Cold Bent Insulating Glass Units During The Cold Bending Process Final Presentation TU Graz

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Mechanical Behavior of Cold-Bent Insulating Glass Units
Presentation · November 2016
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Franz Nikolaus Pölzl

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FRANZ NIKOLAUS PÖLZL
MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF COLD-BENT INSULATION GLASS UNITS

MASTER‘S THESIS
MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF COLD-BENT INSULATION GLASS UNITS

MASTER‘S THESIS
CONTENTS
1 motivation and objectives
2 bending of glass
3 parameter study
4 conclusions
01
CONTENTS
2 bending of glass
3 parameter study
4 conclusions
01
1 MOTIVATION AND OBJECTIVES
-smooth and aesthetic building skin
-no standardization in structural glazing
-mechanical behavior of cold-bent IGU‘s ???
-economical method at the construction site
„My objective is an outcome which is able

to advance the research in this promising
branch of facade engineering“
02
1 MOTIVATION AND OBJECTIVES
-smooth and aesthetic building skin
-no standardization in structural glazing
-mechanical behavior of cold-bent IGU‘s ???
-economical method at the construction site
My objective is an outcome which is able

to advance the research in this promising
branch of facade engineering.
02
CONTENTS
2 bending of glass
3 parameter study
4 conclusions
03
2 BENDING OF GLASS
methods
-hot-bending
-cold bending
04
2 BENDING OF GLASS
methods
-hot-bending
-well-tried way of bending glass
-reshape flat glass by heat
-reshaping accordingly to the
underlying formwork
-small bending radii are possible
-economical for mass production
-shoddy surface parallelism
-cold bending
04
2 BENDING OF GLASS
methods
-hot-bending
-cold bending
05
2 BENDING OF GLASS
methods
-hot-bending
-cold bending
-is done after the glass is tempered
-hence, it retains it‘s mechanical
properties of safety glass
-smaller bending radii than hot-bent
glass
-good optical quality
-economical for small quantities
05
2 BENDING OF GLASS
insulating glass unit (IGU)
1 glass pane
2 glass pane
3 metallic spacer bar
4 dessicant
5 primary seal (butyl)
6 secondary seal (silicone)
06
MODELLING OF THE IGU
volume element, 2nd order glass panes: volume element, 2nd order
07
volume element, 2nd order glass panes: volume element, 2nd order
secondary seal: volume element, 2nd order
07
shell element, 2nd order glass panes: volume element, 2nd order
spacer bar: shell element, 2nd order
07
butyl (primary seal) is neglected glass panes: volume element, 2nd order
primary seal: is neglected
07
butyl (primary seal) is neglected glass panes: volume element, 2nd order
primary seal: is neglected
07
glass panes: volume element, 2nd order
master primary seal: is neglected
/\/\/\/\/\/\/\
master/slave contact tied
/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/
tied all interactions are described by
static interaction properties either by
slave to the glass panes slave
master to secondary seal master/slave interactions with hard contact
or by tying the parts together
tied
master/slave contact /\/\/\/\/\/\/\ tied
master
08
CONTENTS
2 bending of glass
3 parameter study
4 conclusions
09
IGU MODELS
10
IGU MODELS
single-curved double-curved
or or
single-bent double-bent
10
single-bent double- parameter
parameter study case study
IGU bent IGU study
reference thickness of the reference support situation thickness of the

model glass pane model 1 glass pane
parameter depth of the support situation

cavity
case study 2
aspect ratio
study
young‘s modulus parameter

outcome support situation
of the secondary
study 3
seal
stainless steel
spacer and outcome
aluminum spacer
aspect ratio
11
SINGLE-BENT IGU
thickness of the glass panes
///////////
x=y=z=0
z
x
12
SINGLE-BENT IGU
z
x
12
SINGLE-BENT IGU
///////////
x=y=z=0
z
x
12
SINGLE-BENT IGU
13
IGU bent IGU study


cavity
case study 2
aspect ratio
study

of the secondary
study 3
seal
stainless steel
spacer and outcome
aluminum spacer
aspect ratio
14
IGU bent IGU study


cavity
case study 2
aspect ratio
study

of the secondary
study 3
seal
stainless steel
spacer and outcome
aluminum spacer
aspect ratio
14
SINGLE-BENT IGU
Glass pane 2
Secondary
IGU Spacer
Seal Glass pane 1
Glass pane 1 IGU

