Volume X Nomor X Januari 2022

E-ISSN: 2963-2900 | P-ISSN: 2964-9048

https://jmi.rivierapublishing.id/index.php/rp

LEADERSHIP IN STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT

Lailatul Masruroh1, Febriana Kartika Putri2, Winjayanti Melda Pratiwi3, Ani Anggraini4
UIN Sayyid Ali Rahmatullah Tulungagung1, UIN Sayyid Ali Rahmatullah Tulungagung2, UIN
Sayyid Ali Rahmatullah Tulungagung3, UIN Sayyid Ali Rahmatullah Tulungagung4
lailatulmasrurohela@gmail.com1, febrianakartika073@gmail.com2,
winjayantimelda@gmail.com3, aniianggra@gmail.com4

Abstract
Leadership is critical at all levels of an organization. The method used in this writing is the
literature study method. Primary data was obtained from various books and journals. In the
initial stage the author attempted to collect several materials and various existing books and
journals and then compiled them in the form of a text manuscript that was ready to be
published on a wider scale. Leadership is an effort to influence people to act as expected so
that goals can be achieved. Transformational leadership is the ability to change the
environment, motivation, work patterns and values of subordinates. Collegial collective
leadership is leadership based on bonds and interactions carried out like colleagues.
Keywords: leadership, leader, strategic management
Abstrak
Kepemimpinan sangat penting pada semua tingkat organisasi. Metode yang
digunakan dalam penulisan ini adalah metode studi kepustakaan. Data primer
diperoleh dari berbagai buku dan jurnal. Pada tahap awal penulis berupaya
mengumpulkan beberapa materi dan berbagai buku dan jurnal yang ada kemudian
disusun dalam bentuk naskah teks yang siap dipublikasikan dalam skala lebih luas.
Kepemimpinan adalah usaha untuk memengaruhi orang untuk bertindak seperti yang
diharapkan agar tujuan dapat tercapai. Kepemimpinan transformasional adalah
kemampuan mengubah lingkungan, motivasi, pola dan nilai-nilai kerja kepada
bawahannya. Kepemimpinan kolektif kolegial adalah kepemimpinan berlandaskan
ikatan dan interaksi yang dilakukan layaknya teman sejawat.
Kata Kunci: kepemimpinan, pemimpin, manajemen startegik
Corresponding Author;
E-mail:

Introduction
Leadership is critical at all levels of an organization. Leadership is the moral and
intellectual ability to visualize and do what is best for the company. Leadership is a key
effective element in strategic management. Leaders focus their organizations on strategic
direction. They create an agenda for strategic change. Organizational leaders maintain the
organization's progress toward the strategic vision.
A visionary is a leader who has far-sightedness. To approach and get what we “see” in
front of us, there is no other way except to take a step forward, then reach for it. The possibility
of various risks on the trip is a challenge. Set the right vision, because the truth of the vision will
guide us to approach, move and achieve it in the right ways. A visionary leader must be able to
be a direction setter, company agent, spokesperson, and coach or teacher. To become a
visionary requires knowledge and skills, learn from those who are successful as true visionaries.
The essence of leadership is a process of activities to influence other people to carry out
activities, so there are many variations of opinion about the functional activities carried out by a

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leader to influence followers or employees. Leadership always involves the efforts of a person
(leader) to influence the behavior of a follower or followers in a situation (Widya
Manggala,2004)
In order to achieve the expected results, leaders and employees must have a
commitment to the strategic planning that has been made and give full attention to the
implementation of the goals and objectives. Apart from that, in its implementation, good
communication is needed between leaders and employees so that harmonization occurs and
avoids miscommunication at work. So this journal was prepared with the aim of making us
better understand the material regarding “Leadership and Strategic Management”.

Methods
The method used in this writing is the literature study method. Primary data was obtained
from various books and journals. In the initial stage the author attempted to collect several
materials and various existing books and journals and then compiled them in the form of a text
manuscript that was ready to be published on a wider scale.

