ARMCO ®

PH 13-8 Mo
STAINLESS STEEL
Pro duct D ata Bulletin

Aircraft Parts

Nuclear Reactor
Components

Petro-Chemical
Applications

ARMCO® PH 13-8 Mo STAINLESS STEEL is

designed for high-performance applications requiring
high strength coupled with excellent resistance to
corrosion and stress corrosion.

Applications for this high-performance alloy include

forgings, cold-headed and machined fasteners, aircraft
parts, nuclear reactor components, landing gear parts,
pins and lock washers, high-performance shafting, and
petro-chemical applications requiring stress corrosion
resistance combined with high strength.

Representing ARMCO ®
products since 1924
ARMCO® PH 13-8 Mo STAINLESS STEEL

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION

2 STANDARD HEAT TREATMENTS

3 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

9 FATIGUE STRENGTH

15 STRESS-STRAIN CURVES

26 VARIATIONS IN HEAT TREATMENT

32 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

34 MAGNETIC PERMEABILITY

35 FABRICATION

40 CORROSION RESISTANCE
ARMCO® PH 13-8 Mo STAINLESS STEEL

Product Description
ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo is a martensitic precipitation hardening stainless CONDITIONS AVAILABLE FROM MILL
steel. It provides a combination of excellent toughness and good 1) Condition A Material for fabrication and final
transverse mechanical properties, in addition to having the highly (Solution Annealed) precipitation hardening by the user.
desirable corrosion resistance and high strength of a precipitation
hardening stainless steel. These properties make PH 13-8 Mo 2) Overage for Forging* Allows cold sawing of large sections
Stainless Steel useful for large sections where notch toughness, high without cracking.
strength and stress corrosion resistance are especially important. 3) Overage and Cold Drawn Maximum softness for cold heading.
for Cold Heading*
ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel responds to a simple one-step
heat treatment. The precipitation hardening temperature determines 4) Other Conditions Inquire for availability.
the final mechanical properties achieved. This low-temperature *Materials in this condition will not respond to aging treatments without first solution treating.
heat treatment develops high strengths with minimum distortion and
heat scaling. SPECIFICATIONS
ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel is produced by vacuum induction ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel plates, bar, wire, forgings, forging
melting plus consumable electrode vacuum arc remelting (designated stock and extrusions are covered by the following Specifications, listed
VIM-VAR). This melting process is used to yield high quality, closely as Grade XM-13 and/or as UNS S13800. The grade is also known as
controlled chemical compositions and optimum solidification conditions WL 1.4534 and X3CrNiMoAl13-8-2.
for aerospace applications. AMS 5629 Steel, Corrosion-Resistant, Bars, Wire, Forgings, Rings,
and Extrusions
Composition (wt %)
AMS 5864 Steel, Corrosion-Resistant, Plate
Carbon (C) 0.05 max.
AMS 5840 Steel, Corrosion and Heat Resistant, Welding Wire
Manganese (Mn) 0.10 max.
ASTM A564 Hot-Rolled and Cold-Finished Age-Hardening Stainless
Phosphorus (P) 0.010 max.
Steel Bars and Shapes
Sulfur (S) 0.008 max.
ASTM A693 Precipitation-Hardening Stainless and Heat-Resisting
Silicon (Si) 0.10 max.
Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip
Chromium (Cr) 12.25 – 13.25
ASTM A705 Age-Hardening Stainless Steel Forgings
Nickel (Ni) 7.50 – 8.50
Aluminum (Al) 0.90 – 1.35
Molybedenum (Mo) 2.00 – 2.50
Nitrogen (N) 0.01 max.

METRIC PRACTICE
The values shown in this bulletin were established in U.S.
customary units. The metric equivalents of U.S. customary units
shown may be approximate.

1
 ARMCO® PH 13-8 Mo STAINLESS STEEL

Standard Heat Treatments

SINGLE LOW-TEMPERATURE HEAT TREATMENTS TABLE 1 – ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo LOW
ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel is usually supplied from our mills TEMPERATURE HEAT TREATMENTS
in the solution-annealed condition (Condition A). In Condition A, also Condition A
called solution heat treated or solution treated, the alloy has useful Solution Heat Treated
mechanical properties and excellent resistance to stress-corrosion 927 °C (1700 °F) ± 14 °C (57 °F)*
cracking in marine atmospheres. However, to best use ARMCO PH Oil, Water + Polymer, or Air Cool Below 16 °C (60 °F)
13-8 Mo Stainless Steel, we suggest a precipitation hardening (PH)
Precipitation Precipitation
heat treatment that provides the desired engineering properties. For Type
Hardening Hardening
optimum combinations of strength, toughness, and resistance to Condition of
Temperature Time
stress-corrosion cracking, most users heat treat with a single treatment Cooling
± 6 °C (± 10 °F) (Hours)
at 538 °C (1000 °F) or higher. ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel Within 24 hours after solution treatment, cold treat to
has been used successfully in numerous applications in a variety of -73 °C (-100 °F). Hold at least 2 hours, air warm to
heat-treated conditions. RH 950** room temperature. Followed by:
Typical properties produced by the standard conditions are shown in 510 °C (950 °F) 4 Air
the Mechanical Properties section, Table 3. The change in strength H 950 510 °C (950 °F) 4 Air
caused by variations in heat treatment times and temperatures can be H 1000 538 °C (1000 °F) 4 Air
estimated from the curves in Figure 34. These show the changes in
H 1025 552 °C (1025 °F) 4 Air
strength and hardness produced by changes in time and temperatures.
H 1050 566 °C (1050 °F) 4 Air
MULTIPLE-CYCLE HEAT TREATMENT H 1100 593 °C (1100 °F) 4 Air
As supplied from the mill in Condition A, ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo Stainless
Steel can be joined to ARMCO PH 15-7 Mo® or ARMCO 17-7 PH® H 1150 621 °C (1150 °F) 4 Air
Stainless Steels and the entire assembly hardened by three-step heat
treatments compatible with the latter grades (i.e., RH 950). Inquiries 760 °C (1400 °F) 2
H 1150-M Followed by: Air
concerning response to braze cycle or other multiple-cycle heat 621 °C (1150 °F) 4
treatments should be directed to AK Steel.
*Actual solution treating time should be long enough to assure that the steel is heated thoroughly
through the section. Bar and wire items can be effectively heat treated in continuous furnaces. In batch-
COLD WORK PLUS HEAT TREATMENT type furnaces, it is recommended that parts be held at temperature 15 to 30 minutes after temperature
is reached to assure uniformity.
The highest strength levels in ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel **RH 950 heat treatment incorporates a refrigeration cycle after solution treatment prior to precipitation
are obtained by cold working prior to precipitation hardening. This hardening at 510 °C (950 °F).
method of obtaining maximum strength is particularly well suited to
the production of high-strength corrosion-resistant fasteners.
Data in Figures 36 through 40 show the response of
ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel to this type of
fabricating sequence.

2
ARMCO® PH 13-8 Mo STAINLESS STEEL

Mechanical Properties
ORIENTATION AND LOCATION OF
TEST SPECIMENS
ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel is especially useful in many
applications requiring excellent mechanical properties in the long
transverse and short transverse directions, as well as in the longitudinal
direction (direction of rolling). The orientation and location of the test
specimen and product section size are receiving more emphasis in
the determination of design values. The data included in this bulletin
are identified both as the orientation of specimen and location from
which the test specimens were taken. Orientation and location of test
specimens and their designations are shown in Figures 1A and 1B.
Sketches showing the orientation and location of test specimens.

FIGURE 1A FIGURE 1B

ION
ECT
DIR
NG
ROLLI LONGITUDINAL CENTER

GTH SHORT TRANSVERSE INTERMEDIATE

LEN
LONGITUDINAL INTERMEDIATE
SHORT TRANSVERSE CENTER
THICKNESS

LONG TRANSVERSE CENTER

LONG TRANSVERSE INTERMEDIATE

WIDTH

1) Transverse properties cannot be determined if bar dimensions 2) In rounds, squares, and hexagon bars, no short transverse
are under 76.2 mm (3 in.) in the test direction. direction exists.

TABLE 2 – PROPERTIES* ACCEPTABLE FOR MATERIAL SPECIFICATION UP TO 300 mm (12 in.)

SECTION SIZE
Condition Condition Condition Condition Condition Condition Condition Condition Condition
Property A RH 950 H 950 H 1000 H 1025 H 1050 H 1100 H 1150 H 1150 M
Long. Trans. Long. Trans. Long. Trans. Long. Trans. Long. Trans. Long. Trans. Long. Trans. Long. Trans. Long. Trans.
UTS, 1517 1517 1517 1517 1413 1413 1276 1276 1207 1207 1034 1034 931 931 862 862
– –
MPa (ksi) (220) (220) (220) (220) (205) (205) (185) (185) (175) (175) (150) (150) (135) (135) (125) (125)
0.2% YS 1413 1413 1413 1413 1310 1310 1207 1207 1138 1138 931 931 620 620 586 586
– –
MPa (ksi) (205) (205) (205) (205) (190) (190) (175) (175) (165) (165) (135) (135) (90) (90) (85) (85)
Elong. %
– – 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 12 12 14 14 14 14 16 16
in 4D0
Red of
– – 45 35 45 35 50 40 50 45 50 45 50 50 50 50 55 55
Area. %
HRC – – 45 45 45 45 43 43 41 41 40 40 34 34 30 30 26 26
HB 363 max. 430 430 430 430 400 400 – – 372 372 313 313 283 283 – –
*All properties are minimum except as noted.

