Final Exam reviewer in Ged 103:
Jose Rizal, was born in Biñan,
> Blumentritt
- 1890 annotated edition of Morgas Sucesos, printed by
Garner Feres with a prologue written by Blumentritt as
requested by Rizal
- Blumentritt was a very good friend of Rizal, he did not
hesitate to correct two major errors of the book which were,
1). in that appraisal of the events of the past in the light of
present standards and 2). his inferences on the church which
were unfair since the faults and the cruelty of the friars did not
mean the cruelty of the church
- he translated a chapter of the latter’s first book, Noli Me
Tangere, into German and wrote the preface to Rizals second
book, El Filibusterismo
> Collantes
- Jose Rizal was baptized in the catholic church of his town
with father Rufino collantes, the parish priest who baptized
the young hero
> Concepcion
- Concepcion Rizal, also called 'Concha' by her siblings,
was the eight child of the Rizal family. She died at the age of
three. Of his sisters, it is said that Pepe loved most the little
Concha who was a year younger than him
> Damaso
- franciscan friar in Rizals Noli Me Tangere (touch me not)
- there many guest in the party include father Damaso, a fat
Franciscan friar who have been the parish town 20 years at
San Diego (Calamba)
> De la Torre
- The rule of the first liberal governor general in the person of
General de la Torre became significant in the birth of national
consciousness in the 19 century. De la Torre's liberal and pro-
people governance had given Rizal and the Filipinos during
this period a foretaste of a democratic rule and way of life
> Del Pilar
- Rizal Friend, rival, defendant and lawyer
- Rizal and Del Pilar become friends when they were in
Europe after Rizal asked Mariano ponce who was the pen
name Plaridel in the letters sent to him by Ponce for these
letters were impressive for Rizal
> Elias
- An outlaw and vagabond revolutionary who resents the
power the Catholic church and Spanish government have
over the Philippines
> Francisco (May 11, 1818)
- father of the national hero Dr.
Laguna
- He got married to Teodora Alonzo on June 28, 1848 and had
eight children, including Jose Rizal
- As a young industrious and efficient farmer, Francisco was
able to raise a family that was financially comfortable
- he became cabeza de barangay of Calamba
> Florentino
- was the parish priest of the town of Tiani and the adoptive
uncle of Isagani. He eventually came to chelter both don
Tiburcio and Simoun from their respective threats.
> GomBurZa
- 3 native Filipino priests (Padre Mariano Gomez, Padre Jose
Burgos, Padre Jacinto Zamora)
- it influenced his views on liberalism and the colonial
subjects suffering, leading him to develop his own form of
liberalism born out of pain and suffering.
> Guadalupe
- Augustinian friar of Guadalupe published a series of eight
pamphlets under the heading Questions of Supreme Interest
to blast the Noli and other anti-Spanish writing
- Copies of anti-Rizal pamphlets were sold after mass
- Many Filipinos were forced to buy them in order not to
displease the friars
> Isagani
- Basilio's friend and is described as a poet
> Jacinto
- commanded katipunan’s troops in several decisive struggle
where both sides sustained major losses. The Katipunan
movement frightened the Spanish and their supporters in the
country.
- wrote for the official Katipunan newspaper, the Kalayaan.
He also penned the official handbook of the movement, called
the kartilya ng katipunan.
- despite his young age of just 21 Jacinto became a general in
the groups guerrilla army, taking an active role in fight against
the Spain near manila.
> Katigbak
- segunda katigbak was Rizal “ puppy love.” coming from a
wealthy clan in lipa, katigbak was a close friend of rizal’s
sister, olympia mercado.
- katigbak was 14 years old when she meet rizal who was then
16.
> Luis Taviel
- taviel was chosen by rizal to be in lawyer, rizal was given
the chance by the government to find his own lawyer through
the names that the government had given him.
- rizal chose him because he is much confident to have a
friends brother as his lawyer.
> Pedro
- the son of Maestro Cruz, laughed at Rizal's answers and
made fun of him. This was something he did not forget. That
is why during their lunch-break, Rizal challenged Pedro to a
fight. Pedro accepted and to the surprise of his classmates,
Rizal defeated Pedro in their fight
> Rafael
- Rafael Palma focuses on José Rizal, a Filipino nationalist.
Rafael Palma was a senator, governor-general, and university
president who wrote extensively about Rizal and Filipino
history
> Rizal (José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda)
- was a patriot, physician, and man of letters who was an
inspiration to the Philippine nationalist movement
- born June 19, 1861, Calamba, Philippines—died December
30, 1896, Manila
> Saturnina
- She was the eldest sister of Philippine national hero José
Rizal. She was married to Manuel T. Hidalgo, a native and one
of the richest persons in Tanauan, Batangas
- Saturnina gave him a diamond ring on May 1, 1882 when
Rizal began writing farewell
> Simoun
- Simoun is the main character in Jose Rizal's two El
Filibusterismo novels. As Crisostomo Ibarra (which is his real
name), he is the main protagonist in Rizal's first novel, Noli
Me Tangere
> Sisa
- the mother of Basilio and Crispin, who became insane after
losing her sons. She represented in the novel a sad plight of
the Filipina mothers losing her two sons, Basilio and Crispin.
In the novel, Sisa looses her sanity
> Valenzuela (Pio Valenzuela)
- He was instrumental in organizing many Katipunan chapters,
especially in Bulacan. When Rizal was in Dapitan, he was able
to visit him to convince him to join the cause. He also offered
Rizal the plan of shipping him to Hong Kong
> Viola (Maximo Viola)
- “Rizal Travels with Viola” Europe and Dr. Maximo Viola
agreed to be his traveling companion. Advocacy for
nationalism, which inspired the Philippine Revolution
> Weyler (Valeriano Weyler)
- Rizal cited Governor-General Valeriano Weyler (1888-1891)
