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F5-Chap 8-Distributions
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ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS
FORM 5
MODULE 13
PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTIONS
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CONTENT PAGE
13.3. ACTIVITY 1 5
13.6. ACTIVITY 2 8
13.8. ANSWERS 12
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13.1 CHAPTER 8
CONCEPT MAP
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS
BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION
X ~B( n, p)
Binomial Distribution
Graph
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P(X = r) = n C r p r q n r
Where
P = probability
X = binomial discrete random variable
r = number of successes (r = 0, 1, 2, …., n)
n = number of trials
p = probability of success (0 < p < 1)
q = probability of failure (q = 1 - p)
Example 1 :
In a town, the probability that rain will fall on any day is 0.3. Calculate the probability
that rain will fall on exactly 2 days in a certain week.
Solution :
p = 0.3
q = 1 – 0.3 = 0.7
r=2
n=7
P(X = r) = n C r p r q n r
= (21)x(0.09)x(0.1681)
= 0.3177
Example 2 :
1
The probability that a durian chosen at random from a basket is rotten is . Calculate
20
the probability that exactly 3 durians are rotten if a sample of 10 durians is chosen.
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P(X = r) = n C r p r q n r
1 3 19 103
P(X = 3) = 10 C 3 ( ) ( )
20 20
= (120)x(0.000125)x(0.6983)
= 0.0105
Example 3 :
65% of Form Five students of a school pass the SPM Additional Mathematics paper. If a
sample of 5 student is chosen at random, calculate the probability that all of them pass the
SPM Additional Mathematics paper.
Solution :
p = 65% = 0.65
q = 1 – 0.65 = 0.35
r=5
n=5
P(X = r) = n C r p r q n r
= (1)x(0.116)x(1)
= 0.116
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Example 4 :
The probability that Danial will win a tennis competition is 0.8. If a total of 5 games are played,
find the probability that Danial will win
Solution :
(a) P(X = r) = n C r p r q n r
= (10)x(0.512)x(0.04)
= 0.2048
= 0.9421
= 0.2627
ALTERNATIVE METHOD
= 1 - 0.4096 - 0.3277
= 0.2627
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13.3 ACTIVITY 1
1. During a shooting competition, the probability that Rasyidi will strike the target
is 0.8. If Rasyidi fires 8 shoots, calculate the probability that exactly 7 shots
strike the target.
3. The probability that Rafieq will win a badminton competition is 60%. If a total
of 7 games are played, find the probability that Rafieq will win
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Example :
A fair coin is tossed 4 times continuously. X represents the number of times a head appears.
Solution :
(b) P(X = r) = n C r p r q n r
1 1 1
n = 4, p = , q = 1 - =
2 2 2
1 0 1 4
P(X = 0) = 4 C 0 ( ) ( ) = 0.0625
2 2
1 1 1 3
P(X = 1) = 4 C 1 ( ) ( ) = 0.25
2 2
1 1
P(X = 2) = 4 C 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 = 0.375
2 2
1 1
P(X = 3) = 4 C 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 1 = 0.25
2 2
1 4 1 0
P(X = 4) = 4 C 4 ( ) ( ) = 0.0625
2 2
(c)
r 0 1 2 3 4
P(X = r) 0.0625 0.25 0.375 0.25 0.0625
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P(X= r)
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0 r
0 1 2 3 4
= np 2 = npq = npq
Example 1 :
40% of the students in a school wear spectacles. From a sample of 10 students, calculate the
mean, variance and standard deviation of the number of students who wear spectacles.
Solution :
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Example 2 :
In a group of teachers, the mean and variance of the number of teachers who own a Proton car
are 6 and 2.4 respectively. Find the probability that a teacher chosen at random owns a Proton
car.
Solution :
Mean, = np = 6
np = 6 --------- (1)
(2) npq 2 .4
, =
(1) np 6
q= 0.4
p = 1 – 0.4 = 0.6
Hence, the probability that a teacher chosen at random owns a Proton car is 0.6.
13.6 ACTIVITY 2
1
1. The probability that a papaya chosen at random from a basket is rotten is . If there are 20
16
papayas in the basket, calculate the mean and standard deviation of the rotten papayas in the
basket.
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(a) A club organizes a practice session for trainees on scoring goals from penalty kicks. Each
trainee takes 8 penalty kicks. The probability that a trainee scores a goal from a penalty kick
is p. After the session, it is found that the mean number of goals for a trainee is 4.8.
(i) Find the value of p.
(ii) If a trainee is chosen at random, find the probability that he scores at least one goal.
For this question, give your answer correct to three significant figures.
(a) The result of a study shows that 20% of the pupils in a city cycle to school. If 8 pupils from
the city are chosen at random, calculate the probability that
(i) exactly 2 of them cycle to school,
(ii) less than 3 of them cycle to school.
