will be compromised. For such, this paper presents a framework for Improving
Situation Awareness comprising of a multi-criteria fusion of heterogeneous information
to mitigate uncertain information about situations and assets and to use and represent
enriched knowledge [5]. Hence, this combination will provide a comprehensive fusion
framework for coupling into situation assessment systems for specialists deal with
adverse conditions of information quality.

2.1 Situation Awareness in Emergency Management Systems

In the C2 domain, there are some elements of awareness that individual specialists must
posses, such as mission goal awareness (knowing the current state of a mission and the
goals current being attempted); system awareness (knowing about how the system
works and its methods of operation); resource awareness (knowing the available
physical and human resources) and in case of workgroup, team awareness (knowing
that all team members know the state of current events) [6].
The way in which information is combined by the system and also by the specialist
through the interface and embedded visualizations influences human’s SAW and
consequently the quality of the decision. A suitable SA-oriented fusion should deter-
mine which information can be synergically integrated in the event timeline, perform
an accurately search for the input information and also be committed to deliver an
information that is conformable with the specialist’s SAW needs and expectations [7].
Data fusion systems are able to deliver the needed processing to provide information
for SAW purposes, however, they still require the human participation on the processes
for the interpretation of the results produced by such systems and give meaning and
relevance for information [8]. Supported by a user refinement phase present on situation
assessment models, opportunities referring to the customisation of fusion criteria
became imminent given the need for knowledge about data and produced information,
strengthening possibilities of effective contributions to the data fusion process [6, 8, 9].

2.2 Information Uncertainty

Applications of data and information fusion systems are then able to process and
present data with the objective of enabling specialists to make effective decisions.
6 V.A. Pereira Jr. et al.

However, such systems can propagate imperfection due to fail data acquisition,
processing or even in the representation of the produced information, making user
uncertain about what s/he perceives and understands.
To overcome such issue, innovative fusion techniques must be present in the
assessment system to provide a truly knowledge representation about situations. Also,
quality issues must be always known in order to build a better SAW [10]. In a decision
making complex environment, commanders need a clear, concise and accurate
assessment of the current situation, what may be degraded by an uncertainty about
where the assets are located, what are their capabilities, the nature of their intentions
and if there is any kind of risk to people or patrimony.
Often, the specialist does not have confidence on his knowledge about his own
forces and much less about the enemies, mostly due information unavailability, the
dynamics of real scenarios with ever changing situations and the distributed nature of
data sources [6, 11]. In summary, when monitoring assets in a conflict scenario, spe-
cialists have to pay attention to all assets parameters they had monitored in the past,
how long the assets must be monitored, which assets parameters must be monitored in
the present, whether new information about the assets are certain and reliable, how to
combine new information with the existing information that the specialist already
possesses, what parameters must be shared and how to use new information to make
future decisions.

3 Information Fusion and SAW in Emergency Field

SAW is the ability of understanding and project a real monitored environment, in this
case by an operator of the emergency system, who based on the SAW developed during
the observation of the support system, will make a decision.
According to Endsley, SAW is being aware of what is happening around you and
understanding what that information means to you now and in the future [2]. In the
emergency field, on a particular situation, SAW is developed by means of an enormous
range of information collected from various sources, and for the most part, in real time
and presenting quality problems in their composition, thus affecting their representation
to the operator. With this huge amount of information to be observed by the operator, the
development of SAW is difficult and weak, since it still presents quality problems, and it
does not have a system and appropriate interfaces to properly represent all that data.
SAW composition presents different aspects for every need or environment, since
the perception of information is made by visual, hearing, and tactile stimuli, among
others, and also a by a combination. However, in order to supply and feed a SAW
system, especially in a critical and complex system such as emergency decision-
making, these systems require quality information in several stages that make up a
process for evaluating situations, in several dimensions that determine the scope of
application.
The role of information fusion routines is to apply techniques that contribute to
mitigate such quality problems. It is known, however, that many of the problems
depend on the activity of the human expert, and that its input is extremely valuable for
the process. In this manner, the expert should be free and able to propose new fusion
Another random document with
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The Project Gutenberg eBook of Pee-wee Harris
in camp
 This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United
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Title: Pee-wee Harris in camp