as a glaring example of a corrupt official. Weyler was believed
to have wrangled money for personal gain from the British-
owned Manila Railway Co., Ltd., which obtained the
concession to build the Manila-Dagupan railroad in 1884
> A la Juventud
- A La Juventud Filipina is an inspiring poem that states that
the Filipino youth are capable of great heights. It urges the
Filipino youth to reach their potential by harnessing their
skills and talents for the betterment of our countrymen
> Applicable (?)
> Birthday
- Rizal: June 19, 1861
> Brother
- Paciano was full ten years older to Rizal, he pursued a
college education in manila.
- Paciano is known to have made a pact with Jose for him to
go to Spain in order to voice to Spain what is truly happening
in the Philippines under the rule of the Spaniards.
> Brown Cardinal
- Simoun, a man of wealth and mystery, is a very close friend
and confidante of the Spanish governor general. Because of
his great influence in Malacañang, he was called “Brown
Cardinal” or the “Black Eminence”
> Century Hence
- Dr. Jose Rizal wrote an essay titled "The Philippines a
Century Hence" in which he attempted to predict the
country's future. Rizal outlined several scenarios for how the
Philippines might evolve over the next century, the first of
which was that our country would remain a Spanish colony
> Colonization
> Colony (New Calamba)
- Rizal proposed to lease at least 5,000 acres of land with an
option to purchase thousands of acres more in North Borneo
for 950 years where he could relocate his family and the
evicted farmers of Calamba and devote themselves to build
an agricultural settlement with him serving as the leader
> Doctor
- Despite concerns for his safety, Rizal returned to his
hometown in 1887 and practiced ophthalmology and general
medicine for nearly a year. His fame as an ophthalmic
surgeon complemented his growing political fame. Filipinos
knew him as a miracle worker who could give sight to the
blind
> El Filibusterismo (The Reign of Greed)
- El Filibusterismo is a sequel to Noli Me Tangere. The novel
is a critique of the Spanish colonial regime in the Philippines,
and it explores themes such as social injustice, corruption,
and the struggle for freedom
> Exile
- Rizal Return to manila was his second homecoming having
stayed abroad since august 1887 or period of almost five yeas.
- he had two reasons for coming home, in spite of the dangers
that he knowingly awaited him 1. To talk personally with
governor despujol of the British north Borneo colonization
project. And 2. To established the Liga Filipina in manila.
> Execution
- Rizal was executed by firing squad in manila on December
30,186. he was found guilty of rebellion against Spain by a
military court and sentenced to death despite his defense
attorney’s arguments.
> Factors
> Indolence
- The Indolence of the Filipino is a socio-political essay
published in La solidaridad in Madrid in 1890. It was written
by José Rizal as a response to the accusation of Indio or Malay
indolence. He admits the existence of indolence among the
Filipinos, but it could be attributed to a number of reasons
> Last reminder
- “Consummatum Est!”(It is finished!) were Rizal's last words
during his execution by firing squad in Bagumbayan on
December 30, 1896. His words are said to have been the
same ones used by Jesus Christ shortly before he died of
crucifixion
> La Liga Filipina
- In the night of July 3, 1892, Dr. Jose Rizal founded and
inaugurated the La Liga Filipina at house No. 176 Ilaya St.,
Tondo. It was formed not for the purpose of independence,
but for mutual aid and protection of its members, and the
fostering of a more united spirit among Filipinos. Its
constitution declared the ends, form, duties of members and
officials, rights of members and officials, the investment of
funds, and general rules
> National Reform
- Rizal's political program included integration of the
Philippines as a province of Spain, representation in the
Cortes (the Spanish parliament), the replacement of Spanish
friars by Filipino priests, freedom of assembly and expression,
and equality of Filipinos and Spaniards before the law
> Nine
- There were at least nine women linked with Rizal;
namely Segunda Katigbak, Leonor Valenzuela, Leonor
Rivera, Consuelo Ortiga, O-Sei San, Gertrude Beckette,
Nelly Boustead, Suzanne Jacoby and Josephine Bracken.
These women might have been beguiled by his intelligence,
charm and wit
- Rizal had nine (9) sisters namely, Saturnina, Narcisa,
Olimpia, Lucia, Maria, Concepcion, Josefa, Trinidad, and
Soledad in his life, the Noli Me Tangere in 1909
> Noli
- in February 21,1887, completed the manuscript.
- march 1887 published the Noli me tangere in berlin,
Germany with the financial help of Dr, Maximo viola.
- passionate exposure of the evils of Spanish rule in the
Philippines.
> RA 1425
- an act to include in the curricula of all public and private
schools, colleges and universities courses on the life, works
and writings of Jose Rizal, particularly his novels Noli me
tangere and El Filibusterismo, authorizing the printing and
Distribution thereof, and for other purposes.
> Rizal Law
- Mandates the inclusion of courses on the life, works, and
writings of Jose Rizal in all public and private schools in the
Philippines.
> Sucessos de las Islas Filipinas
- means “The Philippine Island” in English and was named in
honor of King Philip II of Spain
- means the work of an honest observer, a versatile bureaucrat,
who knew the workings of the administration from the inside
- One of the important worksof the Philippines about the
colonization of Spain, published by Antonio De Morga in
Mexico 1609
- Explains the political, social and economical aspects of a
colonizer and the colonized country
> Bagumbayan (Luneta)
- Martyrdom at Bagumbayan refers to the execution of
national hero Jose Rizal on December 30, 1896, at
Bagumbayan (now known as Luneta Park) in Manila,
Philippines. Rizal's martyrdom holds significant historical and
cultural importance in Philippine history
> Calamba
- birthplace of Jose Rizal