3
 ARMCO® PH 13-8 Mo STAINLESS STEEL

Mechanical Properties
TABLE 3 – TYPICAL MECHANICAL PROPERTIES*
Condition A RH 950 H 950 H 1000 H 1050 H 1100 H 1150 H 1150-M
Property
Long. Trans. Long. Trans. Long. Trans. Long. Trans. Long. Trans. Long. Trans. Long. Trans. Long. Trans.
UTS, 1103 1103 1620 1620 1551 1551 1482 1482 1310 1310 1103 1103 1000 1000 896 896
MPa (ksi) (160) (160) (235) (235) (225) (225) (215) (215) (190) (190) (160) (160) (145) (145) (130) (130)
0.2% YS, 827 827 1482 1482 1448 1448 1413 1413 1241 1241 1034 1034 724 724 586 586
MPa (ksi) (120) (120) (215) (215) (210) (210) (205) (205) (180) (180) (150) (150) (105) (105) (85) (85)
Elong. %
17 17 12 12 12 12 13 13 15 15 18 18 20 20 22 22
in 4D0
Reduction of
65 65 45 35 50 40 55 50 55 55 60 60 63 63 70 70
Area, %
HRC 33 33 48 48 47 47 45 45 43 43 35 35 33 33 32 32
Impact,
Charpy 81 54 27 14 27 17 40 27 68 40 81 54 108 80 162 108
V-Notch, (60) (40) (20) (10) (20) (15) (30) (20) (50) (30) (60) (40) (80) (60) (120) (80)
J (ft•lbs)**
*Specimen location center or intermediate.
**Developed on 25 – 75 mm (1 – 3 in.) diameter bars. Typical properties derived from average test values developed from production orders.

TABLE 4 – TORSION YIELD STRENGTH*

Torsion Shear Modulus (G) 0.2% Shear Strain 0.2% Normal Strain Modulus of Rupture
Condition
GPa (Mpsi) Offset (ɣ), MPa (ksi) Offset (Ɛ) MPa (ksi) MPa (ksi)
H 950 76 (11.1) 945 (137.1) 1020 (148.0) 1271 (184.4)
H 1000 75 (10.9) 924 (134.0) 987 (143.2) 1185 (171.9)
*Average of two readings.
The ratio of torsional yield strength, determined from a 0.2% shear strain ( ) offset, to tensile yield strength is approximately 64% for material in Condition H 950.

4
 ARMCO® PH 13-8 Mo STAINLESS STEEL

Mechanical Properties
FIGURE 2 – SHORT-TIME ELEVATED TEMPERATURE TENSILE PROPERTIES
CONDITION H 1000*

2000
280

1800 260
Ultimate Tensile and 0.2% Yield Strengths, MPa

240
Ultimate Tensile and 0.2% Yield Strength, ksi

Elongation, % in 4D0 Reduction of Area, %

1600
220 90

1400 200 80

180 70
1200

160 60

1000
140 UTS 50

0.2% YS
120 40
800 Reduction of Area
100 Elongation 30
600
80 20

400 10

0
-200 0 200 400 600
Test Temperature, °C
-400 0 400 800 1200
Test Temperature, °F
*Specimens machined from 19 mm (0.75 in.) round bar stock. Held at temperature 30 minutes before test.
Constructed from data from one heat.

5
 ARMCO® PH 13-8 Mo STAINLESS STEEL

Mechanical Properties
TABLE 5 – SHORT-TIME ELEVATED TEMPERATURE PROPERTIES*
CONDITION H 1100 – 25 mm (1 in.) DIAMETER BAR
Test Temperature, UTS, 0.2% YS, Elongation % Reduction of Area
°C (°F) MPa (ksi) MPa (ksi) in 4D0 %
27 (80) 1151 (167) 1000 (145) 22 69
93 (200) 1069 (155) 1007 (146) 23 69
149 (300) 1062 (154) 1007 (146) 22 70
204 (400) 1020 (148) 972 (141) 20 70
260 (500) 993 (144) 951 (138) 19 69
316 (600) 979 (142) 931 (135) 18 69
371 (700) 951 (138) 889 (129) 18 69
*Data represents average of triplicate tests from 3 heats.

IMPACT STRENGTH
Table 6 illustrates the high impact strength of ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo
Stainless Steel at sub-zero temperatures. These values are exceptional
for a material with the strength of ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel.
AK Steel suggests higher aging temperatures for impact applications at
low temperatures down to -79 °C (-110 °F). At room temperature, the
impact energy capability is outstanding for a high-strength steel.

TABLE 6 – TYPICAL CHARPY V-NOTCH IMPACT STRENGTH AT SUB-ZERO

TEMPERATURES* 199 mm (7.5 in.) SQUARE FORGED BLOOM
Test Temperature, Condition H 950 Condition H 1000 Condition H 1050 Condition H 1100 Condition H 1150-M
°C (°F) J (ft•lbs) J (ft•lbs) J (ft•lbs) J (ft•lbs) J (ft•lbs)
22 (72) 32.5 (24) 40.7 (30) 54.0 (40) 68.0 (50) 162.7 (120)
0 (32) 14.9 (11) 27.1 (20) 47.3 (35) 62.4 (46) –
-53 (-65) 9.5 (7) 16.3 (12) 29.8 (22) 51.0 (38) –
-79 (-110) 6.8 (5) 10.8 (8) 17.9 (13) 43.2 (32) 119.3 (88)
-115 (-175) 4.1 (3) 8.1 (6) – – 96.3 (71)
-140 (-220) 2.7 (2) 6.8 (5) 8.1 (6) 19.0 (14) –
-196 (-320) 2.7 (2) 5.4 (4) 5.4 (4) 6.8 (5) 40.7 (30)
* Data represent average values from four heats.

TABLE 7 – TYPICAL CHARPY V-NOTCH IMPACT STRENGTH* CONDITION

H 1100 – 25 mm (1 in.) DIAMETER BAR*
Test Temperature
Room Temperature -12 °C (10 °F)
Heat
Lateral Expansion Lateral Expansion
J (ft•lbs) J (ft•lbs)
mils. mils.
A 178 (131) 57 168 (124) 54
B 175 (129) 53 153 (113) 51
C 190 (140) 56 180 (133) 60
*Data represent average values of 3 tests from each heat.

6
ARMCO® PH 13-8 Mo STAINLESS STEEL

Mechanical Properties
TABLE 8 – PRECRACKED CHARPY IMPACT STRENGTH
25.4 mm (1 in.) Thick Plate** 76.2 x 203.2 mm (3 x 8 in.) Section** 25.4 mm (1 in.) Bar ***
Condition Test Precracked Charpy, W/A Test Precracked Charpy, W/A Precracked Charpy, W/A
Direction* mm•N/mm2 (in.•lbs/in.2) Direction* mm•N/mm2 (in.•lbs/in.2) mm•N/mm2 (in.•lbs/in.2)
L 162 (925) L 149 (851) 105 (600)
H 950
T 133 (760) ST 150 (856) –
L 449 (2565) – – 245 (1400)
H 1000
T 367 (2095) – – –
L 858 (4905) L 1398 (7990) –
H 1050
T 1104 (6310) ST 1339 (7645) –
*L– Longitudinal
T – Transverse
ST – Short Transverse
**Average of duplicate values from one heat.
***Average of duplicate values from eight heats.

TABLE 9 – NOTCH TENSILE STRENGTH

Notch Test Temperature, UTS, 0.2% YS, Notch Strength,
Condition NS/UTS
Factor °C (°F) MPa (ksi) MPa (ksi) MPa (ksi)
H 950 1583 (229.6) 1451 (210.5) 2228 (331.8) 1.44
3.8 27 (80)
H 1000 1518 (220.2) 1460 (211.8) 2433 (354.5) 1.61
H 950 1583 (229.6) 1451 (210.5) 2302 (334.0) 1.46
5.25 27 (80)
H 1000 1518 (220.2) 1460 (211.8) 2392 (347.0) 1.57
H 950 1739 (252.2) 1869 (271.2) 1.08
3.8 -79 (-110) –
H 1000 1617 (234.5) 2646 (389.9) 1.64
H 950 1738 (252.2) 1669 (242.0) 0.96
5.25 -79 (-110) –
H 1000 1616 (234.5) 2571 (*373.0) 1.59
*Data represent one test on 19 mm (0.75 in.) round bar stock.
All other data represent average data on two tests on 19 mm (0.75 in.) round bar stock.

TABLE 10 – TYPICAL PLANE STRAIN FRACTURE TOUGHNESS***

– –
Direction KIC, MPa √m (ksi √in.)*
Loading Crack Growth H 950 H 1000 H 1025 H 1050
R W 83 (75) 110 (100) 138 (125) 165 (150)
W R 77 (70) 105 (95) – –
R = Rolling direction, W = width
*KIC values were developed from tests conducted at -79 °C (-110 °F) and determined from Plane Strain Crack Size Factor (KIC/σYS)2 as
reported in NASA Technical Note TN 4998, “Crack Toughness Characteristics of Several Alloys for Use in Heavy Sections of High Speed Aircraft”
by Raymond T. Busbey and William F. Brown, Jr., Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, January 1969, as follows:

– –
Loading Direction Crack Growth Direction KIC, MPa √m (ksi √in.)
R W 55 (50)
W R 50 (45)
***These data represent average values from ten heats. There is a wide variation in the fracture toughness results
– –
which are affected by heat and section size. Variations from 50 MPa √ m (50 ksi √ in.) to
– –
220 MPa √ m (200 ksi √ in.) have been observed.

