Zootaxa 5125 (1): 075–091 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition)

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Copyright © 2022 Magnolia Press
Article ZOOTAXA
ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition)
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5125.1.5
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:00C1EB04-34B0-4009-9BD3-60E0429A050B

Redescription of Nanomysis siamensis W.M. Tattersall, 1921 (Crustacea: Mysida)

after 100 years, with an update of its distribution in the Songkhla Lagoon System,
southern Thailand
ROFIZA YOLANDA1*, SHOZO SAWAMOTO2 & VACHIRA LHEKNIM1,3
1
Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, 90112, Songkhla,Thailand,
� padangers@gmail.com; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7792-0783
2
School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokai University, 20–21 Orido, Shimizu, Shizuoka 424–8610, Japan. Present address:
Tsukimi-cho 20-21, Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka 424-0853, Japan
� sawamoto@scc.u-tokai.ac.jp
3�
vachira.l@psu.ac.th; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1668-2707
*
Corresponding author

Abstract

Nanomysis siamensis W.M. Tattersall, 1921 is a shallow water mysid which was first described from the Thale Luang
and the Thale Sap waters, Songkhla Lagoon System in southern Thailand. Recently, this species was captured further
south, in the Thale Sap Songkhla waters. In this study, we provide updated records on spatial distribution of the species
in the Songkhla Lagoon System. A total of 272 individuals of this species were observed, and illustrations of the body
including all appendages are presented. Among them, the mandible, maxillule and maxilla are described for the first time.
Morphological characteristics of N. siamensis are compared with other two known species of the genus Nanomysis.

Key words: Nanomysis siamensis, Taxonomy, Thale Luang, Thale Sap, Thale Sap Songkhla

Introduction

The Songkhla Lagoon System is one of the largest lagoon in southern Thailand (1,082 km2) and the system is
comprised of four main connected water bodies from north to south; Thale Noi, Thale Luang, Thale Sap and
Thale Sap Songkhla (Fig. 1; see also Lheknim & Yolanda 2020). The history of the mysid study in the Songkhla
Lagoon System was since the study by W.M. Tattersall (1921) reporting two species, Nanomysis siamensis and
Rhopalophthalmus egregius collected at four sites; two in Thale Luang and two in Thale Sap. To date (after 100
years), Yolanda (2021) has identified four species of mysids in the Thale Sap and Thale Sap Songkhla waters from
2017 to 2019, namely Heteromysoides songkhlaensis, Mesopodopsis tenuipes, N. siamensis and R. hastatus, but no
R. egregius was found during the survey. So far, five mysid species have been recorded in the Songkhla Lagoon
System. Overall, a total of 70 species of mysids have been reported from Thailand waters, including the Andaman
Sea (see W.M. Tattersall 1921, 1922; Pillai 1973; Murano 1988, 1995; Fukuoka & Murano 2002; Panampunnayil
2002; Fukuoka et al. 2005; Hanamura et al. 2008a, 2011; Moriya et al. 2015; Yolanda et al. 2019; Yolanda 2021).
The mysid genus Nanomysis W.M. Tattersall, 1921 contains three species: N. siamensis W.M. Tattersall, 1921,
N. insularis Nouvel, 1957 and N. philippinensis Murano, 1997. The first species was known from the Songkhla
Lagoon System, southern Thailand and designed as the type species of this genus (W.M. Tattersall 1921). The
second species was discovered from Jember (east Java, Indonesia) (Nouvel 1957) and also from Singapore (O.S.
Tattersall 1960). And the last species was found from the Philippines (Murano 1997). Information about the mysid
N. siamensis is still very limited in the taxonomical aspect. Recently, ecology of this species was reported by
Lheknim & Yolanda (2020) and Yolanda & Lheknim (2021), with a special emphasis on its spatial and temporal
occurrences at the Thale Sap and Thale Sap Songkhla, Songkhla Lagoon System, southern Thailand.
Lheknim and Yolanda (2020) mentioned that N. siamensis was very abundant as a common planktonic crustacean

Accepted by K. Meland: 16 Mar. 2022; published: 7 Apr. 2022 75

in the Songkhla Lagoon System. Unfortunately, despite a high abundance the actual distribution of this species is
poorly known, in a large part due to insufficient documentation for identification, where only a few morphological
characters were described and illustrated, based on a few specimens. Here, after 100 years of neglect, based on
sampling collections from the species type locality and surrounding waters in the entire Songkhla Lagoon System,
we investigate total distribution and provide a full redescription of Nanomysis siamensis.

Material and methods

Mysid specimens were collected by using a modified Riley’s hand push net with a mouth frame of 30 × 50 cm
(height × width), equipped with two 2.5 m long nets (mesh-size: 2 mm and 0.5 mm) (Yolanda et al. 2019; Yolanda
& Lheknim 2021). The net was pushed forward for 30 m along the shallow zone of the Songkhla Lagoon System
at two sites of each station with three replicates at the three main water bodies; Thale Luang, Thale Sap and Thale
Sap Songkhla at 22 stations (Fig. 1). Sampling dates were 19 February 2019, 19–20 April 2019, 19–20 May 2019,
19 June 2019, 03–04 December 2019 and 23–24 June 2020. Several water variables, such as depth, salinity and
temperature were measured directly during sampling session using stick meter and a digital AZ instrument (AZ
8371)
Specimens collected were fixed with 4% formalin solution in the field and brought back to the laboratory. In
the laboratory, the specimens were sorted and then transferred to 70% ethanol for further study.
The body length (BL) was measured from the tip of the rostrum to the distal end of the telson, excluding
apical spines, by using an ocular micrometer. Illustrations were made with the aid of a camera lucida. The marginal
setae of some appendages, especial­ly the antennal scale, thoracopodal exopods and uropods were omitted from the
illustrations. The specimens were identified following W.M. Tattersall (1921), Nouvel (1957) and Murano (1997).
Terminology was based mainly on W.M. Tattersall & O.S. Tattersall (1951), Wittmann et al. (2014) and Meland et al.
(2015). Specimens examined in this study are deposited in the collection of Prince of Songkla University Zoological
Collection (PSUZC), at the Princess Maha Chakri Sirind­horn Natural History Museum, Prince of Songkla Universi­
ty in Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.