Author: Percy Keese Fitzhugh

Illustrator: Harold S. Barbour

Release date: November 25, 2023 [eBook #72220]

Language: English

Original publication: New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1922

Credits: Roger Frank and Sue Clark

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PEE-WEE

HARRIS IN CAMP ***
PEE-WEE HARRIS IN CAMP
“I’LL CLOSE MY EYES AND TRY TO GO STRAIGHT,” SAID PEE-WEE.
 PEE-WEE HARRIS
IN CAMP
BY
PERCY KEESE FITZHUGH
Author of
THE TOM SLADE BOOKS, THE ROY BLAKELEY BOOKS
THE PEE-WEE HARRIS BOOKS

ILLUSTRATED BY
H. S. BARBOUR

Published with the approval of

THE BOY SCOUTS OF AMERICA

GROSSET & DUNLAP

PUBLISHERS : : NEW YORK

Made in the United States of America

 Copyright, 1922, by
GROSSET & DUNLAP
 Pee-Wee Harris in Camp, also in Dutch; also in hot water, in
cold water, on the stage, in politics, and in the raspberry jam.
Including the true facts concerning his size (what there is of it)
and his heroism (such as it is), his voice, his clothes, his
appetite, his friends, his enemies, his victims. Together with the
thrilling narrative of the rise and fall of the Hop-toad Patrol, as
well as other delectable particulars touching the one time
mascot of the Ravens, sometimes known as the Animal Cracker
Patrol. How he foiled, baffled, circumvented and triumphed over
everything and everybody (except where he failed) and how
even when he failed he succeeded. The whole recorded in a
series of screams and told with neither muffler nor cut-out.
 CONTENTS
I HE OPENS THE DOOR, THEN OPENS HIS MOUTH
II HE PLAYS HIS PART
III SUCH IS FAME
IV HE ADVANCES
V HE STORMS THE INNER FORTRESS
VI CARRIED BY A MINORITY
VII MENTAL TELEGRAPHY
VIII A PREDICAMENT
IX PEE-WEE’S PAST REVEALED
X PEE-WEE’S ENTERPRISE
XI BILLY SIMPSON’S CHANCE
XII ADVICE FROM THE VETERAN
XIII AN INSPIRATION
XIV THE AUTOCRAT
XV BON VOYAGE
XVI REGULATION SEVEN
XVII TEARS
XVIII THE BATTLE OF THE BURS
XIX SAIL ON, THOU BOTTLE
XX THE NIGHT BEFORE
XXI SCOUTS AND SCOUTS
XXII THE VOICE OF SCOUT HARRIS
XXIII MOBILIZING
XXIV A PROMISE
XXV BIG BUSINESS
XXVI MAROONED
XXVII RETURN OF THE PRODIGAL
XXVIII BRENT AND PEE-WEE
XXIX BRENT AND SIMPSON
XXX THE COMING EVENT
 CONTENTS