7
 ARMCO® PH 13-8 Mo STAINLESS STEEL

Mechanical Properties
TABLE 11 – PIN BEARING TEST** CONDITION H 1000
e/D = 1.5 e/D = 2.0
Test Direction Bearing Yield Strength*, Bearing Strength, Bearing Yield Strength*, Bearing Strength,
MPa (ksi) MPa (ksi) MPa (ksi) MPa (ksi)
Longitudinal 2000 (290) 2275 (330) 2586 (375) 3034 (440)
Transverse 2068 (300) 2344 (340) 2620 (380) 3102 (450)
*Offset = 2% of Pin Diameter.
**Data represent average of duplicate tests from three heats.

TABLE 12 – SHEAR TEST* CONDITION H 1000

Shear Strength,
Test Direction
MPa (ksi)
Longitudinal 910 (132)
Transverse 910 (132)
*Data represent average of duplicate tests from four heats, 56 x 150 mm (2.25 x 6 in.) forgings.

TABLE 13 – COMPRESSION TEST*

Compressive Yield Strength, MPa (ksi)
Bar Size,
Direction Condition H 950 Condition H 1000 Condition H 1050
mm (in.)
Test 0.02% 0.2% 0.02% 0.2% 0.02% 0.2%
22 (0.875)
Longitudinal 1248 (181) 1517 (220) 1352 (196) 1517 (220) 1200 (174) 1365 (198)
Diameter
56 x 150 Longitudinal 1524 (221)
– – – – –
(2.25 x 6) Transverse 1517 (220)
*Data represent average of duplicate tests from four heats.

8
ARMCO® PH 13-8 Mo STAINLESS STEEL

Fatigue Strength
TABLE 14 – ROTATING BEAM FATIGUE STRENGTH* CONDITION H 1000
Notch Factor Notch Radius, Maximum Stress, Fatigue Strength
Kt mm (in.) MPa (ksi) Number of Cycles
1103 (160) 40 000
1103 (160) 61 000
965 (140) 102 000
965 (140) 111 000
827 (120) 336 000
1 (Smooth) –
827 (120) 589 000
827 (120) 959 000
758 (110) 28 935 000
724 (105) 126 218 000
690 (100) 100 599 000**
690 (100) 12 000
552 (80) 20 000
414 (60) 65 000
345 (50) 319 000
2.8 0.025 (0.010)
345 (50) 409 000
345 (50) 366 000
310 (45) 1 056 000
276 (40) 118 271 000**
552 (80) 18 000
414 (60) 59 000
345 (50) 227 000
310 (45) 451 000
3.8 0.013 (0.005)
310 (45) 219 000
276 (40) 926 000
276 (40) 1 085 000
241 (35) 127 901 000**
*Specimens tested in R.R. Moore Rotating Beam Machine. Samples cut from 19 mm (0.75 in.) round
bar stock. Data represent single test values from one heat.
**Test stopped – specimen unbroken.

9
 ARMCO® PH 13-8 Mo STAINLESS STEEL

Fatigue Strength
FIGURE 3 – FATIGUE TEST RESULTS FOR UNNOTCHED LONGITUDINAL AND TRANSVERSE SPECIMENS OF
CONDITION H 1000 ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo STAINLESS STEEL AT A STRESS RATIO OF R = 0.5
240
1600

220

1400
Maximum Stress, ksi

200
Maximum Stress, MPa

180
1200

160 Unnotched
R = 0.5
1000 Transverse
140
Longitudinal

120
800 103 104 105 106 107
Lifetime, Cycles

FIGURE 4 – FATIGUE TESTS RESULTS FOR UNNOTCHED LONGITUDINAL AND TRANSVERSE SPECIMENS OF
CONDITION H 1000 ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo STAINLESS STEEL AT A STRESS RATIO OF R = 0.1
240
1600

220

1400
Maximum Stress, ksi

200
Maximum Stress, MPa

180
1200

160
Unnotched
R = 0.1
1000
140 Transverse
Longitudinal

120
800 103 104 105 106 107
Lifetime, Cycles
Test values from one heat

10
 ARMCO® PH 13-8 Mo STAINLESS STEEL

Fatigue Strength
FIGURE 5 – FATIGUE TEST RESULTS FOR UNNOTCHED LONGITUDINAL AND TRANSVERSE SPECIMENS OF
CONDITION H 1000 ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo STAINLESS STEEL AT A STRESS RATIO OF R = -1.0
1400
200

180
1200

160
Maximum Stress, MPa

Maximum Stress, ksi

1000
140

120
800

100
Unnotched
600 R = -1.0
80 Transverse
Longitudinal

400 60
103 104 105 106 107
Lifetime, Cycles
Test values from one heat

FIGURE 6 – FATIGUE TEST RESULTS FOR NOTCHED (Kt = 3.0) LONGITUDINAL AND TRANSVERSE SPECIMENS OF
CONDITION H 1000 ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo STAINLESS STEEL AT A STRESS RATIO OF R = 0.5
1600

220

1400 200

180
1200
Maximum Stress, MPa

Maximum Stress, ksi

160

1000
140

120
800

100 Notched, Kt = 3.0

R = 0.5
600
80 Transverse
Longitudinal

400 60
103 104 105 106 107
Lifetime, Cycles
Test values from one heat

11
 ARMCO® PH 13-8 Mo STAINLESS STEEL

Fatigue Strength
FIGURE 7 – FATIGUE TEST RESULTS FOR NOTCHED (Kt = 3.0) LONGITUDINAL AND TRANSVERSE SPECIMENS OF
CONDITION H 1000 ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo STAINLESS STEEL AT A STRESS RATIO OF R = 0.1
1400 200

180
1200

160

1000
140
Maximum Stress, MPa

Maximum Stress, ksi

120
800

100

600
80

400 60 Notched, Kt = 3.0

R = 0.1
40 Transverse
Longitudinal
200

20
103 104 105 106 107
Lifetime, Cycles
Test values from one heat

FIGURE 8 – FATIGUE TEST RESULTS FOR NOTCHED (Kt = 3.0) LONGITUDINAL AND TRANSVERSE SPECIMENS OF
CONDITION H 1000 ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo STAINLESS STEEL AT A STRESS RATIO OF R = -1.0
1000
140

120
800

100
Maximum Stress, MPa

Maximum Stress, ksi

600
80

400 60

40 Notched, Kt = 3.0
200 R = -1.0
20 Transverse
100 Longitudinal

0
103 104 105 106 107
Lifetime, Cycles
Test values from one heat

12
 4.0
4.0 2.33
2.33 1.5
1.5 A
A == 11 0.67
0.67 0.43
0.43 0.25
0.25 0.11
0.11 00
-0.6
-0.6 -0.4
-0.4 -0.2
-0.2 R
R == 00 0.2
0.2 0.4
0.4 0.6
0.6 0.8
0.8 1.0
1.0

14
1600 1600

5
225 225

22
103
Fatigue Strength
1400
200 1400 4

0
10

20
A=∞ 00
175 14

5
1200 1200
R = -1.0 5

17
R = -1.0 10

8
A=
ARMCO® PH 13-8 Mo

6
00

0
150 10
150 12

15
1000 1000 15
0

Stress, ksi
ksi. MPa
107

5
125 125 00

12
12
800 5 10

Alt
800

er
Pa

na
si

ti
k ,M

Stress, MPa
Stress,Stress,
s

ng
ss,

0
res

S
100

Maximum
100 10 tre St

10

tre
0 0

s
80 nS an

s,
0 ea 80
600 Me

ks
600

i
M
STAINLESS STEEL

Alt
75

MaximumMaximum
Maximum
75 75

75

ern
ati
60 0
0

ng
60 ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo
400

St
400

re
Condition H 1000

ss
50

,
50
50 50 Unnotched

MP
a
40 0 Longitudinal and
200 0 40 Transverse
200
25

25
25 25

-1200 -150
-1000 -125
-800 -100 -600-75 -400
-50 -200
-25-100 0 10025200 50 400 75 600 100 800
125 1000
150 1200
175 1400
200 1600
225
Minimum Stress,
MinimumStress, ksi.
MPa

-1200 -150
-1000 -125-800-100--600-75 -400
-50 -200
-25 -100 0 100 25 200 50400 75 600 100 800
125 1000
150 1200
175 1400
200 1600
225
Minimum Stress,
Minimum Stress, ksiMPa
FIGURE 9 – Constant-life diagram for axial-load, unnotched, fatigue
Constant-life
FIGURE 9 – behavior of PHdiagram
13-8 Mo axial-load,
forstainless unnotched,
steel. *Constructed behavior
fatigueusing of ARMCO
Figures 3, 4 andPH
5. 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel.*
*A DUPLICATE PROGRAM WAS RUN ONConstructed using Figures 3, 4 and 5.
ANOTHER HEAT AND RESULTS WERE ESSENTIALLY THE SAME
*A duplicate program was run on another heat and results were essentially the same.