Result and Discussion

A. Definition of Leadership
Leadership is generally defined as a close relationship between a person and a
group of people because they have the same interests. Leadership is a very urgent aspect
in determining the success of an organization, this is because leadership concerns the
behavior of a leader in order to influence employees or employees, so that employees
are willing to work together in order to realize organizational goals (Engkoswara,2010).
Leadership concerns the presence of a person who is trusted to be a leader, who
is seen as having better abilities and/or skills than the average of other employees. A
person's leadership in an organization greatly determines the success or failure of the
organization they lead. There are more than 3000 writings and definitions of leadership
that have been created by humans.
Leadership can be said to be included in the management section, it is included
in the process as well as the management function. Leadership can be interpreted as the
process of influencing other people to do something in a certain way in order to achieve
organizational goals. GR Terry & LW. Rue understands leadership as the process of
influencing other people to do something in certain circumstances to achieve
organizational goals.
Some of these definitions are as follows (Bedjo Sujanto,2007):
1. Leadership is the behavior of an individual who leads the activities of a group
towards a goal to be achieved together (Shared Goal).
2. Leadership is interpersonal influence that is exercised in a particular situation, and
is directed through the communication process towards achieving one or more
specific goals.
3. Leadership is the initial establishment and maintenance of structure in expectations
and interactions.
4. Leadership is the gradual increase of influence over and above mechanical
compliance with routine organizational directives.
5. Leadership is the process of influencing the activities of an organized group
towards achieving goals.

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6. Leadership is a process of giving meaning (meaningful direction) to collective

efforts, and which results in a willingness to make the desired effort to achieve
goals.
7. Leaders are those who consistently make effective contributions to the social order,
and who are expected and perceived to do so.
Based on various opinions regarding leadership, it can be concluded that each
definition is different according to the author's point of view. However, there are
similarities in defining leadership, namely that it contains the meaning of influencing
other people to act as the leader wishes. So what is meant by leadership is an effort to
influence people or groups to act and behave as expected so that goals can be achieved
effectively and efficiently. Thus, it can be understood that educational leadership is a
process of influencing, coordinating and moving the behavior of other people and
making changes in a more positive direction.

B. Transformational Leadership
1. Understanding
It has been said that a leader in bringing an organization to achieve its goals
must have a charismatic and central role and strategy. This is the definition of
transformational leadership. Transformational leadership itself leads to the process
of building a commitment towards organizational goals and giving followers
confidence to achieve these goals. Transformational leadership theory is studying
how leaders change organizational culture and organize organizational structures
and carry out management strategies to achieve organizational goals. A
transformation leader is also referred to as someone who helps companies and
employees in making positive changes in their activities, these changes can occur on
a large scale. The characteristics of a transformational leader are those who always
embrace all obstacles and barriers that exist in the organization, such as:
a. A leader who likes to share his power with his subordinates and followers.
b. Advise and provide opportunities for organizational progress.
c. Try to prepare everything necessary for progress and the willingness of
subordinates and followers to be more responsible.
A transformational leader is also referred to as someone who helps companies
and employees make positive changes in their activities, these changes can occur on
a large scale. Transformational leadership is defined as a leader's ability to change
the work environment, work motivation, work patterns and work values applied to
his subordinates so that employees can improve and optimize their work
performance to achieve the goals of an organization.
In line with this commitment, Islam views that human existence on this earth
has been given a decree by the Khaliq to become a leader, or a caliph. As Allah
SWT says in Qs. Al-Baqarah verse 30:
َ ُ‫ض َخهِيفَتً ۖ قَانُىا أَتَجْ َع ُم فِي َها َم ْه يُ ْف ِسدُ فِي َها َويَ ْس ِفلُ ان ِدّ َما َء َووَحْ هُ و‬
‫س ِبّ ُح‬ ِ ‫َو ِإ ْذ قَا َل َزبُّلَ ن ِْه َم ََلئِ َك ِت ِإوِّي َجا ِع ٌم فِي ْاْل َ ْز‬
َ‫ِس نَلَ ۖ قَا َل إِوِّي أ َ ْعهَ ُم َما ََل ت َ ْعهَ ُمىن‬
ُ ّ‫بِ َح ْمدِكَ َووُقَد‬
Meaning: “Remember when your Lord said to the angels: “Indeed, I will make
a caliph on earth." They said: “Why do you want to make (caliph) on earth someone
who will cause damage to it and shed blood, even though we always glorify you by
praising you and purifying you?” God Says: “Indeed I know what you do not know”
(Qs. Al-Baqarah: 30) (Religius Departement,2006)