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13.8 ANSWERS
ACTIVITY 1:
1. 0.3355 2. 0.07776
3. (a) 0.2903
(b) 0.4199
(c) 0.5801
ACTIVITY 2:
3. (a) 0.8976
(b) 15.73
ACTIVITY 3:
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SPM
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS
FORM 5
MODULE 14
PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTIONS
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CONTENT PAGE
2
14.1. CONCEPT MAP
14.2. PROBABILITY IN NORMAL DISTRIBUTION 3
14.3 Score- z 7
1 14.4 ACTIVITY 1 9
14.5 ACTIVITY 2 10
11
14.6. ACTIVITY 3
14.7 SPM QUESTIONS 13
15
14.8. SELF ASSESSMENT
18
14.9. ANSWERS
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14.1 CHAPTER 8
CONCEPT MAP
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS
NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
X ~N ( , )
2
Score- z
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Example 1 :
Find the value of each of the following probabilities by reading the standardised normal
distribution table.
Solution
1.25 1.25
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Solution
-0.23 0.23
Solution
-1.512 1.512
Solution
(e) P(0.4 < Z < 1.2) = P(Z > 0.4) – P(Z > 1.2)
= 0.3446 – 0.1151
= 0.2295
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Solution
(f) P(- 0.828 < Z - 0. 555) = P(Z > 0.555) – P(Z > 0.828)
= 0.28945 – 0.20384
= 0.08561
Solution
(g) P(- 0.255 Z < 0.13) = 1 – P(Z < - 0.255) – P(Z > 0.13)
= 1 – P(Z > 0.255) – P(Z > 0.13)
= 1 – 0.39936 – 0.44828
= 0.15236
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14.3 Score- z
Example 2 :
Solution
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Example 3 :
The masses of the loaves of bread produced by a bakery are normally distributed with a
mean of 400 g and a standard deviation of 15 g. Calculate
Solution
X 405 400 1
Z= = =
15 3
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Hence, if 1000 loaves of bread are produced, the number of loaves that masses between
394 g and 409 g is 0.3811 x 1000 = 381.1 = 381
14.4 Activity 8.1
If Z is the variable for standard normal distribution, find the value for each of the
following:
3. P( Z 2.018) 4 P( Z<-0.5)
.
5 P( Z -0.34) 6. P( Z -3.47)
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1
2. In a normal distribution of a variable X,the standard scores of and 1 have x
2
scores .11 and 12 respectively. Find the mean and standard deviation of the normal
distribution.
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3. The additional mathematics mark for a group of students has a normal distribution
and the mean is 48 while the standard deviation is 5. Determine the probability for
a student to have the mark of
(a) greater than 55
(b) between 40 and 52
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14.7
1.The mass of the workers in a factory is normally distributed with a mean of 67.86 kg
and a variance of 42.25kg².200 of the workers in the factory weigh between 50 kg and 70
kg. Find the total number of worker in the factory.
2.A survey on body-mass is done on a group of students has a normal distribution with a
mean of 50 kg and a standard deviation of 15kg.
(i) If a student is chosen at random,calculate the probability that his mass is less than 41
kg.
(ii) Given that 12% of the students have a mass of more than m kg, find the value of m.
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3.The mass of water- melon chosen randomly from the orchard follows a normal
distribution with a mean of 3.2 kg and a standard deviation of 0.5kg. Find
(i) the probability that a water-melon chosen randomly from the orchard has a mass of
not more than 4.0kg
(ii) the value of m if 60% of the water-melons from the orchard have a mass of more
than m kg.
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1. The life span of a certain machine is normally distributed with mean 1500 days
and standard deviation 30 days.
(a) what is than probability that a machine chosen at random has a life spam of
(i) more than 1532 days
(ii) between 1480 days and 1530 days
(b) Given that 5% of the machines have than spans of more than n days, find the
value of n
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2.The weight of fish reared by a farmer are normally distributed with mean 1.2 kg and
standard deviation 0.1 kg. Calculate
(a) the probability that a fish chosen at random has a weight that is between 0.9kg
and 1.3kg
(b) the percentage of fish with weights less than 1.25 kg
Answer;
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3.The result of a test is normally distributed with mean 55 and standard deviation
10. If the passing mark is at least 40, find the probability of the chosen student
passed the test.
4.The probability for Mazlan whom threw a stone to hit the target is 0.65.Find the
quantity of stones for Mazlan to hit the target at least once so that the probability would
be greater than 0.9
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ANSWERS
14.9 Activity 8.1
1.0.2620 2. 0.4602
3. 0.9782 4. 0.3085
.
5. 0.6331 6. 0.99974
7. 0.1427 8. 0.0987
Activity 8.2
1. 0.25 2. -1.03
3. -1.08 4. -0.19
5. -0.417 6. -3.00
7. 0.600 8. 2.32
Activity 8.3
2. 10, 2
3. (a) 0.0808
(b) 0.7333
4. (i) 0.8413
(ii) 0.0303
(iii) 0.7888
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SELF ASSESSMENT
2. (a) 0.84,
(b) 69.15%
3. 9332
4. 3
SPM QUESTIONS
1. 319 workers
2. (i) 0.2743,
(ii) m=67.625kg
3. (i) 0.9452,
(ii) m=3.0735
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