13
14
4.0
4.0 2.33
2.33 1.5
1.5 =1
AA = 1 0.67
0.67 0.43
0.43 0.25
0.25 0.11
0.11 00
-0.6
-0.6 -0.4
-0.4 -0.2
-0.2 RR =
=0
0 0.2
0.2 0.4
0.4 0.6
0.6 0.8
0.8 1.0
1.0

1600
1600
225

5
225

22
1400
Fatigue Strength
200

0
1400 200

20
= -1.0
R(1379)

8
A= 00
175 A = ∞1200 3 14

5
1200 R = -1.0

17
10
ARMCO® PH 13-8 Mo

4 00

0
150 10 12
150

15
1000 1000 15
0

Stress, ksi
Stress, MPa
5
125 1 00

12
125
800 Alt 25 10 a
800 ern P
ati k si M

MaximumMPa
s,

Stress, ksi.
ng s,

0
100 S 10 res tres
100 tre

10
80 ss 0 5
St 0 nS
600 0 ,k 10 an 80 Mea
600 si Me
STAINLESS STEEL

75 Alt
e

Maximum Stress,
MaximumMaximum
75 75

75
rn
ati
n 60
0 0 ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo
400 400 gS
tre 60
ss Condition H 1000
50 ,M 6

50
50 Pa
50 10 107 Notched, Kt = 3.0
40 0 Longitudinal and
200 0 40 Transverse
200
25

25
25 25

-1200 -150
-1000 -125-800-100 -600-75 -400
-50 -200
-25-100 00 10025200 50 400 75 600100 800
125 1000
150 1200
175 1400
200 1600
225
Minimum Stress,
Minimum Stress,MPaksi.

-1200 -150
-1000 -125
-800 -100-600 -75 -400
-50 -200
-25-100 0 10025 200 50400 75 600 100 800
125 1000
150 1200
175 1400
200 1600
225
Minimum Stress,
Minimum Stress, ksi MPa
FIGURE 10 – Constant-life diagram for axial-load, Notched (K = 3.0)t
FIGURE 10 – Constant-life diagram for axial-load notched (Kt = 3.0),
fatigue behavior of PH 13-8
fatigue behavior of ARMCO
Mo stainless steel.
PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel.
Constructed using Figures 6, 7 and 8.
Constructed using Figures 6, 7 and 8.
 ARMCO® PH 13-8 Mo STAINLESS STEEL

Stress-Strain Curves
TYPICAL STRESS-STRAIN CURVES
The following curves were developed using a Class A extensiometer,
not accurate for Young’s Modulus.

FIGURE 11 – EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON FIGURE 12 – E FFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON

CONDITION H 1000 – TENSION CONDITION H 1000 – TENSION
2000
-196 °C 280 -101 °C
2000
280

240
240
1500
1500
200
200
Stress, MPa

Stress, ksi

Stress, MPa

Stress, ksi
160 160
1000 1000

120 120
ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel
Condition H 1000 Condition H 1000
80 Tested at -196 °C (-320 °F) 80 Tested at -101 °C (-150 °F)
500
UTS – 1903 MPa (276 ksi) 500 UTS – 1627 MPa (236 ksi)
0.2% YS – 1820 MPa (264 ksi) 0.2% YS – 1565 MPa (227 ksi)
40 Proof Stress – 1462 MPa (212 ksi) Proof Stress – 1379 MPa (200 ksi)
Data represent one test from one heat 40 Data represent one test from one heat

0 0
0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010 0.012 0.014 0 0
Strain, mm/mm (in./in.) 0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010 0.012
Strain, mm/mm (in./in.)

15
 ARMCO® PH 13-8 Mo STAINLESS STEEL

Stress-Strain Curves
FIGURE 13 – EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON FIGURE 14 – E FFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON
CONDITION H 1000 – TENSION CONDITION H 1000 – TENSION
2000
1700
280 -73 °C 240 -18 °C

240

1400 200
1500

200
Stress, MPa

1100
Stress, ksi

160
160

Stress, MPa

Stress, ksi
1000

120
800 120
ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel
Condition H 1000
80 Tested at -73 °C (-100 °F)
500
UTS – 1606 MPa (233 ksi) 80 ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel
0.2% YS – 1538 MPa. (223 ksi) 500
Condition H 1000
40 Proof Stress – 1296 MPa (188 ksi) Tested at -18 °C (0 °F)
Data represent one test from one heat UTS – 1538 MPa (223 ksi)
40 0.2% YS – 1469 MPa (213 ksi)
0 0
0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010 0.012 0.014 200 Proof Stress – 1172 MPa (170 ksi)
Data represent one test from one heat
Strain, mm/mm (in./in.)
0 0
0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010 0.012
Strain, mm/mm (in./in.)

16
 ARMCO® PH 13-8 Mo STAINLESS STEEL

Stress-Strain Curves
FIGURE 15 – EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON FIGURE 16 – E FFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON
CONDITION H 1000 – TENSION CONDITION H 1000 – TENSION

1700 1700
240 24 °C 240 149 °C
Room
Temperature

1400 200 1400 200

1100 160 1100 160

Stress, MPa

Stress, ksi

Stress, MPa

Stress, ksi
120 800 120
800

80 ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel 80 ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel

500
500
Condition H 1000 Condition H 1000
Tested at room temperature 24 °C (74 °F) Tested at 149 °C (300 °F)
UTS – 1510 MPa (219 ksi) UTS – 1379 MPa (200 ksi)
0.2% YS – 1448 MPa (210 ksi) 40 0.2% YS – 1296 MPa (188 ksi)
40
200 Proof Stress – 1007 MPa (146 ksi)
200 Proof Stress – 1200 MPa (174 ksi)
Data represent one test from one heat
Data represent one test from one heat
0 0
0 0
0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010 0.012
0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010 0.012
Strain, mm/mm (in./in.)
Strain, mm/mm (in./in.)

17
 ARMCO® PH 13-8 Mo STAINLESS STEEL

Stress-Strain Curves
FIGURE 17 – EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON FIGURE 18 – E FFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON
CONDITION H 1000 – TENSION CONDITION H 1000 – TENSION
1700
240 1400

260 °C 371 °C
180
1400 200
1200

160

1100 160
1000
140
Stress, MPa

Stress, ksi

800 120
120
800
Stress, MPa

80 Stress, ksi 100

500 ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel
Condition H 1000
Tested at 260 °C (500 °F) 600
UTS – 1317 MPa (191 ksi) 80
40
0.2% YS – 1227 MPa (178 ksi)
200 Proof Stress – 965 MPa (140 ksi)
Data represent one test from one heat 60
400 ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel
0 0 Condition H 1000
0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010 0.012 40 Tested at 371 °C (700 °F)
Strain, mm/mm (in./in.) UTS – 1213 MPa (176 ksi)
200
0.2% YS – 1103 MPa (160 ksi)
20 Proof Stress – 800 MPa (116 ksi)
Data represent one test from one heat
0 0
0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010 0.012
Strain, mm/mm (in./in.)

18
 ARMCO® PH 13-8 Mo STAINLESS STEEL

Stress-Strain Curves
FIGURE 19 – EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON FIGURE 20 – E FFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON
CONDITION H 1000 – TENSION CONDITION H 1000 – TENSION
1200
1400

427 °C 160 482 °C

180
1000
1200 140

160
120
800
1000
140
Stress, MPa 100

Stress, ksi
120 600
800
80
Stress, MPa

Stress, ksi

100
60
600 400
80
ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel
40 Condition H 1000
Tested at 482 °C (900 °F)
60 200 UTS – 1007 MPa (146 ksi)
400
20 0.2% YS – 869 MPa (126 ksi)
Proof Stress – 648 MPa (94 ksi)
ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel Data represent one test from one heat
40 Condition H 1000
Tested at 427 °C (800 °F) 0 0
200 UTS – 1138 MPa (165 ksi) 0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010
20 0.2% YS – 1000 MPa (145 ksi) Strain, mm/mm (in./in.)
Proof Stress – 758 MPa (110 ksi)
Data represent one test from one heat
0 0
0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010
Strain, mm/mm (in./in.)

19
 ARMCO® PH 13-8 Mo STAINLESS STEEL

Stress-Strain Curves
FIGURE 21 – EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON FIGURE 22 – E FFECT OF VARIOUS HEAT-TREATED CONDITIONS
CONDITION H 1000 – TENSION ON ROOM TEMPERATURE CURVES
1000
1500 220
140 538 °C
210

200
120
800 190
180
100
170
160
600
Stress, MPa

Stress, ksi

80 150
1000
140

130
60
400
Stress, ksi
Stress, MPa

120

ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel 110

40
Condition H 1000 100
200
Tested at 538 °C (1000 °F)
UTS – 793 MPa (115 ksi) 90
20 0.2% YS – 641 MPa (93 ksi)
80
Proof Stress – 510 MPa (74 ksi)
Data represent one test from one heat 500 70
0 0 60
0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010
50
Strain, mm/mm (in./in.) ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel
40 Condition H 950
30 Tested at Room Temperature 24 °C (75 °F)
UTS – 1600 MPa (232 ksi)
20 0.2% YS – 1475 MPa (214 ksi)
10 Data represent one test from one heat
0 0
0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010 0.012
Strain, mm/mm (in./in.)