> Dapitan (Zamboanga)

- place where Rizal has been exiled for 4 years

> Hong Kong

- In fact, in 1892, as he contemplated return to the country

before his final imprisonment by Spanish authorities, it was in
Hong Kong that provided Rizal a place of practice as an eye
doctor

- “Una Visita A La Victoria Gaol” (A Visit To Victoria Gaol),

March 2, 1892,Rizal wrote this account of his visit to the
colonial prison of Hong Kong. He contrasted in the article the
harsh Spanish prison system with the modern and more
humane British prison system

- During his stay in hongkong, Rizal made a living by running

an eye clinic on the hongkong island. he also darfted the
constitution of the laliga filipina inspiring the revolutionary
that group that would later spearhead the country's bid for
independence against spain

> Malolos

- Jose Rizal’s legacy to Filipino women is embodied in his

famous essay entitled, “To the Young Women of Malolos,”
where he addresses all kinds of women – mothers, wives, the
unmarried, etc. and expresses everything that he wishes them
to keep in mind

- 'To the Young Women of Malolos' where the letter is

proposed to Gen. Gregorio del Pilar

> Salvadora (May 3, 1882)

- Rizal left Philippines for the first time Spain. He boarded the
Salvadora using a passport of Jose Mercado, which was
procured for him by his uncle Antonio Rivera, father of
Leonor Rivera. He was accompanied to the quay where the
Salvadora was moored by his uncle Antonio, Vicente Gella,
and Mateo Evangelista

> Valenzuela

- Among Rizal's long list of ex-lovers is Leonor "Orang"

Valenzuela, who met Rizal when he was still studying a
medical course at the esteemed University of Santo Tomas.
Valenzuela was the next-door neighbour of Rizal when he
stayed in the house of Doña Concha Leyva in Intramuros