Lesson 4: descriptive statistics measures of variability x x̄ /x̄-x/ (x̄-x)2 x2

83 82. 8571 0.14 0.0196 6886

Range – distance given by the highest observed value
79 3.86 14.8996 6241
minus the lowest observed value in distribution. 86 3.14 9.8596 7396
Mean Deviation (MD) – average distance between the 82 0.86 0.7396 6724
mean and the scores in the distribution. “Average 78 4.86 23.6296 6084
deviation” 88 5.14 26.4196 7744
84 1.14 1.2996 7056
Variance (σ2) – it is the sum of the squares of the = 580 = 19.14 = 76.86 = 48,134
distribution of the mean.

Standard deviation (σ) – It is the sum of the squares of

the distribution of the mean.

Semi-inter-quartile-range (Q)

Example

83, 79, 86, 82, 78, 88, 84

Range = HOV-LOV

= 88-78

= 10

Mean deviation

MD=∑∣X−X¯∣

= 19.14/7 = 2. 73