///////////
x=y=z=0
/////////////////////////////
x=y=z=0
15
SINGLE-BENT IGU
16
SINGLE-BENT IGU
10 mm
8 mm
6 mm
16
SINGLE-BENT IGU
10 mm
8 mm
6 mm
16
SINGLE-BENT IGU
glass pane 2, 6mm
10 mm
8 mm
6 mm glass pane 1, 6 mm
glass pane 2, 10 mm
the „other“ glass pane thickness (glass pane 2)
does not have a significant influence on the stress
in the considered glass pane (glass pane 1)
glass pane 1, 6 mm
16
SINGLE-BENT IGU
stainless steel vs. aluminum spacer bars
glass pane 2
axis 5-5
axis 6-6
glass pane 1
axis 5-5
axis 6-6
subconstruction
17
SINGLE-BENT IGU
axis 5-5
axis 6-6
Stainless steel
Aluminum
17
SINGLE-BENT IGU
yielding of stainless steel at 230 N/mm²
axis 5-5
axis 6-6
Stainless steel
Aluminum
17
SINGLE-BENT IGU
Aluminum spacer bar

reaches ultimate strength
axis 5-5
axis 6-6
Stainless steel
Aluminum
17
SINGLE-BENT IGU
aspect ratio / length of the IGU
18
SINGLE-BENT IGU
18
SINGLE-BENT IGU
18
SINGLE-BENT IGU
18
SINGLE-BENT IGU
5.6%
25%
18
SINGLE-BENT IGU
5.6% 12.5%
25%
18
DOUBLE-BENT IGU
x z
19
DOUBLE-BENT IGU
x z
19
DOUBLE-BENT IGU
x z
19
DOUBLE-BENT IGU
20
IGU bent IGU study


cavity
case study 2
aspect ratio
study

of the secondary
study 3
seal
stainless steel
spacer and outcome
aluminum spacer
aspect ratio
21
DOUBLE-BENT IGU
22
DOUBLE-BENT IGU
23
DOUBLE-BENT IGU
membrane
stresses
no membrane
stresses
23
DOUBLE-BENT IGU
23
DOUBLE-BENT IGU
23
DOUBLE-BENT IGU
deformation
plateau
anticlastic
shape
23
CONTENTS
2 bending of glass
3 parameter study
4 conclusions
24
4 CONCLUSIONS
-Glass pane thickness in the thicker of both glass panes determines the maximum
principal stress
25
4 CONCLUSIONS
principal stress
-Aluminum as a material for spacer bars is not suitable due to it‘s low ductility
25
4 CONCLUSIONS
principal stress
-Spacer bars have to be made out of a ductile material
-Stainless steel as a material for spacer bars is suitable
25
4 CONCLUSIONS
principal stress
-The shear deformation, hence the strain in the edge zone is high
-High performance structural silicone for long-term applications
25
4 CONCLUSIONS
principal stress
-The shear deformation, hence the strain in the edge zone is high
-High performance structural silicone for long-term applications
-Membrane stresses in the glass panes occur for small aspect ratios and thin glass
pane thicknesses for the double-bent IGU
→ Prevent a perfectly anticlastic shape
→ Can be an issue regarding the optical quality
25
Thank you for your attention

SINGLE-BENT IGU
depth of the cavity
SINGLE-BENT IGU
young‘s modulus of the secondary seal
DOUBLE-BENT IGU
DOUBLE-BENT CASE STUDIES
support situations
1 2
3
MESH SIZE
Part Seeding method Mesh size

Glass pane By size, double 0.01 to 0.1 m
Secondary seal, By size, double 0.005 to 0.05 m
circumferential
Secondary seal along its By number, 4/3 0.005/0.003 m
height/width
Spacer along its length By size, double 0.005 to 0.05 m
Spacer along its By number, 4/3 0.005/0.003 m
height/width
Subconstruction By size, double 0.02 to 0.2 m
04
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See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

Mechanical Behavior of Cold-Bent Insulating Glass Units

Presentation · November 2016

Franz Nikolaus Pölzl

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF COLD-BENT INSULATION GLASS UNITS

MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF COLD-BENT INSULATION GLASS UNITS

„My objective is an outcome which is able

My objective is an outcome which is able

reference thickness of the reference support situation thickness of the

parameter depth of the support situation

young‘s modulus parameter

reference thickness of the reference support situation thickness of the

parameter depth of the support situation

young‘s modulus parameter

reference thickness of the reference support situation thickness of the

parameter depth of the support situation

young‘s modulus parameter

Glass pane 1 IGU

yielding of stainless steel at 230 N/mm²

Aluminum spacer bar

reference thickness of the reference support situation thickness of the

parameter depth of the support situation

young‘s modulus parameter

Thank you for your attention

Part Seeding method Mesh size

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