XXXI THE SAND-BAG

XXXII SOMETHING BIG
XXXIII AND SOMETHING BIGGER

PEE-WEE HARRIS IN CAMP

 CHAPTER I—HE OPENS THE DOOR, THEN
OPENS HIS MOUTH
“I’m going to brand a horse with a hot iron! I’m going to brand a
double cross on him! I’m going to brand it on his hip! I’m going to get
ten dollars!”
These were strange words to issue from the lips of a boy scout.
Yet they were uttered by no less a scout than Pee-Wee Harris, the
scout of scouts, the scout who made scouting famous, the only
original scout, the scout who put the rave in Raven Patrol. They were
uttered by Scout Harris who was so humane that he loved butterflies
because they reminded him of butter and who would not harm a
piece of pudding-stone because it aroused his tender recollections of
pudding.
“I’m going to brand him to-morrow night!” he repeated cruelly. “Is
there any pie left in the pantry?”
What act of inhuman cruelty he meditated against the poor,
defenseless pie only his own guilty conscience knew. Before his
mother was able to answer him from upstairs he had branded a
piece of pie with his teeth.
Pee-wee’s mother did not come down, but she put her foot down.
“I don’t know what you mean,” she called, “but you’re not going to
do it. There is one piece of pie in the pantry unless you have eaten it
already.”
Pee-wee ascended the stairs armed with a dripping slice of
rhubarb pie which left a scout trail up the wild, carpeted steps and
through the dim, unfathomed fastnesses of the upper hall.
“I’m brandhorse,” he repeated, wrestling with a large mouthful of
pie, “I’mgngtendlrs.”
The bite of pie conquered, Pee-wee proceeded to enlighten his
mother as to his latest enterprise.
 “You know the—”
“Don’t eat while you’re talking,” said Mrs. Harris.
“You know the Punkhall Stock Company?” Pee-wee continued
excitedly. “They’re coming to the Lyric Theatre next week. They’re
going to play New York successes. They advertised for a boy to
brand a horse and I went to see the man and his name is
Rantrnetolme—”
“Stop! Wait a minute; now go on. And don’t take another bite till
you finish.”
“Mr. Ranter he’s manager and he said I’d do and I only have to be
in that one play and I only have to be on the stage one minute and I’ll
get ten dollars and everybody’ll clap and I bet you’ll be glad and it—
anyway, it isn’t a hot iron at all, but it’s painted red so it will look hot
and it doesn’t hurt the horse only it looks as if it did, so can I do it?”
he concluded breathlessly. “You can’t say that red paint will hurt a
horse,” he added anxiously. “Gee whiz, I wouldn’t be cruel, but red
paint can’t hurt anybody.”
“What is the name of this play?” Pee-wee’s mother asked.
“The name of it is Double-crossed and I’ll tell you all about it, it’s a
dandy play, a man has a double cross for trade-mark, see? And he’s
a villain and he gets a kid to crawl through a hole in the fence, it’s out
west in Arizona, and that kid has to brand one of the other man’s
horses so the man will admit the horse belongs to the other man and
the other man can take him, see? That’s what you call a plot. The
man beats me if I say I won’t do it, so I do it and I don’t say anything
at all and after the play is over I get ten dollars, so will you come and
see me?”
“Where is the boy who usually does that?” Mrs. Harris asked,
rather ruefully.
“They get a different boy in every town,” Pee-wee said, “because
Mr. Ranter, he says it’s cheaper to do that than it is to pay his
railroad fare all over the country, so can I do it? The iron isn’t really
hot. So can I do it? Roy Blakeley and all the troop are coming to see
me and maybe they’re going to get a flashlight and they’re going to
clap a lot. So can I do it? I’m going to do good turns with the ten
dollars so if you stand up for good turns like you told Mr. Ellsworth,
you’d better let me do it or else that shows you don’t believe in good
turns. So can I do it?”
In the interval of suspense which followed, Pee-wee strengthened
his spirit with a bite of pie and stood ready to take still another upon
the first hint of an adverse decision.
“I don’t like the idea of you going on the stage with actors,
especially with the Punkhall Stock Company,” said Mrs. Harris
doubtfully. “What would your Aunt Sophia say if she should hear of
it?”
“How can she hear of it when she’s deaf?” said Pee-wee.
“Anyway, they never hear of things in North Deadham. I only have to
