Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Bars
Shiladitya Chanda
Institute for Steel Development & Growth
Kolkata
A bar bender & fixer should be able to indentify types of
reinforcement bars, read drawings and prepare schedules,
fabricate using hand and power tools, store, transport and fix
reinforcement in position in formwork in readiness for
concrete pours and should strictly practice safety norms and
precautions.
Specific Duties
• Read drawings and bending schedules.
• Indentifies the common defects, delivery conditions and remedial measures, if any.
• Calculate the cut lengths and weights of bars from codes and standards and also calculate the total weight invo
in the job.
• Cuts and bends reinforcement exactly as per the requirement of the schedule.
• Ties and fastens bundled bars to ensure they remain in position whether horizontal or vertical
• Stacks and stores steel tidily and safely to ensure correct utilization based on size and type.
• Keeps accurate and uniform spacing of bars, staggers laps and maintains correct cover
Contd.
Specific Duties
• Correlates the sequence of reinforcement placing with fixing of inserts, sleeves, conduits
and anchors.
• Prefabricates mesh and cages including additional bars for lifting safely
High Strength
Low Elongation
Poor Weldability
Poor Bendability
Vulnerable to corrosion.
Thermo Mechanically Treated Bars (TMT) – Improved
Manufacturing Process by modifying Micro-Structure,
Good Weldability
TMT Bars
Try to ensure the producer that has supplied the Rebars has a genuine
‘TMT’ technology. Generally all major steel producers have this
technology.
Check the BIS license for each diameter.
Always test the rebars for properties instead of merely relying on the
name ‘TMT’.
Check the elongation value from the test results. Good TMT bars will
have elongation ranges from 16-28%.
Identifying TMT bars
Field test the rebars at random. FILING the surface of the rebars with the help
of a ‘rough’ hand file. A site worker will easily recognise if the surface is hard
or soft. All TMT bars will have a harder surface than unquenched bars.
Try to ascertain visually that TMT bars have a uniform cross section of
hardened periphery with a soft core.
The cross-section shall be fine polished by grinder and emery paper. The
smooth end of sample is then pickled in nitrol solution (5 to10% nitric acid
with balance ethyl alcohol). The result should show a uniform tempered
martensite periphery with a softer core. (Optional)
Concrete Types
Minimum Concrete grade as per IS 456 : 2000 is M20
Beam = 25 mm
Column = 40 mm
(for Column size 200 mm and main rebar dia 12 mm, 25 mm clear cover may
Corrosion and Rusting
Rust
Check
Use a wire brush to clean the rebar surface and observe for pit
formation due to corrosion or over rusting.
Do not store rebars in direct contact with ground. Place wooden logs /
sleepers below the rebars.
Good Construction Practice
Weight Table
Formula : (3.1416 x d x d x 7.85) / 4000
3. While concreting in batches, do not break the concreting sequence during consumption of a single batch
mix. Consume the single batch mix at one go only.
5. Do not place the rebars too close. Reinforcement placing should allow compaction by immersion vibrator.
7. Concrete should be thoroughly compacted around the embedment and corners of formworks by suitable
means.
Good Construction Practices as per Codal Provision
Lapping:
• Laps in the bends or hooks shall be minimum 30D (D – diameter of the rebar)
• When bars of two different diameters are to be spliced, the lap length shall be calculated on the basis of diameter of the smaller bar.
Checklist for Drawings
• Drawings must be clearly readable and rebar shapes, dia and
numbers are understandable.
Pile Foundation
Strip Footings
Isolated footing is the
most common type of
foundation
Good Construction Practices as per Codal Provision
Minimum depth of footing from Existing ground level is 600 mm (2’-0”).
The diameter of main reinforcement bars should not be less than 10 mm.
Thickness at the end of sloped footings shall not be less than 150 mm (6
inches)
Depth of the Grade Beams shall not be less than 150 mm (6 inches).
Columns - Minimum bars for Rectangular section is 4 nos and for Circular section
is 6
Spacing of longitudinal bars measured along the periphery of the column shall not
exceed 300 mm (12 inches).
side.
Optimum diameter of rebars in slabs shall be one size below of one eighth of Depth of Slab. Like,
for 100 mm (4 inches) slab, optimum diameter would be, < 100/8
2. For beam, the width to depth ratio shall be more than 0.3
3. Wherever main bars are spliced, stirrups spacing shall not be more than 150 mm (for beam and column both).
4. Minimum diameter of stirrups shall be 6 mm, however if the clear span of beams is more than 5.0m, stirrups shall be 8 mm
minimum.
5. Spacing of stirrups at either end of beam (1000 mm) shall not be less than 100 mm (4 inches).
6. The first stirrups from the joint face shall be placed within 50 mm.
8. If the frame is more than 5.0m c/c or column height more than 4.0 m, minimum dimension shall be 300 mm.
9. In the Beam to Column junction, minimum one tie for column reinforcement is necessary. If it is not possible, then hook type
ties may be provided connecting opposite corners.
Cutting
Small sizes (upto 16 mm diameters) bars can be cut by
Hacksaw blades. Bigger sizes (> 16 mm) bars can be cut by
any abrasive saw. However, flame cutting with oxy-
acetylene torch shall not be practiced. Upto 25 mm (1 inch)
tolerances are permissible while cutting. Cut lengths shall
be measured on a measuring table, so that flatness and
straightness are also checked during measuring.
Bending
Bending of rebars shall be done either by improvised means
or by hand operated machines or by power operated bender.
Beam – After cleaning and alignment (cross and verticality check) of shuttering, proper
cover blocks shall placed at bottom. For side cover, cover blocks shall be tied with
main rebars (top and bottom) at a interval to avoid displacement during concreting.
Column – Cover blocks shall be tied with main rebars from all four sides in a
staggered fashion.
Slabs – Cover blocks shall be placed at regular interval below the main rebars to
ensure uniform clear cover.
Storing / Stacking
Rebars should not be left with direct contact with the
ground and should be arranged on wooden sleeper or
blocks. Suitable racking system may also be adopted.
Vertical stacking is permissible where stacking place is
extremely limited.
Cordon off the work area and erect appropriate warning signs
as far as practicable.
Ensure that workers are trained and are competent in the jobs
that they have to do.