Results and discussion

Order Mysida Boas, 1883

Family Mysidae Haworth, 1825

Subfamily Mysinae Haworth, 1825

Tribe Mysini Haworth, 1825

Genus Nanomysis W.M. Tattersall, 1921

Diagnosis. Carapace armed with many small spines on anterior margin. First, second and fifth pleopods of male
rudimentary, without segment, while all pleopods (first to fifth) of female rudimentary, non-segmented. Third
pleopod of male biramous, endopod without segment and exopod with three segments; exopod longer than endopod,
first segment longest about five times of second and third segment with several setae on the outer margin; second
and third almost equal in length forming one single seta at the postero-margin and single seta in the terminal. Fourth
pleopod of male biramous; endopod without segment; exopod very long with four segments; first segment longest
about twice as the exopod with several setae at the outer margin; second and third subequal in length; third segment
with a long terminal seta; fourth segment shortest with two terminal setae. Antennal scale lanceolatus, setose along
the margin, apex narrow but not pointed. Carpopropodus of endopods of third to eighth thoracic with three or four
segments. Endopod of uropod without spines on inner margin. Telson short; posterior margin convex, straight or
concave, not split, armed with a comb of spines between last lateral spines; lateral margins armed with spines

76 · Zootaxa 5125 (1) © 2022 Magnolia Press YOLANDA et al.

FIGURE 1. Map showing the sampling stations of Nanomysis siamensis W.M. Tattersall, 1921 in the Songkhla Lagoon System,
southern Thailand. The black stars and red star indicate the four stations of W.M. Tattersall (1921). The red one indicates the type
locality of the species and numbered 22 black dots are for the present study.

REDESCRIPTION OF NANOMYSIS SIAMENSIS Zootaxa 5125 (1) © 2022 Magnolia Press · 77

Nanomysis siamensis W.M. Tattersall, 1921
Figs 2–5

Nanomysis siamensis W.M. Tattersall, 1921: 409–410, pl. 15, figs. 7–10; –– O.S. Tattersall, 1960: 179 (in part).

Type locality. A little south of the mouth of the Phatthalung river, Thale Luang (formerly known as Talé Sap), Siam
(W.M. Tattersall 1921).
Material examined. In the following study we chose to base our description on mature adults only. Detailed
station data is presented in Table 1.

Station 1. Thale Sap (7°23’12.62”N, 100°16’21.06”E), 12 adult males (BL 3.4–4.8 mm), 10 adult females with
empty marsupium (BL 3.3–5.4 mm), two ovigerous females with eyeless larvae (BL. 4.1 and 4.2 mm) and two
ovigerous females with eyed larvae (BL. 4.2 and 4.3 mm).
Station 2. Thale Sap (7°23’8.71”N, 100°19’18.72”E), five adult males (BL 3.5–4.3 mm), four adult females with
empty marsupium (BL 3.6–4.3 mm) and one ovigerous female with egg (BL. 4.0 mm).
Station 3. Thale Sap (7°19’34.50”N, 100°24’31.45”E), 10 adult males (BL 3.1–4.0 mm), four adult females with
empty marsupium (BL 3.7–4.2 mm), four ovigerous females with egg (BL 3.3–4.1 mm) and two ovigerous
females with eyeless larvae (BL 3.1 & 4.2 mm).
Station 4. Thale Sap (7°20’58.68”N, 100°25’31.56”E), five adult males (BL 3.5–4.1 mm), one ovigerous female
with egg (BL 4.0 mm), one ovigerous female with eyeless larvae (BL 4.0 mm) and three ovigerous females with
eyed larvae (BL 3.8–4.7 mm).
Station 5. Thale Sap, (7°16’30.89”N, 100°25’17.21”E), 11 adult males (BL 3.3–4.6 mm), seven adult females with
empty marsupium (BL 3.8–4.6 mm), one ovigerous female with egg (BL 4.3 mm), two ovigerous females with
eyeless larvae (BL 4.9 & 5.0 mm) and two ovigerous females with eyed larvae (BL 4.2 & 4.5 mm).
Station 6. Thale Sap Songkhla (7°14’32.41”N, 100°25’50.57”E), five adult males (BL 3.3–3.7 mm), two ovigerous
females with egg (BL 3.4 & 3.8 mm), one ovigerous female with eyeless larvae (BL 3.6 mm) and two ovigerous
females with eyed larvae (BL 3.8 & 4.2 mm).
Station 7. Thale Sap Songkhla (7°15’18.77”N, 100°28’11.86”E), five adult males (BL 3.7–4.4 mm), three adult
females with empty marsupium (BL 4.3–4.9 mm) and two ovigerous females with eyeless larvae (BL 4.4 & 4.8
mm).
Station 8. Thale Sap Songkhla (7°13’14.67”N, 100°31’24.12”E), five adult males (BL 3.7–4.1 mm) and five adult
females with empty marsupium (BL 4.4–4.6 mm).
Station 9. Thale Sap Songkhla (7°11’45.16”N, 100°33’33.76”E), five adult males (BL 3.4–4.0 mm), one adult
female with empty marsupium (BL 4.9 mm), two ovigerous females with egg (BL 4.2 & 4.3 mm) and two
ovigerous females with eyed larvae (BL 4.0 & 4.3 mm).
Station 10. Thale Sap Songkhla (7°09’48.71”N, 100°34’28.17”E), five adult males (BL 3.4–4.2 mm) and five adult
females with empty marsupium (BL 3.8–4.7 mm).
Station 11. Thale Sap Songkhla (7°8’11.31”N, 100°29’35.21”E), five adult males (BL 3.3–3.4 mm) and five adult
females with empty marsupium (BL 3.5–4.5 mm).
Station 12. Thale Sap Songkhla (7°10’15.03”N, 100°25’28.78”E), five adult males (BL 3.4–4.2 mm), three ovigerous
females with egg (BL 3.6–3.8 mm) and two ovigerous females with eyeless larvae (BL 4.0 & 4.2 mm).
Station 13. Thale Luang (7°33’1.70”N, 100°15’56.30”E), two adult males (BL 3.4 & 4.2 mm), four adult females
with empty marsupium (BL 4.1–4.6 mm) and one ovigerous female with egg (BL 4.6 mm).
Station 14. Thale Luang (7°45’57.70”N, 100°17’57.00”E), 10 adult males (BL 2.9–4.2 mm), six adult females with
empty marsupium (BL 3.1–4.0 mm), three ovigerous females with egg (BL 3.0–3.4 mm) and one ovigerous
female with eyeless larvae (BL 3.5 mm).
Station 15. Thale Luang (7°47’49.20”N, 100°15’53.80”E), six adult males (BL 3.3–4.0 mm), one adult female
with empty marsupium (BL 3.4 mm), one ovigerous female with egg (BL 3.3 mm), two ovigerous females with
eyeless larvae (BL 3.6 & 3.7 mm) and one ovigerous female with eyed larvae (BL 3.4 mm).
Station 16. Thale Luang (7°46’49.10”N, 100°12’17.40”E), five adult males (BL 3.0–4.2 mm), two adult females
with empty marsupium (BL 3.4 & 3.5 mm), two ovigerous females with egg (BL 3.3 & 3.3 mm) and one
ovigerous female with eyeless larvae (BL 3.1 mm).