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Transformational leadership seeks to transform the values followed by

subordinates in supporting the organization's vision and mission. Based on the
descriptions above, we can conclude that transformational leadership is a leadership
process that brings change through a clear vision, and involving subordinates in
every activity, as well as a charismatic attitude as an approach between leaders and
followers (Iqbal,2021).
2. Principles of Transformational Leadership
Transformational leadership has unique qualities that differentiate it from other
leadership styles because the principles of transformation serve as a reference or
direction as well as its own characteristics. There are various guiding concepts that
support the transformational leadership approach, including:
a. Effective in conveying the idea that leaders must be skilled at outlining goals
and vision in great detail. So that subordinates know the main goal and what
must be achieved.
b. The capacity to develop a leader's passion requires infectious warmth and
enthusiasm. Not only for his followers, but also for himself. It is easy for a
leader to maintain control over his followers when they are already influenced
by the leader.
c. One concept development is innovation from leaders. Extreme changes need to
be anticipated, and leaders must work to adapt as quickly as possible. With
innovation, a business or organization can adapt with the times and develop.
d. Mutual cooperation, which must be embedded in every member, including the
leader. The foundation of a transformative leadership style is mutual support
and covering weaknesses (Lesilolo et al,20113)
3. Characteristics of Transformational Leadership
Apart from being known as a leader who provides a strong example for
followers, transformational leaders, charismatic behavior, providing inspirational
motivation, and paying attention to employees for their performance are several
other descriptions of a transformational leader. The factor of unity and
interdependence (interdependence) is one of the factors of transformational
leadership in its efforts to establish an organizational vision. According to
(Assingkily and Mesiono, 2019) there are several personality characteristics that a
transformational leader needs to have, including:
a. Leaders are required to be firm, have a complete soul, and be independent in
their efforts to carry out the organization's vision.
b. Apart from leaders, followers must also have an awareness of the importance of
solidarity in carrying out organizational goals, which of course is supported by
providing support and motivation by the leader.
c. All actors in the organization, both leaders and followers, are required to
voluntarily put aside personal interests for the sake of the organization's
interests without expecting anything in return (Assingkili et al,2019)
4. Benefits of Transformational Leadership in Educational Institutions
Transformational leadership in the context of educational institutions also has
significant benefits in strategic management, including:
a. Improving the Quality of Education: Transformational leaders in educational
institutions can help improve the quality of education by inspiring teachers and
staff to innovate in teaching methods, curriculum, and learning approaches.

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b. Development of a Shared Vision: Transformational leadership helps in