be on the stage about one minute and I don’t have to talk and I’d
rather do it than—than—have a bicycle on Christmas. So can I do
it?”
“I hope you don’t impersonate a scout,” said Mrs. Harris,
weakening gradually.
“I’m the son of a cowboy that owns a ranch,” Pee-wee vociferated,
“and his name is Deadshot Dan, and he gave me some peanuts
when Mr. Ranter was talking to me. Gee whiz, you can tell from that
that he’s not really bad, can’t you? Mr. Punkhall was there too, and
he said I’d do it fine and they’ll show me how to do it at a rehearsal
to-morrow morning and it doesn’t really hurt the horse, so can I do
it?”
“You remember how scandalized your Aunt Sophia Primshock
was when you kept a refreshment shack by the roadside? We have
to think of others, Walter. Aunt Sophia would be—I can’t think what
she’d be if she knew you joined the Punkhall Stock Company. And
your cousin Prudence who is going to Vassar! I had to listen to their
criticisms the whole time while I was visiting them, and your father
thought they were right.”
Poor Mrs. Harris lived in mortal terror of the Primshock branch of
the family which occupied the big old-fashioned house at North
Deadham. No stock companies, no movies even, ever went there.
No popular songs or current jokes or wise cracks of the day
penetrated to that solemn fastness. All that ever reached there,
apparently, were the tidings of Pee-wee’s sensational escapades, his
floundering around the country in a ramshackle railroad car, his
being carried off in an automobile, and, worst of all, his epoch-
making plunge into the retail trade when he had sold and sung the
praises of hot frankfurters by the road-side.
“I’m afraid she’d think it—unwise,” Mrs. Harris said in her gentle,
half yielding manner.
“Ah now, Mudgy,” Pee-wee pleaded; “I told those men I’d do it and
a scout has to keep his word, gee whiz, you have to admit that. And
Aunt Sophia doesn’t have to know anything about it and I promise, I
promise, not to tell her, and anyway Prudence has joined the Girl
Scouts and maybe by this time she’s got to be kind of wild—kind of;
and anyway I’ll never tell them so they can’t jump on you and if I say
I won’t, I won’t because a scout’s honor is to be trusted. So can I do
it? I won’t buy gumdrops with the ten dollars if you’ll let me do it.”
“Good gracious! Ten dollars worth of gumdrops!” said Mrs. Harris.
“Sure, that’s nothing,” said Pee-wee.
 CHAPTER II—HE PLAYS HIS PART
We need not dwell upon Pee-wee’s career on the stage. It was
almost as short as he was. He crawled through a hole in a fence and
had no difficulty in finding the right horse, since there was only one
there.
He held the iron (painted red) against the horse’s hip, then
withdrew across the stage and was seen no more. The deed of
villainy had been done, the double cross of the thieving ranchman
had been branded upon the horse he coveted and was resolved to
win “by fair means or foul.” Those were the tragic words he had
used.
There was nothing so very terrible about Pee-wee’s new
adventure and Mr. and Mrs. Harris were rather proud of the way in
which he acquitted himself. He broke his ten dollar bill in Bennett’s
Fresh Confectionery, where he treated the members of his troop with
true actorish liberality. Two sodas each they had, and gumdrops flew
like bullets in the play.
“Roy’s got your picture,” said Westy Martin; “I hope it comes out
all right. He’s going to hang it in the cellar.”
“How did it seem not speaking for thirty seconds?” Roy asked.
“He timed you with his stop watch,” Artie Van Arlen said. “Did you
see us in the front seats?”
“Now you see, it’s good to be small,” Pee-wee said. “They chose
me because I could get through that hole in the fence. Fat Blanchard
wanted to get the job but they wouldn’t give it to him because they
were afraid he’d get stuck half way through the hole. That horse is
awful nice, he likes being branded I guess; anyway he wasn’t mad
about it because he licked my hand twice.”
“If I had my way I’d lick you a couple of dozen times,” said Roy.
“Did you tell him about how you won the animal first aid badge?”
 “Who?”
“The horse; did you tell him how that makes you a star scout?”
“What does the horse care?” Westy asked. “He’s a star actor,
that’s better than a star scout.”
“I guess he had to go on the stage on account of the automobile
driving him out of business, hey?” Roy said.
“Anyway, I like horses,” Pee-wee said.