78 · Zootaxa 5125 (1) © 2022 Magnolia Press YOLANDA et al.

 Table 1. Detailed information about the stations data during this study.
Coordinates Localities Depth Salinity Temp. Substrate Date Collector
(meter) (psu) (oC)
Station 1
PSUZC-20190219-01B.01 7°23’12.62”N Ban Laem, Tambon Falamee, Pak 1.0 0.16 29.75 Muddy 19 February 2019 Naratip Tubtimtong
PSUZC-20191204-03.01 100°16’21.06”E Payoon District, Phatthalung Province, 1.0 0.73 26.8 Muddy 04 December 2019 Rofiza Yolanda
PSUZC-20200624-03.01 Thailand 0.7 5.61 31.2 Muddy 24 June 2020 Vachira Lheknim
Station 2
PSUZC-20190519-02.01 7°23’8.71”N Ban Chong Faun, Tambon Koh Mak, 1.0 14.5 32.35 Muddy 19 May 2019 Naratip Tubtimtong
100°19’18.72”E Pak Payoon District, Phatthalung Prov- Rofiza Yolanda
ince, Thailand Vachira Lheknim

REDESCRIPTION OF NANOMYSIS SIAMENSIS

Station 3
PSUZC-20190519-04.01 7°19’34.50”N Ban Koh Nang Kum, Pak Payoon Dis- 1.2 15.3 32.45 Muddy 19 May 2019 Naratip Tubtimtong
PSUZC-20200624-08.01 100°24’31.45”E trict, Phatthalung Province, Thailand 1.2 11.8 32.6 Muddy 24 June 2020 Rofiza Yolanda
Vachira Lheknim
Station 4
PSUZC-20190519-04.02 7°20’58.68”N Ban Bang Kiat, Bang Kiat, Singha- 1.1 14.05 31.9 Muddy 19 May 2019 Naratip Tubtimtong
100°25’31.56”E Nakhon District, Songkhla Province, Rofiza Yolanda
Thailand Vachira Lheknim
Station 5
PSUZC-20190519-05.01 7°16’30.89”N, Ban Laem Chak, Tambon Pak Ror, 1.3 18.9 31 Muddy 19 May 2019 Naratip Tubtimtong
PSUZC-20191204-04.01 100°25’17.21”E Singha-Nakhon District, Songkhla Prov- 1.0 2.89 27.2 Muddy 04 December 2019 Rofiza Yolanda
PSUZC-20200624-09.01 ince, Thailand 1.0 7.95 30.7 Muddy 24 June 2020 Vachira Lheknim
Station 6
PSUZC-20190519-06.02 7°14’32.41”N, Ban Tai, Tambon Khuan So, Khuan 1.0 23.6 30.1 Muddy 19 May 2019 Naratip Tubtimtong
100°25’50.57”E Niang District, Songkhla Province, Rofiza Yolanda
Thailand Vachira Lheknim
Station 7
PSUZC-20190519-07.02 7°15’18.77”N, Ban Pa Khad, Tambon Pa Khad, Singha- 1.2 20.45 31.05 Muddy 19 May 2019 Naratip Tubtimtong
100°28’11.86”E Nak­hon District, Songkhla Province, Rofiza Yolanda
Thailand Vachira Lheknim