developing a shared vision for an educational institution, which can motivate
the entire educational community, including teachers, students, and parents, to
work towards higher educational goals.
c. Adaptation to Educational Changes: The world of education continues to
change with technological developments and social changes. Transformational
leaders can help educational institutions more easily adapt to these changes,
such as the use of technology in distance learning.
d. Teacher and Staff Empowerment: Transformational leadership provides a
feeling of empowerment to teachers and staff, enabling them to take an active
role in decision-making and improving the educational process.
e. Improve Relationships with Stakeholders: Transformational leaders tend to
build strong relationships with parents, communities, and other interested
parties. This can help in supporting educational policies, garnering support, and
creating a positive climate around educational institutions.
Transformational leadership can help educational institutions achieve their
vision, mission and strategic goals in a more effective way. By motivating the entire
educational community, encouraging innovation, and managing educational change,
educational institutions can face the complex challenges of modern education.
5. Weaknesses and Strengths of Transformational Leadership
a. Weakness
The weaknesses of transformational leadership are as follows:
1) Lacks conceptual clarity
2) Critiques focus on how transformational leadership is measured
3) Treating leadership as a personality trait or personal tendency rather than a
coaching behavior.
4) Researchers have not established that transformational leaders are actually
capable of changing individuals and organizations.
5) Transformational leadership has the potential to be misused.
b. Excess
Meanwhile, the advantages of transformational leadership are:
1) Increase employee motivation and engagement
2) Increased team performance and productivity
3) Increase innovation and creativity
4) Increase employee satisfaction and retention
5) Development of future leaders.

C. Collegial Collective Leadership

1. Understanding
Collegial Collective is a general term that refers to a leadership system that
involves interested parties in issuing decisions or policies through the mechanisms
adopted, deliberation to reach consensus or voting, by prioritizing the spirit of
togetherness.
Collective leadership itself is a collaborative leadership process that is mutually
beneficial, which allows all elements of an institution to take part in building a
certainty that accommodates mutual benefits. Collective leadership is an activity
carried out by more than two people by interacting and influencing each other
through communication to achieve common goals.

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The way to carry out collective leadership is by holding periodic meetings

within the collective body. Meetings here must be regular in nature, in a discussion
here each section must report the results of what it has done or how to achieve a
goal. Collegial collective is a formulation of leadership in bonds to build
togetherness and one bond, in its implementation we need to consider it in order to
create a conducive atmosphere.
Collegial collective regulation means that all members are declared equal in
every decision making as well as their responsibilities, meaning that members have
the same position in expressing opinions regarding their organization. Deliberation
in this case needs to be carried out because each member has various emotions, so
in this case the role of the leader is not only as a figure but also as a mediator, an
example for his members. Leaders in this case are also said to be the same as their
members, but are only responsible for achieving a goal. When something goes
wrong, not only a leader is responsible, but all members are also involved.
So, collegial collective leadership is a leadership style that is based on bonds
and interactions carried out simultaneously like colleagues. Thus, a collegial
collective system is a system in an organization where to achieve a goal requires
coordination between one leader and another. Departing from this understanding, it
can be said that collegial collective leadership is a general term that refers to a
leadership system that involves several leaders in issuing decisions or policies using
certain mechanisms, which are achieved through deliberation to reach consensus or
voting by prioritizing the spirit of togetherness (Al-Fikri et al,2018).
2. Characteristics of Collegial Collective Leadership
In collegial collective leadership, all members need to be given the same space,
given the same trust to realize the vision and mission of the institution that has been
determined. Each division coordinator needs to be entrusted with carrying out the
division's tasks under his control. The plenary meeting forum, in this context, is the
most appropriate place to discuss and discuss what steps/policies should be taken
and decided by the institution.
This collective-collegial leadership supports leadership theories that are
relevant in modern times. Leadership is a behavior of an individual who leads the
activities of a group towards a goal (shared goal) that wants to be achieved together
(collectively) (Devi Pramitha,2020). More clearly, Abu Sinn defines leadership as a
system and is not a single element that influences other people, but it is also
influenced by community opinion, because a leader is part of the community
members (jamâ'ah) who contribute to each other, exchange opinions and
experiences, and together trying to realize collective goals (Abu Sinn,2006).
According to Rensis Likert's research, leadership behavior is successful and
effective if the leader has a participative management style that emphasizes
subordinate orientation and communication and within the organization, a
supportive relationship pattern (Syarqawi Dhofir,2004).
Then, in an organization, there is a great need for organizational
communication that is able to develop the attitudes of members to change their
thought patterns and behavior patterns so that they are in line with the goals of the
organization. Redding and Sanborn in Arni Muhammad say that organizational
communication is the sending and receiving of information in complex
organizations (Arni Muhammad,2005). Meanwhile, Zelko and Dance say that
organizational communication is an interdependent system that includes internal