20
 ARMCO® PH 13-8 Mo STAINLESS STEEL

Stress-Strain Curves
FIGURE 23 – E FFECT OF VARIOUS HEAT-TREATED FIGURE 24 – E FFECT OF VARIOUS HEAT-TREATED
CONDITIONSON ROOM TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS ON ROOM TEMPERATURE
CURVES – TENSION CURVES – TENSION
1500 220
1500 220
210
210
200
200
190
190
180
180
170 170

160 160
150 150
1000 1000
140 140
130 130
Stress, ksi
Stress, MPa

120
120
Stress, MPa

Stress, ksi

110
110
100
100
90
80 90
500 70 80
60 500 70
50 60
ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel
40
Condition H 1000 50
30 Tested at Room Temperature 24°C (75 °F)
40 ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel
20 UTS – 1572 MPa (228 ksi)
Condition H 1050
0.2% YS – 1469 MPa (213 ksi) 30
10 Data represent one test from one heat Tested at Room Temperature 24°C (75 °F)
20 UTS – 1393 MPa (202 ksi)
0 0 0.2% YS – 1358 MPa (197 ksi)
0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010 0.012 10 Data represent one test from one heat
Strain, mm/mm (in./in.) 0 0
0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010
Strain, mm/mm (in./in.)

21
 ARMCO® PH 13-8 Mo STAINLESS STEEL

Stress-Strain Curves
FIGURE 25 – E FFECT OF VARIOUS HEAT-TREATED CONDITIONS FIGURE 26 – E FFECT OF VARIOUS HEAT-TREATED CONDITIONS
ON ROOM TEMPERATURE CURVES – TENSION ON ROOM TEMPERATURE CURVES – TENSION
1500 220 1000
140
210
200
190 120
180 800

170
160 100

150
1000 600
140 80
Stress, MPa

Stress, ksi
130
120
Stress, MPa

Stress, ksi

110 400 60

100
90
40
80
200 ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel
500 70 Condition H 1150
60 20 Tested at Room Temperature 24°C (75 °F)
UTS – 1034 MPa (150 ksi)
50 0.2% YS – 689 MPa (100 ksi)
ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo Stain.less Steel Data represent one test from one heat
40
Condition H 1100 0 0
30
Tested at room temperature 24°C (75 °F) 0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008
20 UTS – 1220 MPa (177 ksi) Strain, mm/mm (in./in.)
0.2% YS – 1186 MPa (172 ksi)
10
Data represent one test from one heat
0 0
0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010
Strain, mm/mm (in./in.)

22
 ARMCO® PH 13-8 Mo STAINLESS STEEL

Stress-Strain Curves
FIGURE 27 – E FFECT OF VARIOUS HEAT-TREATED CONDITIONS FIGURE 29 – TOTAL STRESS-STRAIN CURVES H1000
ON ROOM TEMPERATURE CURVES – TENSION 1800 LONGITUDINAL DIRECTIONAL
120 250
800

225
100

600 200
80

1200 175
Stress, MPa

Stress, ksi

60
400
150
Stress, MPa

Failure
40 Stress, ksi
ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel 125
200 Condition H 1150-M
Tested at room temperature 24 °C (75 °F)
20 UTS – 1014 MPa (147 ksi) 100
0.2% YS – 648 MPa (94 ksi)
Data represent one test from one heat 600
0 0 75
ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel
0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010 Condition H 1000
Strain, mm/mm (in./in.) 50.8 x 152.4 mm. (2 x 6 in.) Bar Longitudinal
50
UTS – 1498 MPa (217.3 ksi)
0.2% YS – 1416 MPa (205.5 ksi)
FIGURE 28 – COMPRESSION STRESS – STRAIN CURVE Elong., % in 50.8 mm (2 in.) – 15.5
25 Red. of Area % 55.6
1500 220 Data represent one test from one heat
0 0
200
0 0.025 0.050 0.075 0.100 0.125 0.150
Strain, mm/mm (in./in.)
180

160

1000
140
Stress, MPa

Stress, ksi

120

100

80
500

60

ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel

40 Condition H 1000
50.8 x 152.4 mm (2 x 6 in.) Bar
0.2% YS – 1528 MPa (221.6 ksi)
20
Data represent one test from one heat compression

0 0
0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010 0.012 0.014 0.016
Strain, mm/mm (in./in.)

23
 ARMCO® PH 13-8 Mo STAINLESS STEEL

Stress-Strain Curves
FIGURE 30 – TOTAL STRESS-STRAIN CURVES H1000 FIGURE 31 – TOTAL STRESS-STRAIN CURVES H1000
TRANSVERSE DIRECTIONAL LONGITUDINAL DIRECTIONAL
1800 1800
250 250

225 225

200 200

175 1200 175

1200

150 150 Failure

Stress, MPa

Stress, MPa
Stress, ksi

Stress, ksi
Failure
125 125

100 100

600 600
75 ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel 75 ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel
Condition H 1000 Condition H 1000
50.8 x 152.4 mm. (2 x 6 in.) Transverse 50.8 x 152.4 mm. (2 x 6 in.) Longitudinal
50 UTS – 1465 MPa (212.5 ksi) 50 UTS – 1524 MPa (221.0 ksi)
0.2% YS – 1396 MPa (202.5 ksi) 0.2% YS – 1462 MPa (212.0 ksi)
Elong., % in 50.8 mm (2 in.) – 15.0 Elong., % in 50.8 mm (2 in.) – 13.0
25 Red. of Area % 56.3 25 Red. of Area % 53.2
Data represent one test from one heat Data represent one test from one heat
0 0 0 0
0 0.025 0.050 0.075 0.100 0.125 0.150 0 0.025 0.050 0.075 0.100 0.125 0.150
Strain, mm/mm (in./in.) Strain, mm/mm (in./in.)
Note: Identical test to Figure 29, performed on a different heat. Note: Identical test to Figure 29, performed on a different heat.

24
ARMCO® PH 13-8 Mo STAINLESS STEEL

Stress-Strain Curves
FIGURE 32 – TOTAL STRESS-STRAIN CURVES H1000
TRANSVERSE DIRECTIONAL
1800
250

225

200

175
1200

150
Failure
Stress, MPa

Stress, ksi

125

100

600
75
ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel
Condition H 1000
50
50.8 x 152.4 mm. (2 x 6 in.) Transverse
UTS – 1496 MPa (217.0 ksi)
0.2% YS – 1365 MPa (198.0 ksi)
Elong., % in 50.8 mm (2 in.) – 13.0
25
Red. of Area % 53.7
Data represent one test from one heat
0 0
0 0.025 0.050 0.075 0.100 0.125 0.150
Strain, mm/mm (in./in.)
Note: Identical test to Figure 30, performed on a different heat.

25
 ARMCO® PH 13-8 Mo STAINLESS STEEL

Variations in Heat Treatment

EFFECT OF VARIATIONS IN HEAT TREATMENTS FIGURE 33 – E FFECT OF VARIATION IN SOLUTION
Figure 33 shows the effect of variation in solution treatment. These are TREATMENT*CONDITION H 950
useful in predicting the behavior of ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel 240
UTS
in brazing cycle and other multiple-cycle heat treatments. 220
1600

0.2% YS

Strength, MPa
200 1400

Strength, ksi
180
1200
160

1000
140

20
Elongation %

15
in 4D0

10

70

60
Reduction of
Area – %

50

40

30

60 80
Charpy V-Notch, ft•lbs

Charpy V-Notch
60 Impact,
40
Impact,

J
40
20
20
0
Impact, Precracked Charpy

4000 700
600
Impact, Precracked
W/A in•lbs/in.2

3000
500
Charpy, W/A
mm•N/mm2

400
2000
300
200
1000
100

0
800 1000
Solution Annealing Temperature, °C
1500 1600 1700 1800
Solution Annealing Temperature, °F
*Tested in transverse direction 75 x 169 mm (3 x 6.75 in.) section.
Duplicate tests from one heat.

26
ARMCO® PH 13-8 Mo STAINLESS STEEL

Variations in Heat Treatment

EFFECT OF HARDENING TREATMENTS ON FIGURE 34 – 4 HR. HARDENING TIME, EFFECT OF VARIATION OF
SOLUTION-ANNEALED BAR HARDENING TEMPERATURE*
250
As with other precipitation hardening stainless steels, increasing the
aging temperature increases ductility and toughness with corresponding UTS 1600
225
drop in strength and hardness. 0.2% YS

Strength, ksi

Strength, MPa
200 1400

175 1200

150

Elongation % 20
in 4D0
10

60
Reduction of
Area – %

55

50

90

Impact, Charpy V-Notch

100
Impact, Strength,
Charpy V-Notch

60 80
ft•lbs

60

J
30 40
20
0

50
Hardness HRC

40

30
450 500 550 600
Hardening Temperature, °C
900 1000 1100
Hardening Temperature, °F
*Constructed from data representing duplicate tests from one heat.

27
 ARMCO® PH 13-8 Mo STAINLESS STEEL

Variations in Heat Treatment

FIGURE 35 – TENSILE STRENGTH VS. HARDENING TEMPERATURE
250
1700
240

230 1600

220
1500

210

1400

UTS, MPa
200
UTS, ksi

190
4 hours
8 hours 1300

180
16 hours
48 hours
1200
170

160 1100
(a)
150
1000

140
440 500 560 600
Aging Temperature, °C
230
1700
220

210 1600

200
1500

190
0.2% YS, MPa
0.2% YS, ksi

1400
180

170
4 hours
8 hours 1300

160 16 hours
48 hours
1200
150

140
1100
(b)
130
1000
120
440 500 560 600
Aging Temperature, °C
850 875 900 925 950 975 1000 1025 1050 1075 1100
Aging Temperature, °F

28
 ARMCO® PH 13-8 Mo STAINLESS STEEL

Variations in Heat Treatment

EFFECT OF COLD WORK AND COLD WORK
PLUS AGING
ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel produces highest strength levels
when it is cold worked prior to precipitation hardening. Figure 36 is
presented to facilitate handling of cold worked bar before it is precipitation
hardened to the full strength level.