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79
 TABLE 1. (Continued)
Coordinates Localities Depth Salinity Temp. Substrate Date Collector
(meter) (psu) (oC)
Station 8
PSUZC-20190520-02.01 7°13’14.67”N, Ban Bo Pab, Tambon Sathing Mor, 1.5 30.2 31.4 Muddy 20 May 2019 Naratip Tubtimtong
100°31’24.12”E Singha-Nakhon District, Songkhla Prov- Rofiza Yolanda
ince, Thailand Vachira Lheknim
Station 9
PSUZC-20190420-03.01 7°11’45.16”N, Ban Hua Khao, Tambon Hua Khao, 1.5 32.2 33.2 Muddy 20 April 2019 Naratip Tubtimtong
100°33’33.76”E Singha-Nakhon District, Songkhla Prov- Rofiza Yolanda
ince, Thailand Vachira Lheknim
Station 10
PSUZC-20190420-04.01 7°09’48.71”N, Ban Khok Rai, Tambon Pawong, Muang 1.4 22.95 33.15 Muddy 20 April 2019 Naratip Tubtimtong

80 · Zootaxa 5125 (1) © 2022 Magnolia Press

100°34’28.17”E Songkhla District, Songkhla Province, Rofiza Yolanda
Thailand Vachira Lheknim
Station 11
PSUZC-20190419-11.02 7°8’11.31”N, Ban Bang Node, Tambon Khu Tao, 1.5 20.4 32 Muddy 20 April 2019 Naratip Tubtimtong
100°29’35.21”E Hat Yai District, Songkhla Province, Rofiza Yolanda
Thailand Vachira Lheknim
Station 12
PSUZC-20190619-12.01 7°10’15.03”N, Ban Khok Muang, Tambon Bang Riang, 1.3 28.35 29.75 Muddy 19 June 2019 Naratip Tubtimtong
100°25’28.78”E Khuan Niang District, Songkhla Prov- Rofiza Yolanda
ince, Thailand Vachira Lheknim
Station 13
PSUZC-20191203-03.01 7°33’1.70”N, Ban Laem Kula, Tambon Ko Yai, 1.3 1.87 28.3 Muddy 03 December 2019 Naratip Tubtimtong
100°15’56.30”E Krasae-Sinth District, Songkhla Prov- Rofiza Yolanda
ince, Thailand Vachira Lheknim
Station 14
PSUZC-20191203-04.01 7°45’57.70”N, Ban Pak Bang Ranod, Tambon Ranod, 1.4 3.23 29.7 Muddy 03 December 2019 Naratip Tubtimtong
100°17’57.00”E Ranod District, Songkhla Province, Rofiza Yolanda
Thailand Vachira Lheknim
PSUZC-20200623-04.01 1.0 2.26 32.0 Muddy 23 June 2020
Station 15
......continued on the next page

YOLANDA et al.
 TABLE 1. (Continued)
Coordinates Localities Depth Salinity Temp. Substrate Date Collector
(meter) (psu) (oC)
PSUZC-20191203-05.01 7°47’49.20”N, Ban Pak Bang Ta-Kreae, Moo 4, Tam- 0.7 1.49 28.3 Muddy 03 December 2019 Naratip Tubtimtong
PSUZC-20200623-05.01 100°15’53.80”E bon Ta-Kreae, Ranod District, Songkhla 1.0 2.89 31.9 Muddy 23 June 2020 Rofiza Yolanda
Province, Thailand Vachira Lheknim
Station 16
PSUZC-20200623-06.01 7°46’49.10”N, Unnamed Meditation Centre, Ban Ta- 1.0 1.93 32.5 Muddy 23 June 2020 Naratip Tubtimtong
100°12’17.40”E Kreae Lang, Ranod District, Songkhla Rofiza Yolanda
Province, Thailand Vachira Lheknim
Station 17

REDESCRIPTION OF NANOMYSIS SIAMENSIS

PSUZC-20200623-07.01 7°41’39.50”N, Ban Pak Pra, Tambon Lam Pam, Muang 1.0 2.54 32.5 Muddy 23 June 2020 Naratip Tubtimtong
100°08’49.60”E Phatthalung District, Phatthalung Prov- Rofiza Yolanda
ince, Thailand Vachira Lheknim
Station 18
PSUZC-20191203-06.01 7°37’0.30”N, Ban Chai Tung, Tambon Lam Pam, 1.0 0.38 27.7 Muddy 03 December 2019 Naratip Tubtimtong
PSUZC-20200623-08.01 100°09’21.50”E Muang Phatthalung District, Phattha- 1.0 1.76 32.9 Muddy 23 June 2020 Rofiza Yolanda
lung Province, Thailand Vachira Lheknim
Station 19
PSUZC-20191204-01.01 7°29’51.80”N, Ban Chong Thanon, Tambon Chong 0.6 0.22 28.3 Muddy 04 December 2019 Naratip Tubtimtong
100°13’19.60”E Thanon, Khao Chaison District, Phat- Rofiza Yolanda
thalung Province, Thailand Vachira Lheknim
Station 20
PSUZC-20191204-02.01 7°26’26.80”N, Ban Hat Kai Tao, Tambon Na Pa Ko, 1.2 0.88 26.6 Muddy 04 December 2019 Naratip Tubtimtong
PSUZC-20200624-02.01 100°14’4.30”E Khao Chaison District, Phatthalung 0.6 2.03 30.2 Muddy 24 June 2020 Rofiza Yolanda
Province, Thailand Vachira Lheknim
Station 21
PSUZC-20191204-06.01 7°22’26.90”N, Ban Muang Mai Ko Mak, Pak Payoon 1.0 1.85 27.0 Muddy 04 December 2019 Naratip Tubtimtong
PSUZC-20200624-04.01 100°20’58.10”E District, Phatthalung Province, Thailand 1.0 9.53 32.1 Muddy 24 June 2020 Rofiza Yolanda
Vachira Lheknim

Station 22
PSUZC-20191204-08.01 7°25’31.80”N, Ban Khao Chun, Tambon Koh Mak, Pak 1.0 3.08 27.3 Muddy 04 December 2019 Naratip Tubtimtong

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PSUZC-20200624-07.01 100°20’17.80”E Payoon District, Phatthalung Province, 1.0 7.95 34.2 Muddy 24 June 2020 Rofiza Yolanda
Thailand Vachira Lheknim

