Plant Prot 3 (General Physiology and Toxicology)

Laboratory Exercise No. 5

Insect Reproductive System
Name: Randy B. Orua Year & Section: BSA 3 Crop Science

1. Provide the information needed in the table below.

Species Mode of reproduction* Description** Reference
Can alternate
between sexual and Gallot, A., Shigenobu, S.,
asexual reproduction. Hashiyama, T. et al. Sexual and
Asexual Oogenesis Require the
Females can Expression of Unique and
reproduce Shared Sets of Genes in the
parthenogenetic Insect Acyrthosiphon pisum.
viviparously or BMC
oviparously in Genomics 13, 76 (2012).
Both sexual and response to seasonal htps://doi.org/10.1186/1471-
1. Acyrthosiphon pisum asexual photoperiodism 216413-76
2. Trichogramma spp Asexual Trichogramma BIOLOGY OF
species are TRICHOGRAMMA
arrhenotokous, BREVICAPILLUM
meaning that GA Pak, ER Oatman
unfertilized eggs will Entomologia experimentalis et
develop into males applicata 32 (1), 61-67, 1982
and fertilized eggs will
develop into females
3. Trathala sp Asexual Unmated females Aspects of reproductive biology
produced female of Trathala flavoorbitalis (Cam.):
progeny only. Mating a parasitoid of Leucinodes
reduced the orbonalis (Guen.).

4. Micromalthus debilis LeConte
preoviposition period WRM Sandanayake, JP
and lifespan and Edirisinghe
increased the Entomon 17 (3-4), 159-168,
average fecundity. 1993
Asexual Reproduction is The life cycle of Micromalthus
typically by debilisLeConte (1878)
thelytokous, (Coleoptera: Archostemata:
viviparous, larviform Micromalthidae): historical
females, but there is review and evolutionary
also a rare perspective
arrhenotokous phase. DA Pollock, BB Normark
(1) a thelytokous Journal of Zoological
female that produces Systematics and Evolutionary
triungulins via Research 40 (2), 105-112, 2002
viviparity; (2) an
arrhenotokous female
that produces a single
egg that develops into
the short‐legged
(curculionoid) larva,
eventually devouring
its mother and
becoming a haploid
adult male; or (3) an
amphitokous female
that can follow either
of the two above
reproductive
pathways.
5. Locusta migratoria Linn
6.Reticulitermes speratus Kollar
Sexual The reproductive Influence of Male Presence on
process in migratory Reproductive Parameters of
locusts begins with Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera:
courtship behavior, Acrididae) Females
where males attract Dao-Hong Zhu, Qin Zhao, Seiji
females through Tanaka
various visual and Annals of the Entomological
acoustic signals. Society of America 106 (1), 66-
71, 2013
Asexual and sexual A colony have a Parthenogenetic reproduction
queen responsible for in neotenics of the subterranean
reproduction. There termite Reticulitermes speratus
are males in the (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)
colony to provide Yoshinobu Hayashi, Osamu
sperm to the queen to Kitade, Jun‐ichi KOJIMA
reproduce soldiers, Entomological Science 6 (4),
workers or future king 253-257, 2003
or queen. However in
can also reproduce
asexually, neotenics
(ergatoids and
nymphoids) can
reproduce
parthenogenetically.
The larvae hatched
from the eggs
produced partheno‐
genetically by the
neotenics were all
 female and did not
have any aberrant
external morphology

*Mode of reproduction – sexual, asexual, paedogenesis, etc

**Description – explain briefly what type of sexual reproducon (oviparity, viviparity, oviparity) / Type of asexual reproducon
(Theletoky,
Arrhenotoky,etc)

2. What triggers asexual reproduction in aphids? Include your references.

Answer: In aphids, cyclical parthenogenesis is the ancestral reproductive mode and alternation of sexuality and asexuality is
triggered primarily by photoperiod changes. (Dedryver, CA., Le Gallic, JF., Mahéo, F. et al. The genetics of obligate
parthenogenesis in an aphid species and its consequences for the maintenance of alternative reproductive modes. Heredity 110,
39–45 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.2012.57)
3. Give one example of insecticide targeting the reproductive system of the insects. Explain the effects and mechanism by which it
affects the reproductive system of insects. Include your references.
Answer: Fenoxycarb, it mimic the action of juvenile hormone and keep the insect in the immature state. Insects treated with these
chemicals are unable to molt successfully to the adult stage and cannot reproduce normally. (Developmental and Reproductive
Toxicology of Pesticides
Poorni Iyer, Susan Makris, in Hayes’ Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology (Third Edition), 2010)