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(Download PDF) Electrical Palestine Capital and Technology From Empire To Nation Fredrik Meiton Online Ebook All Chapter PDF
(Download PDF) Electrical Palestine Capital and Technology From Empire To Nation Fredrik Meiton Online Ebook All Chapter PDF
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Electrical Palestine
Fredrik Meiton
Fredrik Meiton
28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
For my parents
The capitalistic economy of the present day is an immense cos-
mos into which the individual is born, and which presents itself
to him, at least as an individual, as an unalterable order of things
in which he must live.
—m a x w e be r , The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism
Notes 225
Bibliography 285
Index 301
ta bles a n d i l lust r at ions
tables
figures
ix
maps
x • L i s t of ta bl e s a n d i l lus t r at ions
A bbr e v i at ions a n d Not es on Sou rces
AG attorney general
AHC Arab Higher Committee
CA Crown Agents
CO Colonial Office, London, UK
CS chief secretary
CZA Central Zionist Archives
DC district commissioner
DG district governor
DO district officer
DPW Department of Public Works
HC high commissioner
HMA Haifa Municipal Archives
hp horsepower
IECA Israel Electric Corporation Archives
ISA Israel State Archives
JEC Jaffa Electric Company, Ltd.
JEPSC Jerusalem Electric and Public Service
Corporation, Ltd.
xi
JMA Jerusalem Municipal Archives
kW kilowatt
kWh kilowatt-hour
NMLA Nablus Municipal Library Archives
OETA Occupied Enemy Territory Administration
Pal Gov The British Mandatory Government of Palestine
PEC Palestine Electric Corporation, Ltd.
PICA Palestine Jewish Colonization Association
PLDC Palestine Land and Development Company
S/SC secretary of state for the colonies
TAHA Tel Aviv–Jaffa Municipal Historical Archives
TNA The National Archives of the United Kingdom
US/SC undersecretary of state for the colonies
WHA Weizmann House Archives
WIA Weizmann Institute Archives
ZC Zionist Commission
ZOA Zionist Organization of America
“Of all the ways of acquiring books,” Walter Benjamin says, “writing them
oneself is regarded as the most praiseworthy.” I certainly hope so, given all the
work that went into writing this one. Except, of course, I hardly wrote it
alone. I am deeply grateful to the people and institutions that helped me
bring this book to completion. I received financial support from the Graduate
School of Arts and Science and the Taub Center at New York University,
Harvard University’s Joint Center for History and Economics, the Institute
for New Economic Thinking, Cambridge University’s Centre for History
and Economics, the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, the Posen Foundation,
and the Palestinian-American Research Center. Thanks also to Niels Hooper,
Bradley Depew, and the rest of the team at the University of California Press.
This book draws on sources from many large and small archives in Israel,
Palestine, and Britain. Without the generous assistance of many devoted
archivists, I would scarcely have been able to write it. I owe a large debt of
gratitude to Helena Vilensky at the Israel State Archives and to Haya Ben
Jacob, Moshe Feintuch, and Shmuel Shechtman at the Israel Electric
Corporation Archives. At the archives of the Nablus Municipal Library I
thank the director, Dirar Touqan, and especially the head archivist, Ma’yn
Sulayman Abu Ghazal. In Nablus, Ala Abu Dheer, Tamer Khatib, and
Naseer Arafat gave of their time and their vast knowledge of their home-
town’s past and present. Thanks also to Merav Segal at Weizmann House and
Mati Beinenson at the Weizmann Institute Archives. Prager Adam at the
municipal archives of Haifa was a terrific host, as was Rivka Preshel-Gershon
at the Tel Aviv–Jaffa municipal archives. I also owe a debt of gratitude to
Ronen Shamir, who graciously shared his work with me while it was still in
manuscript form.
xiii
I also want to express a heartfelt thank-you to all those who read all or
parts of this study and provided helpful feedback: Ahmad Amara, Seth
Anziska, Tareq Baconi, Nadim Bawalsa, David Biale, Pat Cooney, Muriam
Davis, Steve Epstein, Michael Gordin, Stefanie Graeter, Shay Hazkani,
Joseph Hodge, Matthew Kelly, Minna Mathiasson, Joel Mokyr, David
Myers, Aaron Norton, Haley Peele, Paul Ramirez, Gil Rubin, Lotta
Segerström, Naomi Seidman, Mikael Shainkman, Helga Tawil Souri, Daniel
Stolz, Sandy Sufian, Salim Tamari, Alex Winder, and Sunny Yudkoff. I owe
an especially large debt of gratitude to Samuel Dolbee, who has the dubious
distinction of having read virtually every word I have written in the past
decade. Adding saintliness to virtue, he has always insisted—even when it
couldn’t possibly be true—to have enjoyed the process.