81
Station 17. Thale Luang (7°41’39.50”N, 100°08’49.60”E), five adult males (BL 3.1–4.1 mm), one adult female
with empty marsupium (BL 3.7 mm), two ovigerous females with egg (BL 3.1 & 3.3 mm) and two ovigerous
females with eyeless larvae (BL 3.2 & 3.3 mm).
Station 18. Thale Luang (7°37’0.30”N, 100°09’21.50”E), six adult males (BL 3.3–3.7 mm), one adult female with
empty marsupium (BL 3.5 mm), one ovigerous female with egg (BL 3.2 mm), two ovigerous females with
eyeless larvae (BL 3.5 & 3.5 mm) and two ovigerous females with eyed larvae (BL 3.4& 3.5 mm).
Station 19. Thale Luang (7°29’51.80”N, 100°13’19.60”E), one adult male (BL 4.3 mm), one adult female with
empty marsupium (BL 4.5 mm), one ovigerous female with egg (BL 4.2 mm) and two ovigerous females with
eyeless larvae (BL 4.2 & 4.5 mm).
Station 20. Thale Sap (7°26’26.80”N, 100°14’4.30”E), seven adult males (BL 3.2–4.3 mm), five adult females with
empty marsupium (BL 3.3–4.5 mm), one ovigerous female with egg (BL 4.5 mm) and one ovigerous female
with eyeless larvae (BL 4.3 mm).
Station 21. Thale Sap (7°22’26.90”N, 100°20’58.10”E), six adult males (BL 3.4–3.8 mm), two ovigerous females
with egg (BL 3.6 & 3.7 mm), two ovigerous females with eyeless larvae (BL 4.2 & 4.2 mm) and one ovigerous
female with eyed larvae (BL 4.1 mm).
Station 22. Thale Sap (7°25’31.80”N, 100°20’17.80”E), five adult males (BL 3.6–4.5 mm), one adult female with
empty marsupium (BL 3.3 mm), one ovigerous female with egg (BL 3.6 mm) and four ovigerous females with
eyeless larvae (BL 4.0 – 4.6 mm).

Description. Head and cephalic appendages: carapace with anterior margin obtusely produced into wide, sub-
triangu­lar or rounded rostrum, frontal margin fringed with several short spines and bearing single stout triangular
median process (Fig. 2C, D); cervical groove distinct at anterior 1/4 of carapace, posterior margin excavated, leaving
last thoracic somite uncovered in dorsal view, but sufficiently covered laterally: antero-ventral corner rounded (Fig.
2A, B).
Eyes: slightly depressed dorsoventrally and slightly longer than wide, cornea occupying two-fifths of whole eye
in dorsal view (Fig. 2C, D).
Antennule: antennular peduncle of male; first article 1.7 times as long as broad, four hooked setae present at
about 1/3 part of lateral margin, distolateral corner armed with four short simple setae and one long curved plumose
seta; second article shortest, with dorsal projection bearing four short simple setae and distal part with one plumose
seta; third article 1.5 times as long as broad, with short triangular median process and four short plumose setae, inner
lateral flagellum swollen at basal part, forming male lobe and its mesial margin densely hirsute with long setae (Fig.
2C, E); antennular peduncle of female more slender than male, first article 2.3 times as long as broad, four hooked
setae at posterior 1/3 part of lateral margin, distolateral corner armed with four short simple setae and one long curve
plumose seta; second article shortest, with dorsal projection bearing four simple setae, which are longer than male,
and distal part with one plumose seta; third article 2.0 times as long as broad, with short triangular median process
and four short plumose setae, distomesial corner with two plumose setae and one short simple seta (Fig. 2D, F).
Antenna: antennal scale slender, lanceolate, slightly longer than antennular peduncle and about 6.2 to 6.8 times
as long as broad, setose all around, with apical suture; antennal peduncle extending middle part of antennal scale;
first article shortest; second article about 1.5 times as long as broad in male and slightly longer than in female; third
article 2/3 in length of second article, with four setae; antennal sympod with spine-like process at distal corner (Fig.
2G, H).
Labrum: subglobular in shape, asymmetric, anterior part with short projection, distolateral corner with 2 pairs
of projections, posterior part with shallow depression bearing very smooth setae (Fig. 2I).
Mandible: mandibular palp with three articles; first article shortest; second article longest and widened at
middle, with barbed setae on both margins, two at middle part of inner margin and seven or eight setae on outer
external margin; third article about 1/3 length of the second article, armed with 14 short barbed setae, one long
barbed seta and one short seta (Fig. 2J); incisor process well-developed and comprised of a series of teeth forming
serrated sharp ridge; lacinia mo­bilis showing different shapes in right and left mandibles, and spine row and molar
process clearly visible (Fig. 2K).
Maxillule: well-developed, basal lobe with nine stout spines on apical margin and three setae on its surface;
precoxal lobe with five long barbed setae and four simple setae (Fig. 2L).
Maxilla: exopod slender, reaching distal article of endopod, outer margin with numerous smooth setae, one

