ENTERIC FEVER

PREVALENCE & PATHOGENESIS

RACSHANA R 11201170
OUTLINE
• INTRODUCTION

• PREVALENCE

• CAUSATIVE ORGANISM

• MODES OF TRANSMISSION

• RISK FACTORS

• PATHOGENESIS
 INTRODUCTION
• Typhoid fever, or enteric fever, is potenti lly f t l multisystemic
infection.

• The term typhoid is derived from the ncient Greek word for cloud, it w s
chosen to emph size the severity of neuropsychi tric e ects if left
untre ted.

• C used by infection with S. Typhi & S. P r typhi A, B nd C.

• It is gr m neg tive l gell ted b cilli.

• Enteric fever is ch r cterized by systemic illness long with bdomin l

p in nd fever in “step-l dder” p ttern.
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PREVALENCE
Worldwide:

• Commonly occurs in p rts of the world where w ter supplies nd s nit tion re
sub-st nd rd.

• Import nt c uses of fever in South Asi , sub-S h r n Afric nd L tin Americ .

• In 2019, study estim ted prev lence of 9.2 million enteric fever c ses.

• 110,000 de ths due to enteric fever.

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 In India:

• Annu lly- 4.5 million c ses.

• 8930 de ths.
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What exactly causes enteric fever?
ANTIGENS
• O- Som tic ntigen- Speci ic for the group, indic tes
recent infection.

• H- Fl gell r ntigen- highly ntigenic.

• Vi- C psul r ntigen-responsible for virulence.

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 MODES OF TRANSMISSION
• Or l tr nsmission vi food or bever ges h ndled by c rrier.

• H nd-to-mouth tr nsmission fter using cont min ted toilet nd

neglecting h nd hygiene.

• Or l tr nsmission vi sew ge-cont min ted w ter or shell ish.

Feco-or l tr nsmission
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RISK FACTORS
• Reduced stom ch cidity- <1 ye r ge, n t cid ingestion, chlorhydri .

• Prior Helicob cter pylori infection.

• Conditions where intestin l integrity is ltered- in l mm tory bowel dise se, prior
GIT surgery, cytotoxic chemother py.

• Suppression of the intestin l lor by ntibiotics.

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PATHOGENESIS
• Incub tion period: 10-14 d ys.

• Infective dose- 10^3 - 10^6 b cilli.

• Entry occurs through epitheli l cells lining intestin l mucos lso known s M cells.
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 REFERENCES
• H rrison's Principles of Intern l Medicine, 21e

• D vidson's Principles nd Pr ctice of Medicine

• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

• https://emedicine.medsc pe.com
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THANK YOU