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communication and external communication. The communication in question is in

the form of organizational deliberation to achieve common goals (Arni
Muhammad,2005)
In the Islamic perspective, it is also taught that every policy and change that
will be made must be for the benefit of the people, every decision and decision must
prioritize deliberation between leaders and subordinates. This is done so that all
problems can be resolved based on joint decisions and agreements between
superiors and subordinates. Good, professional and transformational leaders always
prioritize consensus and deliberation. As Allah SWT says:
َ‫ص ٰهى ۖة َ َوا َ ْم ُس ُه ْم شُ ْى ٰزي َب ْيىَ ُه ۖ ْم َومِ َّما َزشَ ْق ٰى ُه ْم يُ ْى ِفقُ ْىن‬
َّ ‫َوانَّ ِريْهَ ا ْست َ َجاب ُْىا ن َِس ِبّ ِه ْم َواَقَا ُمىا ان‬
Meaning: And (for) those who accept (obey) the call of their Lord and perform
prayer, while their affairs are (decided) by deliberation between them; and they
spend some of the sustenance that We have given them. (QS. Ashuraa: 38)
(Anonim,2008).
The verse above explains about people who always obey their God, when they
are invited to submit to Allah, and the obligation to pray according to the appointed
time, and they always consult in their affairs.
Therefore, every organization cannot abandon organizational communication.
With organizational communication, all elements in the organization are integrated,
where this integration will strengthen the organization to maintain continuity in
achieving goals. Organizational communication is not just a tool to achieve goals,
but more than that, organizational communication is a process that gives rise to a
meaning that is understood collectively and becomes the same thought pattern and
behavior pattern of members of the organization. Without an understanding of the
organization's goals, the organization's goals are just slogans that have no meaning
at all.
3. Lack of Collegial Collective Leadership
Decision making takes a long time, organizational decisions are considered
slow because joint decisions and agreements are the most important thing for the
running of the organization and this delay is also because they have the same
portion in the organization. When someone makes an argument, it is not
immediately accepted, but it is the decision within the organization that becomes
the race. If the leader's decisions are only for racing, then the members are not far
from the leader.
Individual innovation is hindered, each argument is different and not every
leader is willing to accept it, which causes time-consuming decision making. The
weakness of this is reducing the gap between members, where arguments from
members can be taken from ideas that are more supportive of the continuity of an
organization (Al Fikri,2018).

Conclusions
Leadership is generally defined as a close relationship between a person and a group of
people because they have the same interests. So what is meant by leadership is an effort to
influence people or groups to act and behave as expected so that goals can be achieved
effectively and efficiently.
Transformational leadership is defined as a leader's ability to change the work
environment, work motivation, work patterns and work values applied to his subordinates so
that employees can improve and optimize their work performance to achieve the goals of an

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organization. The weaknesses of this leadership are that it does not have conceptual clarity, and
this leadership has the potential to be misused. Meanwhile, the advantages are increasing
employee motivation and engagement, increasing team performance and productivity,
increasing innovation and creativity, increasing employee satisfaction and retention, as well as
developing future leaders.
Collegial collective leadership is a leadership style that is based on bonds and interactions
carried out simultaneously like colleagues. From this understanding, it can be said that collegial
collective leadership is a general term that refers to a leadership system that involves several
leaders in issuing decisions or policies using certain mechanisms, which are achieved through
deliberation to reach consensus or voting by prioritizing the spirit of togetherness. In this
leadership, all members need to be given the same space to realize the vision and mission of the
institution that has been determined.

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