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short plumose seta and apical margin with one long plumose seta; distal segment of endopod longer than proximal
one; basal and coxal en­dites well-developed, with dense setae (Fig. 2M).
Thoracopods: flagelliform part of first (Fig. 3A) and eighth thoracopodal exopods (Fig. 4D) composed of eight
articles, while second (Fig. 3C) to seventh thoracopodal exopods (Fig. 4C) with nine articles. First thoracopo­dal
endopod (maxilliped 1) short and basis well developed, larger than endite; medial margins of carpus, propodus
and dactylus heavily setose (Fig. 3A, B). Second thoracopodal endo­pod (maxilliped 2) stout; basis with two setae;
preischium shortest with two setae; ischium longer than preischium with seven setae; merus longest with four setae;
carpopropodus 0.8 times as long as merus, with several barbed setae; dactylus 0.4 times as long as carpopropodus
with several barbed setae (Fig. 3C, D). Third to seventh thoracopodal endopods (pereopods) sim­ilar in form
(Figs. 3E, F, 4A–C) and more slender than second (Fig. 3C); basis with one or two plumose setae; preischium
shortest with one or two setae; ischium of third to fifth thoracopodal endopods subequal in length to merus and
the sixth to seventh thoracopodal endopods slightly longer than merus; ischium and merus armed with several
setae; carpopropodus constituting three sub-segments with several setae; dactylus with long stout nail with several
setae. Eighth thoracopodal endopod longest; basis with one simple seta and one plumose seta; preischium shortest;
ischium about half of merus with one simple seta; merus armed with several setae and one antler-shaped spine;
carpopropodus constituting four sub-segments with three antler-shaped spines in male (Fig. 4D) and four spines in
female (Fig. 2B); dactylus with long stout nail with several setae (Fig. 4D). Penis short (Fig. 4E), about 2.5 times as
long as wide and armed with four curved setae on the apical margin.
Pleon and pleopods: abdominal somites smooth, with­out hairs, spines or folds, ventral sternites without process;
first and second somites subequal in length, third and fifth somites subequal in length and slightly shorter than
preceding two, fourth somite shortest, sixth somite 1.3 times as long as preceding (Fig. 2A, B); first, second and
fifth male pleopods rudimentary, unsegmented, gradually increasing in length posteriorly with several setae (Fig.
5A, B, E); third male pleopod biramous (Fig. 5C), length subequal to sixth abdominal somite; endopod shorter than
exopod, unsegmented, bearing several setae on outer and inner margins; exopod slender, straight or sometimes
curving comprising three articles; first article longest about twice as long as endopod and possessing three setae,
second article with one seta and terminal article shortest, with one stout seta; fourth pleopod longest, biramous (Fig.
5D); endopod short, unsegmented, bearing several setae at the inner and outer margins; exopod slender, straight or
sometimes curving near base, with four articles, extending posteriorly to distal end of telson, first article about twice
as long as endopod with five setae, second article slightly longer than third and without setae, third article with one
stout seta, where the seta extend about 1.5 times of the third article with several smooth setae from posterior 1/3
to terminal part of seta, fourth article shortest, with two setae bearing smooth setae at terminal; first to fifth female
pleopods rudimentary, unsegmented, gradually increasing in length posteriorly with several setae (Fig. 5F–J).
Uropod and telson: uropodal endopod about 0.7 times as long as exopod; slightly more than 1.5 times as long as
telson, without spine on inner ventral side of statocyst region (Fig. 5K); telson trapezoid (Fig. 5L–O), 0.8 times as
long as sixth abdominal somite, 2.2 times as long as broad at basal part; lateral margin armed with 5–9 sharp spines
in male and 8–10 in female; posterior margin convex, armed with two large spines at lateral corners and 11–15
apical spines in males and 15–17 apical spines in females.
Body length. Male, 2.9–4.8 mm; female, 3.0–5.4 mm.
Distribution. Nanomysis siamensis is considered a resident spesies in the Songkhla Lagoon System and was
first recorded from Thale Luang and waters of the Thale Sap (W.M. Tattersall 1921). Recently, the distribution of N.
siamensis was expanded southward by the discovery of populations in waters of Thale Sap Songkhla (Lheknim &
Yolanda 2020; Yolanda & Lheknim 2021).
Remarks. Due to having access to only a few specimens, the first description of N. siamensis by W.M. Tattersall
(1921) was limited in presenting morphological variation. The type materials came from four stations, two sites
close to the Phatthalung river, one at Koh Si Hah and one near Songkhla (formerly known as Singgora) (see Fig.
1). These sites are close to the station 18 in our study for the Phatthalung river and station 5 near Singgora. To date,
these areas are restricted and declared as protected area and part of concession for swallow bird’s nest.
In W.M. Tattersall’s (1921) original description, he found (1) the first and fourth abdominal somites of equal
size and the shortest, (2) third to eighth thoracopodal endopods comprised of four carpopropodus, (3) the length
of antennal scale about 7 times as long as wide, (4) the first article of male third pleopod without setae, (5) three
setae at the first segment of the male fourth pleopod, and (6) telson armed with about 10 spines along the lateral
margins and an additional large spine at the outside corners of the apex which armed with a comb of 12 spines.