FIGURE 36 – EFFECT OF COLD WORK ON SOLUTION-TREATED PROPERTIES*

200
11 400
UTS
175
Strength, ksi

0.2% YS 1200

Strength, MPa
150

1000

125

800
20
Elongation % in 4D0

15

10

40
Hardness HRC

35

30
0 5 10 20 30
% Cold Reduction
Data developed on 19 mm (0.75 in.) round bar stock – duplicate from one heat.
*Fabrication sequence:
1) Solution Annealing
2) Cold Drawing

29
 ARMCO® PH 13-8 Mo STAINLESS STEEL

Variations in Heat Treatment

EFFECT OF % COLD WORK ON FINAL PROPERTIES OF COLD WORKED AND HEAT TREATED BARS*
Figures 37, 38, 39 and 40 constructed from data representing duplicate tests from one heat.

FIGURE 37 – 482 °C (900 °F) HARDENING TEMPERATURE FIGURE 38 – 538 °C (1000 °F) HARDENING TEMPERATURE
275 275
1800 1800
UTS

Strength, MPa
250 250

Strength, MPa

Strength, ksi
Strength, ksi

0.2% YS UTS
1600 1600
225 225
0.2% YS
1400 1400
200 200

20 20
EElongation %

Elongation %
in 4D0
in 4D0

15 15

10 10

65 65
Reduction of

Reduction of
Area – %

Area – %

60 60

55 55

50 50
Charpy V-Notch, ft•lbs

Charpy V-Notch, ft•lbs

60 60
Charpy V-Notch, J
Impact, Strength,

Charpy V-Notch, J
Impact, Strength,
Impact, Strengh,

40 40 Impact, Strengh,

30 40 30 40

20 20

50 50
Hardness HRC

Hardness HRC

45 45

40 40
0 5 10 20 0 5 10 20
Cold Reduction Before Hardening – % Cold Reduction Before Hardening – %
*Fabrication Sequence
(1) Solution Treat
(2) Cold Work
(3) Precipitation Harden 4 Hours

30
 ARMCO® PH 13-8 Mo STAINLESS STEEL

Variations in Heat Treatment

EFFECT OF HARDENING TIME AND TEMPERATURE ON COLD REDUCED BARS UP TO
19 mm (0.75 in.) DIAMETER

FIGURE 39 – COLD REDUCED 10% FIGURE 40 – COLD REDUCED 20%

280 280

260 1800 260 UTS 900 °F 1800

UTS 900 °F

Strength, MPa
0.2% YS

Strength, ksi
Strength, ksi

Strength, MPa
240 0.2% YS 240
UTS UTS
0.2% 1600
100
1600 YS 100
0.2% 0 °F 0 °F
220 YS 220

1400 1400
200 200
Elongation %
Elongation %

15 1000 °F 15
1000 °F
in 4D0
in 4D0

900 °F 900 °F
10 10

65 65
1000 °F 1000 °F
Reduction of

Reduction of
Area – %

Area – %

60 60

900 °F 55
900 °F
55

°F
50 1000 50 0 °F
100
Charpy V-Notch, ft•lbs

Charpy V-Notch, ft•lbs

Impact, Strength,

60 60
Impact, Strength,

Charpy V-Notch, J
Charpy V-Notch, J

Impact, Strengh,
Impact, Strengh,

40 40

30 40 30 40
900 °F
900 °F
20 20

50 900 °F 50
Hardness HRC

900 °F
Hardness HRC

45 45
1000 °F 1000 °F

40 40
01 4 8 16 01 4 8 16
Hardening Time, hrs Hardening Time, hrs

31
 ARMCO® PH 13-8 Mo STAINLESS STEEL

Physical Properties
The following data represent single tests from one heat.

TABLE 15 – DENSITY
Density
Condition
kg/m 3
g/cm3 lbs/in.3
A 7740 7.74 0.279
H 1000 7760 7.76 0.279

TABLE 16 – DIMENSIONAL CHANGE ON

HEAT TREATMENT FROM CONDITION A
On hardening ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel, a predictable
dimensional contraction will occur. Contractions for various hardening
temperatures are indicated in the following table.
Hardening Temperature, °C (°F) Contraction*, mm/mm (= in./in.)
510 (950) 0.0004 – 0.0006
538 (1000) 0.0004 – 0.0006
566 (1050) 0.0005 – 0.0008
593 (1100) 0.0008 – 0.0012
621 (1150) 0.0030
760 + 621 (1400 + 1150) 0.0035
*Samples in Condition A prior to heat treatment.

TABLE 17 – MODULUS OF ELASTICITY

The Modulus of Elasticity for ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo stainless steel is:
Modulus of Elasticity,
Condition µ
GPa (Mpsi)
H 950 *202 (29.4) –
H 1000 *202 (29.4) –
H 1050 *202 (29.4) –
H 1000 **194 (28.3) 0.278
*Determined from Compression Test.
**Determined from Tension Test.

TABLE 18 – THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY AND

ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY (CONDITION A)
Temperature, Thermal Conductivity, Electrical Resistivity,
°C (°F) W/m•K (BTU/hr/ft2/in./°F) µΩ•cm
25 (77) – 100.1
100 (212) 14.0 (97.1) 101.9
200 (392) 15.8 (109.6) 104.6
315 (599) 17.9 (124.1) 106.1
425 (797) 20.5 (142.2) 108.1
540 (1004) 22.0 (152.6) 109.1
600 (1112) 22.6 (156.7) 109.5

32
 ARMCO® PH 13-8 Mo STAINLESS STEEL

Physical Properties
TABLE 19 – MEAN COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL EXPANSION µm/m • °C (µin./in./°F)
Temperature Range. Condition
°C (°F) H 950 H 1000 H 1050 H 1100
21 – 93 (70 – 200) 10.6 (5.9) 10.4 (5.8) 10.4 (5.8) 10.8 (6.0)
21 – 204 (70 – 400) 10.8 (6.0) 10.8 (6.0) 10.6 (5.9) 11.3 (6.3)
21 – 316 (70 – 600) 11.2 (6.2) 11.2 (6.2) 11.2 (6.2) 11.5 (6.4)
21 – 427 (70 – 800) 11.3 (6.3) 11.3 (6.3) 11.3 (6.3) 11.7 (6.5)
21 – 538 (70 – 1000) 11.9 (6.6) 11.9 (6.6) 11.9 (6.6) 12.2 (6.8)

DIMENSIONAL STABILITY
The following dilatometer curve is shown to indicate thermal
expansion and contraction as well as transformation temperatures in
ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel.

FIGURE 41 – DILATOMETER CURVE

12.0
Held 1/2 hr at
929 °C (1710 °F)
10.0

8.0
Expansion – mm/m (mils/in)

Ac1 = 627 °C (1180 °F)

6.0
Ac3 = 688 °C (1270 °F)
s
4.0
) in 3 hr
71 0 °F
°C (1
2.0 929
T to hrs
ti ng R
Hea 3.5
in
0 F)
5°
–4
10
17
-2.0 Ar1 = 41 °C (60 °F) C(
7° Original Condition – Mill Condition A
9–
1 92
-4.0 ing
olo
Co
-6.0
Ar3 = 99 °C (210 °F)

0 200 400 600 800

Temperature, °C
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800

Temperature, °F

33
 ARMCO® PH 13-8 Mo STAINLESS STEEL

Magnetic Permeability
FIGURE 42 – NORMAL INDUCTION – ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo STAINLESS STEEL – CONDITION H 950
1.3 (13)

1.2 (12)

1.1 (11)

1.0 (10)

0.9 (9) 30
=1
ability
0.8 (8) rme
Induction – T (kG)

Pe
um
xim
0.7 (7) Ma

0.6 (6)

0.5 (5)

0.4 (4)

0.3 (3)

0.2 (2)

0.1 (1)

0
800 2400 4000 5600 7200 8800 10 400 12 000 13 600 15 200
(10) (20) (30) (40) (50) (60) (70) (80) (90) (100) (110) (120) (130) (140) (150) (160) (170) (180)` (190) (200)
Field Strength - A/m (O/e)

FIGURE 43 – HYSTERESIS CURVE – ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo STAINLESS STEEL – CONDITION H 950

1.0 (10)
0. 9 (9)
0.8 (8)
0.7 (7)
0.6 (6)
Br = 5.6 Kilogausses
0.5 (5) = 0.56 Teslas
0.4 (4)
Induction – Induction – T (kG)

0.3 (3)
0.2 (2)
0.1 (1)
0
HC = 27 Oersteds
-0.1 (-1)
= 2160 Ampere/Meters
-0.2 (-2)
-0.3 (-3)
-0.4 (-4)
-0.5 (-5)
-0.6 (-6)
-0.7 (-7)
-0.8 (-8)
-0.9 (-9)
-7200 -5600 -4000 -2400 -800 0 800 2400 4000 5600 7200 8800 10 400 12 000
(-90) (-70) (-50) (-30) (-10) (10) (30) (50) (70) (90) (110) (130) (150)