A wonderful group of teachers set me on my path. At Oxford, I learned
copiously from Walter Armbrust, Raffaella Del Sarto, Eugene Rogan, and
Avi Shlaim. At NYU, I benefited from the thoughtful engagement of Manu
Goswami, Myles Jackson, and Andrew Needham. Ronald Zweig was a source
of unstinting and enthusiastic support from the first. Knowing he was always
in my corner was a great comfort. Karl Appuhn was instrumental in setting
me on the path that ultimately resulted in this study, and he has been a source
of support and inspiration ever since. To Zachary Lockman I owe the great-
est debt of all. I am one in a long line of people who consider it the luck of
their scholarly lives to have received Zach’s gentle and meticulous guidance.
He sets the standard for the scholar-teacher.
At Northwestern, I benefited immensely from the stimulating environ-
ment of the Science in Human Culture Program and the Department of
History. I am grateful to Hellen Tilley, a fraction of whose vast knowledge
of the British Empire and the history of science is faintly echoed in this book.
Ken Alder gave generously of his time and considerable intellectual powers.
His influence over the past years has been so profound that I can no longer
point to anything at all that he contributed. Most recently, I have been for-
tunate to find a wonderful group of colleagues at the University of New
Hampshire. A special thank-you to those faculty who workshopped the book
with me shortly before it went to press.
In one important sense I did write the book myself: I decided to ignore
some suggestions. For that my fellow travelers should be thanking me. This
way, they cannot be blamed for any of the flaws in the finished product.
xiv • ac k now l e d g m e n t s
table 1 The Palestine Electric Corporation, 1923–1954
No. of PEC Gross Revenue Length of
Consumers Units Sold by (in £P until Transmission and
Year Connected PEC (in kWh) 1948; then £I) Distribution Network
10 • I n t roduc t ion
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Ainoastaan joku paikkakunnan työmiehistä näytti olevan
mietteissään. Joku heistä oli esittänyt vain vangitsemistuomiota,
mutta enemmistö voitti. Yhden ääni ei saanut kannatusta joukossa.
Minkäänlaiset oireetkaan ihmisyydestä ja sosialismin inhimillisistä
vaatimuksista eivät saaneet tulla kuuluville.
— Punakaarti? Aseet?
— Mitä isä nyt haastaa? Eihän vain isäkin lähde niitten joukkoon?
Kai se jo riittää, kun Kustaakin…
— Entäpä jos lähtisi, virkkoi Saara hymähtäen. — Työväenasianpa
hyväksi lähtisi.
Rauha kodista oli tosin viime kesästä lähtien hävinnyt. Aina oli
puolueasioista puhuttu ja riidelty. Joku vuosi sitten ei vielä puhuttu
mitään niistä asioista. Oli hiljaista ja rauhallista. Yhdessä aherrettiin
ja mitään ei puuttunut. Sitten vähitellen tuli muutos. Isä oli ruvennut
lukemaan »Työmiestä», ensin naapuritorpassa ja sitten tilaamalla
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Kustaa kulki kylissä eikä viitsinyt hänkään enää tehdä työtä. Joskus
viipyi jonkun kuukauden kaupungeissa ja sahalaitoksissa ja palasi
sieltä aina tyhjänä ja nälkäisenä.
Jospa Lauri olisi kotona. Hänen kanssaan voisi edes puhua. Nyt ei
ollut hänellä ketään, jonka puoleen olisi tässä ahdingossa voinut
kääntyä. Kukapa hänestä välittäisikään, kapinoitsijain tyttärestä.
Punaiseksi kai häntäkin luulivat.
— Ei, mutta…
— Mutta mitä?
— Mihin.
— Tietysti.
— Saattaapa, saattaa.
— Et kai sinä nyt lähde yön selkään… Saattaisi olla vaikka minkä
tekevää…