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Comparing Tattersall’s description to our study, based on 272 specimens we found some disdepancies reflecting
some interspecific variation (1) the first and second abdominal somites subequal and fourth somite shortest (Fig.
2A, B), (2) third to seventh thoracopodal endopod comprised of three-segmented carpopropodus (Figs. 3E, F, 4A–
C), and only the eighth with four-segmented carpopropodus with three or four antler-shaped spines (Fig. 4D), (3)
antennal scale is about six to seven times as long as wide (Fig. 2G, H), (4) three setae in the first article of the male
third exopodal pleopod (Fig. 5C), (5) five to seven setae in the first article of the male fourth exopodal pleopod (Fig.
5D), and (6) telson armed with 5–13 lateral spines and also with 8–21 spines in the apical margin (Fig. 5K–O).
Murano (1997) compared N. philippinensis with N. siamensis and N. insularis on the five characteristics; (a) the
first segment of the exopod of the male third pleopod, (b) the first segment of the exopod of the male fourth pleopod,
(c) the posterior margin of the telson and number of spines, (d) the number of spines on the lateral margin of the
telson, and (e) the body length. He subsequently modified the generic diagnosis by the addition of the following
three characters states: the anterior margin of the carapace fringed with spinules; the thoracic endopods with 3- or
4– jointed carpopropodus; and the posterior margin of telson convex or straight or concave, armed with a comb of
spines. However, as already stated it is only the eighth thoracopod that bears a 4-segmented carpopropodus.
N. siamensis may be distinguished from N. philippinensis by the following characters; (a) anterior median
part of the carapace bearing short stout triangular process, while no process in N. philippinensis, (b) precoxal lobe
of the maxillule bearing five long barbed and four simple setae, while three long stout and six simple setae in N.
philippinensis, (c) the adult males and females of N. siamensis were larger than N. philippinensis, (d) telson armed
with 5–13 lateral spines and convex posterior margin with 8–21 spines, while N. philippinensis 5–9 lateral spines
concaved posterior margin with 5–10 spines, (e) first and eighth thoracopodal exopods with eight articles, while
those of second to seventh with nine articles, while first to seventh thoracopodal exopods with nine and that of
eighth with eight articles in N. philippinensis.
Nanomysis siamensis also differs from N. insularis where (a) the eye is slightly depressed, sub-quadrangular
and cornea about 2/5 of whole eye from dorsal aspect, while it is globular and cornea about 1/2 of the whole eye
in N. insularis, (b) 1/3 part lateral margin of the antennular peduncle armed with four hooked setae in male and
female, while only two hooked setae present in female of N. insularis, (c) outer margin of the second segment of the
mandibular palp bearing seven or eight setae, while 13 setae in N. insularis, (d) telson armed with 5–13 lateral spines
and convex posterior margin with 8–21 spines, while N. philippinensis 11–12 lateral spines concaved posterior margin
with 15 spines. Detailed morphological differences among the three Nanomysis species is presented in Table 2.
Gangemysis assimilis (W.M. Tattersall, 1908), a similar-sized mysid occurring in the Asian waters to Malay
Peninsula (W.M. Tattersall 1908, 1914, 1915, 1922; Hanamura et al. 2008b), superficially resembles N. siamensis.
However, these two species can be distinguished as follows; (a) biramous third male pleopod well-developed and
subequal in length to the sixth abdominal somite in N. siamensis, while in G. assimilis, it is rudimentary about half
the length of the fourth abdominal somite, (b) the fourth male pleopod extending to the uropod in N. siamensis,
while in G. assimilis, it extends to the middle of the sixth abdominal somite, (c) telson armed with 5–13 lateral
spines and convex posterior margin with 8–21 spines and two large spines in N. siamensis, while 7–10 lateral spines
and 9–10 short spines and four large posterior spines in G. assimilis.
Distribution of N. siamensis in the Songkhla Lagoon System seems to be primarily influenced by salinity.
The four main water bodies in the Songkhla Lagoon System have different salinity regimes: Thale Noi always
freshwater, Thale Luang and Thale Sap from freshwater to brackish water and Thale Sap Songkhla from freshwater
to seawater. When first discovered, W.M. Tattersall (1921) collected his specimen during the flooding season of
the Lagoon system in January 1916. He then reported that N. siamensis was more abundant in Thale Luang (the
inner lake) than in Thale Sap (the middle lake). Tattersall registered that in the inner lake the water was quite fresh,
whereas outer lake was slightly brackish with a salinity at approximately 7.0 psu.
Comparing Tattersall’s observations to the present distribution, Yolanda & Lheknim (2021) reported that N.
siamensis is now more abundant in Thale Sap than in Thale Sap Songkhla. These observations are further confirmed
in the present study where this species has a higher abundance in Thale Sap compared to Thale Luang and also to
Thale Sap Songkhla (Fig. 6). However, although sampling in Thale Noi has not been conducted, yet. Based on
laboratory observations, we have seen that N. siamensis cannot survive in freshwater (salinity 0) for more than 24
hours (Yolanda 2021). In effect, based on the distribution presented in our study it seems that N. siamensis prefers
slightly brackish water, more so than seawater, and has a low tolerance to decreased salinity values, and we therefore
do not expect to find this species the freshwater lagoon Thale Noi.