Field Strength – A/m (O/e)

34
ARMCO® PH 13-8 Mo STAINLESS STEEL

Fabrication
HEAT TREATMENT practice is essential to assure grain refinement, and to make sure
When hot working, welding, brazing or applying other treatments altering the product will have the good ductility you can expect of this alloy.
the metallurgical structure of ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel, it is Examples of situations where cooling below 16 °C (60 °F) is an
necessary to re-solution heat treat to obtain full design properties in the important step follow:
fabricated parts. a) Cool below 16 °C (60 °F) after solution treating prior to applying any
The removal of oils and coatings as well as paint, soft makings of the precipitation hardening treatments.
and stickers/labels prior to heat treatment is essential to avoid b) Cool forged parts below 32 °C (90 °F) after final forging before
contamination. Carburized, nitrided or otherwise contaminated parts solution treating.
do not respond fully to heat treatment.
c) Cool any weldments below 32 °C (90 °F) prior to solution treating.
While selection of heat treating equipment depends to some extent
upon the parts to be heat treated, heat source, atmosphere and control DESCALING
of temperature are the primary considerations.
The hardening treatments for ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel
Furnaces fired with oil or natural gas are not entirely satisfactory for the produce only a light heat tint on the surfaces. The presence of this film
heat treatment of stainless steels. In such units it is difficult to control may degrade the corrosion resistance of this alloy. It can be removed
combustion and eliminate flame impingement on the parts being easily either by mechanical means, such as wet grit blasting, or by light
treated. Electric furnaces or gas-fired radiant tube furnaces are generally pickling for several minutes in 10% nitric – 2% hydrofluoric acid (by
used for heat treating precipitation hardening stainless steels, including volume) solution at 43 – 60 °C (110 – 140 °F). See Table 20,
ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel. where pickling is undesirable, the heat tint may be removed by light
Air has proved to be a satisfactory furnace atmosphere for solution- electropolishing. The latter two treatments also passivate or clean the
treating and hardening operations. Controlled reducing atmospheres surfaces for maximum corrosion resistance.
such as dissociated ammonia or bright annealing gas introduce the When forging or solution heat treating is performed, the following
hazard of nitriding and carburizing or decarburizing. All of these surface pickling method has proven satisfactory. Use of scale softening methods
conditions result in significantly lower strength in the affected areas. such as molten sodium hydride or the Virgo process is limited since
Bright solution treating may be accomplished in hydrogen, argon these methods harden solution-annealed material.
or helium atmospheres (dew point of -53 °C [-65 °F] or lower) or
In pickling operations, close control of time and temperature is
vacuum. Such atmospheres will provide an essentially scale-free surface
necessary to obtain uniform scale removal without over-etching.
if a cooling rate approximately that of an air cool can be obtained.
The most satisfactory method of removing scale resulting from solution
Solution heat treatment (927 °C 1700 °F) in molten salts is not
heat treatment or from forging has been grit blasting. Scale softening
recommended because of the danger of carburization and/or
methods may be used on material that has been solution annealed
intergranular penetration.
(not pickled) and precipitation hardened.
IMPORTANCE OF COOLING TO 16 °C (60 °F)
TABLE 20 – CLEANING AND PICKLING STEPS
IN FABRICATION AND HEAT TREATING
ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo STAINLESS STEEL Procedure Acid Bath
Temperature, Time,
Rinse
In fabricating ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel it is important to °C (°F) Minutes
keep in mind the low temperatures at which the start of transformation Step 1
Caustic 71 – 82
60 Water rinse
to martensite (Ms) and the finish of the martensite transformation (Mf) Permanganate (160 – 180)
occur. These temperatures are approximately 121 °C (250 °F) and 10% Nitric Hot water
21 °C (70 °F), respectively. Acid + high
43 – 60
Step 2 2% 2–3 pressure
Because of this unusual characteristic, it is necessary to cool parts (110 – 140)
Hydrofluoric water or
in process below 16 °C (60 °F) prior to applying subsequent Acid brush scrub
heat treatments if normal final properties are to be obtained. This

35
 ARMCO® PH 13-8 Mo STAINLESS STEEL

Fabrication
CUTTING
In general, the cutting procedures commonly used for standard
chrome-nickel stainless steels have proven satisfactory for
ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel.
Cold sawing is suggested for cutting bars and forging billets. Hot cutting
or abrasive wheel cutting with a large volume of coolant has been used
successfully. However, it should be noted that if abrasive wheel cutting
is not controlled, abrasive wheel cutting in Condition A can cause small
cracks on the cut face.
Thermal cutting of ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel requires a
process suited for cutting stainless steel such as flux-injection, powder
cutting, oxy-arc or arc-air methods. Since the heat-affected zones of
ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel are not significantly hardened or
embrittled by the localized heat of welding or torch cutting, this alloy
offers good possibilities for cutting by use of a thermal process.
FORGING
Forging has been an excellent method for forming intricate shapes
of ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel. Forging blanks should be
heated uniformly to 1176 – 1204 °C (2150 – 2200 °F) and held at
temperature for at least 15 minutes before forging. The last 50% of the
hot reduction should be made below 1038 °C (1900 °F) in order to
obtain best grain refinement when solution treated. On reheating, they
should be soaked thoroughly. After forging, sections should be cooled
to below 32 °C (90 °F) to assure grain refinement. Then, to obtain
the best condition for the hardening operations, the parts must be
re-solution heat treated to Condition A. In heating for forging, as in the
heat treatment of ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel, the user is
cautioned not to use endothermic atmospheres (or other atmospheres
that may cause carburization or decarburization).
FILLER METAL
The choice of a weld metal to join ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel
depends on properties required in the weld. Weld metal of PH 13-8 Mo
composition is used where properties comparable to those of the base
metal are desired. The weld metal can be produced by simple fusion of
the base metal, but deposition of WPH 13-8 Mo filler wire is preferred.
This holds the weld composition within established limits to provide
good weld ductility in the hardened condition.
The microstructure of WPH 13-8 Mo weld metal at room temperature
consists of a small amount of delta ferrite in a martensite matrix.
Presence of delta ferrite in WPH 13-8 Mo weld metal is helpful
in maintaining high immunity to hot cracking. A minimum of delta
ferrite is also desired in this final heat treated weld structure to obtain
good ductility in the hardened condition. The delta ferrite content is
determined primarily by composition. Weld bead size also has some
effect, with ferrite content being higher in the larger beads. Post-weld
solution heat treatments decrease ferrite content.
TABLE 21 – TOOLING AND LUBRICANTS –
ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo
Type of Work Tooling Lubricant
Low speed-high pressure High lubricity
High Speed Steel
(Milling, drilling) (Sulfur base oil)
High Speed Carbides
Chemical coolant
(Turning) (CISC C-6 and C-7)

MACHINING
ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel in Condition A has provided good
tool life and surface finish when machined at speeds of 20 – 30%
lower than those used for ARMCO 17-4 PH at similar hardness levels.

WELDING
The composition of ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel is balanced
for optimum performance in welding. Low carbon content restricts the
hardness of rapidly cooled material and avoids the formation of cracks
in weld deposits and heat-affected zones of the base metal, eliminating
the need for preheating. It also possesses sufficient ductility to permit
welding in Condition A or in any heat-treated condition.
Weld fixtures and shielding for alignment, control of distortion and
protection from air contaminants are similar to those employed for the
conventional chromium and chromium-nickel stainless steels.

36
ARMCO® PH 13-8 Mo STAINLESS STEEL

Fabrication
Austenitic chrome-nickel stainless steel weld metal may be used for
joining ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel where maximum strength
is not needed in the weld joint. Such fillers provide a tough and ductile
deposit in the joint, but the strength is only in the order of 620 MPa
(90 ksi) ultimate tensile strength and 414 MPa (60 ksi) 0.2% yield
strength. Filler metal of Type 308L is generally satisfactory.
If ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel is to be joined to a dissimilar
material, dilution must be considered. For example, in joining
ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel to a plain carbon or low alloy
steel, Type 309 stainless would be employed. In other dissimilar metal
joints when similar thermal expansion characteristics are needed, the
use of a nickel base alloy weld metal is suggested.

HEAT TREATMENT
In welds approximately 6 mm (0.25 in.) thick and under, both the
weld deposit and heat-affected areas of the base metal will respond
to the precipitation hardening heat treatment without the need for a
post-weld solution anneal. Welds greater than 6 mm (0.25 in.) thick
where multipass practices are employed will, if full properties are
needed, necessitate the use of a post-weld anneal prior to precipitation
hardening. If post-weld anneals are not feasible for the heavier sizes, the
extent of response for any thickness can be anticipated by reference to
data in the following tables.

TABLE 22 – MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo

STAINLESS STEEL WELDMENTS* 4.7 mm (0.1875 in.) THICK PLATE
UTS, 0.2% YS, Elong % in
Sample Condition Failed In
MPa (ksi) MPa (ksi) 31 mm (1.25")
Unwelded Base Plate
1517 (220) 1407 (204) 12 –
H 950
Weld + H 950 1483 (215) 1400 (203) 10 WM
Weld + Condition A
1490 (216) 1400 (203) 10 WM
+ H 950
Unwelded Base Plate
1476 (214) 1379 (200) 13 –
H 1000
Weld + H 1000 1407 (204) 1372 (199) 11 WM
Weld + Condition A
1386 (201) 1360 (197) 11 WM
+ H 1000
*Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) process Base plate welded in Condition A WPH 13-8 Mo filler metal used.
Average of duplicate tests from one heat.