“Sure,” said Roy, “and you like horse radish and horse chestnuts
too. No wonder you like horses, you’re always kicking.”
“Maybe some day I’ll play—maybe I’ll play Julius Caesar,” said
Pee-wee proudly.
“Sure, maybe you’ll play checkers,” said Roy; “come on home, it’s
late.”
“Let’s have one more soda,” said Pee-wee.
“Which one of us will have it?” Roy asked.
“One each,” said Pee-wee; “I’ll treat. The first ones were on
account of my acting in that play, kind of to celebrate, and these will
be on account of my getting to be a star scout. Will you?”
“For your sake we will,” said Roy, as they all lined up again at the
soda fountain. “I hate to think what will happen when you get to be
an eagle scout.”
“We’ll have a soda for every badge, hey?” said Pee-wee,
immediately enthusiastic over the idea.
“That’ll be twenty-one sodas each.”
“Good night!” said Roy.
“And we’ll have chocolate ones on account of that being my patrol
color, hey? Only I’m going to start a new patrol before that and
maybe I’ll have red for our patrol color so we’ll have strawberry
sodas, hey? Because, anyway, I’m going to be an eagle scout next
summer.”
“Tell us all about that,” said Dorry Benton of the Silver Foxes.
“I’ve got a lot of plans,” said Pee-wee, between mouthfuls of
dripping ice cream.
“Have you got them with you?” Wig Weigand asked.
 “I’m going to start a patrol up at Temple Camp and I’m going to be
the leader of it on account of being a star scout and I’m going to
enter one of my scouts for the marksmanship contest—”
“G-o-o-d night!” interrupted Roy.
“A tall chance a tenderfoot stands of winning that,” Dorry laughed.
“I—I bet you I can think of a way, all right,” Pee-wee vociferated.
“Didn’t I fix it so Worry Chesley could get the gold cross?”
“Yes?”
“Sure; didn’t I fall off the springboard so he could save my life?”
“And the raving Ravens will have to go on raving without their little
mascot?” Doc. Carson asked.
“Sure, let them rave,” said Pee-wee; “gee whiz, I can rave without
them.”
“Oh, absolutely,” Roy said.
“If I’m a star scout that means I’m a hero, doesn’t it?” Pee-wee
asked, his soda glass tilted up so that he might capture the last
dregs. “If a scout has ten merit badges—”
“That means he has to treat to soda ten times,” said Roy; “it’s on
page forty-eleven of the handbook. If he treats to soda fifteen times
he’s a soda scout and he can wear the soda badge, all down the
front of his coat, just like you. Come on, let’s go home, Mr. Bennett
wants to shut up.”
“I wouldn’t shut up for anybody,” Pee-wee said.
 CHAPTER III—SUCH IS FAME
Pee-wee’s plans, indeed, were more numerous than the
miscellaneous possessions which he displayed upon his scout
regalia and which set him off like a sort of animated Christmas tree.
If his active brain could have been revealed to view it would have
been found decorated with plans of every description; schemes and
enterprises would have been seen dangling from it, as his jack-knife
and his compass and his cooking pan and his watch and his coil of
rope were seen dangling from his belt and jacket. His mind was a
sort of miniature attic, full of junk. An artist familiar with rummage
sales might picture our scout hero in all his glory. But alas, no artist
could picture his brain!
At the time of the beginning of this odd train of happenings, Pee-
wee had cause to be both proud and satisfied. For one thing he had
eight dollars and sixty cents, the rest of his ten dollars having gone
to Bennett’s.
The animal first aid badge which he had lately won, being his
tenth award, had made him a star scout. The badge itself had not yet
been tendered him but this would be done by the exalted powers
when he reached Temple Camp. It would be done with befitting
ceremony. It was not necessary for anyone to tell Pee-wee that he
was a hero; he admitted it. After he had received his rank of star
scout all of the pioneer1 scouts at camp would rally to his standard,
clamoring for admittance to his new, and altogether unique, patrol.
So Pee-wee’s path of glory was mapped out, as far as it was
possible for the human imagination to map it. The new patrol was to
be called the Hop-toad Patrol, because it was by tracking a hop-toad
to its savage lair that Pee-wee had won the stalking badge, one of
the stepping stones to his pedestal of glory.
But the fame of Scout Harris had already gone further than he
knew; it had penetrated to North Deadham, and had appealed to