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 Table 2. Comparison of morphological characteristics among the three known species in the genus Nanomysis.
Characters
body length (mm)
frontal margin of carapace
Eyes
number of setae posterior 1/3
of lateral margin of 1st article
of antennule
REDESCRIPTION OF NANOMYSIS SIAMENSIS
antennal scale
nd
number of setae on 2 article
of mandibular palp
number of setae on 3rd article
of mandibular palp
number of setae on precoxal
lobe of maxillule
flagellum of 1st and 8th
thoracopodal exopods
number of antler-shaped spines
on the merus of 8th thoracopo-
dal endopod
number of setae on the 3rd
exopodal pleopod
number of setae on first article
of male 4th exopodal pleopod
length relation uropodal
endopod and exopod
spines on lateral margin of
telson
apex of telson
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source
85
N. insularis Nouvel, 1957
male, 4.5
female 4.5
armed with short spines and 1
stout triangular median process
sub-globular, cornea slightly
equal to 1/2 of eye
2 setae in female, without seta in
male
ca. 6 times as long as wide
2 setae on inner and 13 setae on
outer margins
17 short barbed setae, 1 simple
seta and 1 long barbed seta
3 long barbed and 5 simple setae
8 and 9 articles
1 spine
5 on first, 1 on second and 1 on
third articles
8 setae
0.7 times as long as exopod
11–12 spines
convex, with 15 spines
Nouvel (1957)
N. philippinensis Murano, 1997 N. siamensis W.M. Tattersall, 1921
male, 2.1–2.9 male, 5.0 male, 2.9–4.8
female, 2.8–3.2 female, 4.0 female, 3.0–5.4
armed with short spines without armed with short spines and 1 armed with short spines and 1
median process stout triangular median process stout triangular median process
sub-quadrangular, cornea 2/5 of eye no description sub-quadrangular, cornea 2/5 of
eye
no description no description 4 curved setae in female and male
ca. 5 times as long as wide ca. 7 times as long as wide ca. 6–7 times as long as wide
1 seta on inner and 7 setae on outer no description 2 setae on inner and 7 to 8 setae
margins on outer margin
13 short barbed setae, 1 simple seta no description 14 short barbed setae, 1 simple
and 1 long barbed seta seta and 1 long barbed seta
4 long barbed and 5 simple setae no description 5 long barbed and 4 simple setae
8 articles no description 9 and 8 articles
no description no description 1 or 2 spines
1 on first, 2 on second and 1 on third 3 on first, 1 on second and 1 on 3 on first, 1 on second and 1 on
articles third articles third articles
5 setae 3 setae 5–7 setae
0.9 times as long as exopod ca. 0.9 times as long as exopod 0.7 times as long as exopod
5–9 spines ca. 10 small spines and 1 larger 5–13 spines
spine at outer corner
concave, with 5–10 spines convex, with 12 spines convex, with 8–21 spines
Murano (1997) W.M. Tattersall (1921) present study
FIGURE 2. Nanomysis siamensis W.M. Tattersall, 1921. Adult male (BL 3.8 mm, A, C, E, G; PSUZC-20190519-04.02), adult
male (BL 3.7 mm, J–M; PSUZC-20190520-02.01), ovigerous female contain egg (BL 4.0 mm, B, D, F, H; PSUZC-20190519-
04.02) and adult female with empty marsupium (BL 3.8 mm, I; PSUZC-20190519-05.01). A, B, Habitus lateral view; C, D,
Dorsal view of anterior body; E, F, Dorsal view of right antennule; G, H, Ventral view of right antenna; I, Ventral view of
labrum; J, Ventral view of mandibles with palps; K, External view of mandibles enlarged; L, Right maxillule; M, Right maxilla.
Scale bar equal 0.5 mm for A–B; 0.3 for C–H; 0.2 mm for I–J; 0.1 mm for K–M.

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FIGURE 3. Nanomysis siamensis W.M. Tattersall, 1921. Adult male (BL 3.7 mm, A–F; PSUZC-20190520-02.01). A, Right
first thoracopod; B, Right first thoracopodal endopod enlarged; C, Right second thoracopod; D, Right second thoracopodal
endopod enlarged; E, Right third thoracopod; F, Right fourth thoracopod. Scale bar equal 0.2 mm for A–F.

REDESCRIPTION OF NANOMYSIS SIAMENSIS Zootaxa 5125 (1) © 2022 Magnolia Press · 87

FIGURE 4. Nanomysis siamensis W.M. Tattersall, 1921. Adult male (BL 3.7 mm, A–F; PSUZC-20190520-02.01). A, Right
fifth thoracopod; B, Right sixth thoracopod; C, Right seventh thoracopod; D, Right eighth thoracopod; E, Right penis. Scale bar
equal 0.2 mm for A–E.

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FIGURE 5. Nanomysis siamensis W.M. Tattersall, 1921. Adult male (BL 3.8 mm, L; PSUZC-20190519-04.02), adult male (BL
3.7 mm, A–E, K; PSUZC-20190520-02.01), adult male (BL 4.3 mm, N; PSUZC-20190519-02.01), ovigerous female contain egg
(BL 4.0 mm, M; PSUZC-20190519-04.02) and adult female with empty marsupium (BL 3.8 mm, F–J, O; PSUZC-20190519-
05.01). A–E, Right first to fifth male pleopods; F–J, Right first to fifth female pleopods; K, Dorsal view of tail fan; L–O, Dorsal
view of telson. Scale bar equal 0.2 mm for A–N.

REDESCRIPTION OF NANOMYSIS SIAMENSIS Zootaxa 5125 (1) © 2022 Magnolia Press · 89

FIGURE 6. The abundance (ind./m2) of Nanomysis siamensis W.M. Tattersall, 1921 at the Thale Luang, Thale Sap and Thale
Sap Songkhla, Songkhla lagoon System, southern Thailand, during this study in 2019-2020.

With regard to salinity, it is interesting to note that during Tattersalls’ sampling in 1916 hydrographical properties
in the lakes of the Songkhla Lagoon was most likely quite different from what we have in 2022. During our sampling
we met and talked to local people that through generations have lived on and around the Songkhla Lagoon. Sharing
their knowledge on the history of the lagoon it was interesting to learn that in 1916 there were a multitude of
manmade water channels that connected the Songkhla Lagoon with the Gulf of Thailand, especially along the coast,
between the Gulf and Thale Luang, Thale Sap, and Thale Sap Songkhla. In effect it is likely that, 100 years ago, the
inner and outer lakes where more similar in salinity, due to the direct contact of the entire system to saline gulf water
through constructed water channels. To what degree the water channels have influenced the distribution of mysids
in the Songkhla Lagoon is difficult to say, but we do know that from 1950 to present the channels have gradually
been removed due to the establishment of settlements and housing. And in removing a direct contact between saline
and freshwater there in no doubt that the hydrography of these three lakes has changed from 1916 to 2021, and we
do suspect that the human impact on the lagoon has influenced the distribution of E. siamensis since its first finding
in 1916.

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Mr. Naratip Tubtim­tong for his great help at the fieldwork and Mr. Sompong Pachonchit for
the car driving during the fieldwork. The comments and suggestions from two anonymous reviewers and the editor
(Dr. Kenneth Meland) improved the quality of this manuscript. The present study is a part of the research project
on “Distri­bution patterns and variability in abundance of post larvae and juvenile of Metapenaeus spp. for fishery
status and management guidelines in Thale Sap Songkhla, southern Thailand” which is supported by a grant (SCI
6003643) from Prince of Songkhla University.

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