37
 ARMCO® PH 13-8 Mo STAINLESS STEEL

Fabrication
TABLE 23 – MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo
STAINLESS STEEL WELDMENTS* 13 mm (0.5 in.) THICK PLATE
Elongation
UTS, 0.2% YS, Reduction
Sample Condition % in 13 mm % in 31 mm
MPa (ksi) MPa (ksi) of Area %
(0.5") (1.25") or 4D0
Unwelded Base Plate
1600 (232) 1476 (214) 63 ND(1) 17
H 950
Weld + H 950 1427 (207) 1193 (173) 51 28 14
Weld + Condition A
1496 (217) 1400 (203) 26 BOG(2) 9
+ H 950
Unwelded Base Plate
1490 (216) 1448 (210) 65 ND(1) 17
H 1000
Weld + H 1000 1379 (200) 1124 (163) 61 32 14
Weld + Condition A
1448 (210) 1414 (205) 37 20 9
+ H 1000
Unwelded Base Plate
1193 (173) 1124 (163) 71 ND 22
H 1100
Weld + H 1 100 1138 (165) 855 (124) 71 38 18
Weld + Condition A
1117 (162) 1089 (158) 29(3) 18(3) 8(3)
+ H 1100
*Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) process Samples welded in Condition A Filler metal WPH 13-8 Mo used Average of duplicate tests from one heat.
(1) ND – Not determined
(2) BOG – Broke outside gage
(3) Low values resulted from incomplete penetration in weld.

For most corrosive applications, the welded plus precipitation hardened

conditions are satisfactory. Where weldments are to be exposed in
strong oxidizing acid or marine environments, the use of a post-weld
solution anneal prior to precipitation hardening is suggested.

WELDING PROCESSES
The weld process most widely used for joining ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo
Stainless Steel is Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW). The preferred
shielding gas is helium. Both automated and manual practices have
been used. Where increased wire feed rates are needed, hot wire
filler additions may be employed. The plasma-arc and electron-beam
weld processes, either with or without the addition of a filler, may also
be employed.
The gas metal arc and shielded metal arc processes may be employed
where chromium-nickel or nickel base fillers are to be used.
Conventional resistance welding practices may also be employed for
joining ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel.

38
ARMCO® PH 13-8 Mo STAINLESS STEEL

Fabrication
TABLE 24 – MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo
STAINLESS STEEL WELDMENTS* 38 mm (0.75 in.) THICK PLATE
UTS, 0.2% YS, Elong % in Reduction of Failed
Sample Condition
MPa (ksi) MPa (ksi) 35 mm (1.4") Area % In
Unwelded Base
1551 (225) 1435 (208) 16 62 –
Plate H 950
Weld + H 950 1344 (195) 1103 (160) 13 47 WM
Weld + Condition A
1469 (213) 1344 (195) 18 20 WM
+ H 950
Unwelded Base
1103 (160) 910 (132) 22 71 –
Plate H 1100
Weld + H 1100 1048 (152) 648 (94) 20 70 WM
Weld + Condition A
1014 (147) 662 (96) 20 60 WM
+ H 1100
*Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) process. Base plate welded in Condition A. WPH 13-8 Mo filler metal used. Average of duplicate tests from one heat.

39
 ARMCO® PH 13-8 Mo STAINLESS STEEL

Corrosion Resistance
The general level of corrosion resistance of ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo HYDROGEN SULFIDE
Stainless Steel exceeds that of Types 410 and 431 but is not as ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel can be used to advantage in
good as that of ARMCO 17-4 PH Stainless Steel, based on laboratory sour oil and gas environments where other martensitic stainless steels
immersion tests in both strongly oxidizing and reducing media. In all are borderline or deficient. When heat treated at temperatures of
heat-treated conditions, PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel exhibits very little 593 °C (1100 °F) and above, ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel
rusting after 500 hours exposure to 5% salt fog at 35 °C (95 °F). exhibits both substantially greater strength and better resistance to
The pitting resistance of ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel is sulfide stress cracking than ARMCO 17-4 PH and Type 410 in their
approximately equal to that of 17-4 PH and Type 304 stainless steels. most resistant conditions.
When exposed to marine atmosphere, ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo Stainless The laboratory data Table 25 were obtained in a room temperature
Steel gradually develops a superficial overall layer of rust with shallow solution containing 5% NaCI and 0.5% acetic acid, saturated with
pits averaging about 0.07 – 0.10 mm (0.003 – 0.004 in.) deep. H2S, following NACE TM0177.
Like other precipitation hardening stainless steels, the corrosion
resistance of ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel is greatest in the MARINE STRESS CORROSION
fully hardened condition and decreases very slightly as the aging ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel is the most resistant of the
temperature is increased. hardenable stainless steels to stress-corrosion cracking. It offers higher
useful mechanical properties than any other ferrous base material under
HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT extreme environmental conditions.
Hydrogen embrittlement is a potential threat to all high strength Table 26's data was obtained on 1.6 mm (0.062 in.) thick smooth
martensitic steels wherever the reduction of hydrogen ions to atomic bent-beam samples of ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel exposed in
hydrogen may occur. Commonplace examples are aqueous corrosion, triplicate at a location 24 m (80 ft) from the ocean.
cathodic protection to prevent corrosion, galvanic coupling with less
ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel should be precipitation hardened
noble metals and electroplating.
at 574 °C (1000 °F) or above if service conditions involve exposure
When exposed to 18% HCI – 1% Se02 (selenium dioxide) solution and to marine atmosphere under high levels of stress. Likewise, weldments
stressed to 690 MPa (100 ksi) in direct tension, ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo should be resolution treated and aged at temperatures in this range if
Stainless Steel aged at temperatures ranging from 482 – 566 °C service conditions are conducive to stress-corrosion cracking.
(900 – 1050 °F) failed from hydrogen embrittlement within two hours.
Aging at temperatures above 593 °C (1100 °F) conferred immunity to
cracking, while at 593 °C (1100 °F) – a borderline situation existed – with
material sometimes resistant to cracking, and sometimes not.
These observations are analogous to those for ARMCO 17-4 PH with
approximately equal resistance to cracking exhibited by both alloys in
the various heat-treated conditions. Both alloys are superior to
Type 410 in resistance to cracking from hydrogen embrittlement.
Despite the susceptibility of both ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo and
ARMCO 17-4 PH Stainless Steels to hydrogen embrittlement that is
shown by this severe test, we are not aware of more than a few isolated
instances of their failure in service by this mechanism. Apparently, under
nearly all conditions of use, these alloys possess adequate resistance
to hydrogen embrittlement. Where this problem is acute and strength
requirements permit, these alloys should be aged at temperatures of
593 °C (1100 °F) or higher to insure freedom from cracking.

40
ARMCO® PH 13-8 Mo STAINLESS STEEL

Corrosion Resistance
TABLE 25 – STRESS-CRACKING RESISTANCE OF ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo,
ARMCO 17-4 PH AND TYPE 410 STAINLESS STEELS IN NaCI-ACETIC
ACID-H 2 S SOLUTION
Heat 0.2% Yield Threshold Stress, Threshold Stress,
Alloy
Treatment Strength, MPa (ksi) *MPa (ksi) * % of 0.2% YS
H 1100 965 (140) 379 (55) 39
PH 13-8 Mo H 1125 827 (120) 586 (85) 71
H 1150 793 (115) 517 (75) 65
H 1150 + 1150 793 (115) 138 (20) 17
17-4 PH
H 1150 M 586 (85) 172 (25) 29
1200 °F (677 °C) 4 hrs.
Type 410 + 621 (90) 103 (15) 17
1150 °F (621 °C) 4 hrs.
*Threshold stress is defined as the maximum stress at which no failure occurs after 720 hrs. exposure to standard NACE solution at room temperature.
Data represent tests from one heat of ARMCO PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel and two heats of ARMCO 17-4 PH and Type 410.

TABLE 26 – MARINE STRESS – CORROSION RESISTANCE

0.2% Yield Strength, Time to Failure, Days, Under Stress of
Heat
MPa (ksi) 100% Yield Strength 75% Yield Strength
Condition A
827 (120) NF*, NF, NF NF, NF, NF
D
Condition H 950
A 1407 (204) 353, 1077** 1077, 1856, 6655
B 1448 (210) 86, 86, 165 1241, 2354, 4104
C 1469 (213) 107, 160, 165 44, 127, 165
D 1510 (219) 32, 70, 70 97, 120, 1399
Condition
H 1000
A 1372 (199) 1917, 6392, NF NF, NF, NF
B 1427 (207) 1150, 2354, NF 2354, 3048, NF
C 1413 (205) 157, 4325, NF 1989, 3048, NF
D 1469 (213) 97,160, NF 783, 1849, 4443
Condition
H 1050
A 1186 (172) NF, NF, NF NF, NF, NF
Solution Annealed
+
Welded +
H 1000
A 1344 (195) 43, 43, 43 43, 100
Solution Annealed
+
Welded +
Solution
Treated +
H 1000
A 1344 (195) NF, NF, NF NF, NF, NF
*NF indicates no failure to date. Tests were begun July 25,1967 for Heat A, May 9,1962 for Heats B and C, and June 3,1971 for Heat D. Tests are continuing.
**Only two specimens tested.

41
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4.19