LITERACY REPORT OF ENGLISH MATERIAL

Created By: Asyifa Zahra

Absent: 08
Class: X-7
Book Tittle : Soedirman Seorang Panglima, Seorang Martir
Publisher : Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia

Jl. Bulak Timur I No.10 – 11, RT 8/RW 16, Klender 13470,

Duren Sawit, Jakarta Timur, DKI Jakarta
Book Title: SOEDIRMAN SEORANG PANGLIMA, SEORANG MARTIR
Author: Arif Zulkifli, dan Wahyu Dyatmika
Publisher: Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia
Thickness of Book: 160 Pages

No. Day/lDate Responses

/conclusion
1. Wednesday, In November 2012, Tempo magazine was
January 03, 2024 published with a cover picture of the young
Soedirman's face - Soedirman's great gender
position as the first founder of the army's
foundations. It seems that the foundations of the
army are indeed firmly embedded in the collective
subconscious of the Indonesian people. Generation
after generation, this nation learns about the
footsteps of the young general who led the
guerrillas from the top of a palanquin. This. Not
many people realize that the characterization of
Soedirman which is so dominant in our historical
understanding is a construction of the New Order.
2. Thursday, Sudirman was appointed as Commander-in-Chief.
January 04, 2024 On December 18, 1945. In the TKR high
 headquarters building in Gondokusuman,
Yogyakarta, he was ordained by Soekarno and M.
Hatta. As Commander-in-Chief - borrowing the
title Soepardjo Roestam (former Bodyguard)
Sudirman was the father of the army whose
subordinates approved every order he uttered - He
is seen as instrumental in laying the foundations for
the Indonesian National Army.
3. Tuesday, The meeting at the high headquarters of the
January 09, 2024 people's security army in Gondokusuman,
Yogyakarta, 12 November 1945 suddenly became
heated. Colonel Holland Iskandar, a former officer
defending the homeland (peta), instructed the
leader of the session, Oerip Soemahardjo, to ask the
meeting participants to elect the highest leader of
the people's security army which had just been
formed a week earlier. This was also the case when
Sudirman, who had the rank of colonel, was elected
as the commander in chief of the TKR.
4. Wednesday, Nasution's superior, Sudirman, was chosen
January 10, 2024 because the TKR at that time was dominated by
ex-maps apart from elements of the KNIL, heiho
and youth who in map circles, especially in
several areas in Java, Sudirman was already quite
well known. Two days after Sudirman's election,
precisely on November 14 1945, Prime Minister
Sultan Sjahrir announced the cabinet positions.
Sjahrir appointed Amir Sjarifoeddin as defense
minister.
5. Thursday, Soepardjo Roestam, who was Sudirman's
January 11, 2024 bodyguard, noted that according to the election
which ended at night, Sudirman immediately
invited the division commanders to discuss war
strategies. he ordered the army to prepare for the
Ambarawa war. "The leadership realized how
strategic Ambarawa was," wrote Tjokropranolo,
partly because in the city of Ambarawa there was a
banjoe biroe fort, which had been used as an army
headquarters since the Dutch era. Apart from that,
Ambarawa, also Magelang, is a selfie stick and a
training ground for the KNIL.
6. Tuesday, That night Ambarawa was used as the central
January 16, 2024 headquarters for battle coordination. Talent will be
the center for organizing strategies and deploying
troops, not only TKR but also the troops in this
manuscript coordinating several regions including
Banyumas, Kedu, Yogyakarta and Solo. The leader
of the Banyumas troops, Lieutenant Colonel
Isdiman, worsened the conflict in Ambarawa.
 Isdiman died on November 26 1945 on his way to
Ambarawa, hit by gunfire from a Mustang aircraft.
7. Wednesday, Sudirman personally led the war leadership
January 17, 2024 headquarters in Magelang. After Isdiman's death he
often went directly to the front to check the
situation. At a meeting on December 11 that year,
Sudirman and the sector commander decided to
continue the shrimp soup strategy. This was a
sudden raid strategy to control the Semarang-
Yogyakarta highway.
8. Thursday, Exactly at 04.30 the next morning the attack began,
January 18, 2024 a series of additional attacks echoed in four corners
of the city. according to Tjokropranolo on the
fourth day or 15 December 1945. Enter the TKR
and the troops succeeded in forming a pincer
movement like shrimp ants which ended up
meeting outside the city north of Ambarawa.
Kelvar British troops headed for Semarang.
9. Tuesday, The Ambarawa war, known as the Ambarawa
January 23, 2024 circles, is considered one of Sudirman's great
victories. but according to Richard McMillan in the
book the British occupation in Indonesia 1945-
1946, British troops withdrew because the task of
evacuating prisoners had ended on December 8
after all the prisoners had been taken to Semarang.
"One week later, the British garrison was
withdrawn from Ambarawa," McMillan wrote.
citing war document WO 203/6159, period October
1945-November 1946.
10. Wednesday, However, McMillan admitted that there was a great
January 24, 2024 war when British troops freed prisoners in
Semarang, Surabaya, Ambarawa and Magelang,
British troops were attacked by five thousand
Indonesian troops. The British then
counterattacked with the help of the Japanese Kido
Butai battalion.
11. Thursday, Located at the TKR high headquarters,
January 25, 2024 Gondokusuman, President Sukarno and Vice
President Hatta finally appointed Sudirman as
commander-in-chief on December 18 1945.
According to Salim said, the government
postponed the inauguration for a month because
there was reluctance to inaugurate Sudirman, who
was chosen by the soldiers. Political elites who
received western education have the principle that
the formation of an army should fulfill the concept
of civil supremacy.
12. Tuesday, The sun was not yet above the crown when the
January 30, 2023 Panembahan Senopati Battle Command soldiers
marched out of the barracks with full weapons,
originally, the troops based in Solo would only
show their strength to commemorate National
Awakening Day, 20 May 1948. However, the
Indonesian Social Youth Army (Pesindo) , the
Indonesian navy, and the TNI-community
infiltrated. The parade also turned into an action to
reject the army's Reorganization and
Rationalization (ReRa) Policy.
13. Wednesday, ReRa will cut personnel and units. Troops from
January 31, 2024 elements of the Worried people were displaced.
Rumors circulated that only officers with education
above secondary school would qualify. Massive
demonstrations broke out, involving tens of
thousands of troops in Madiun and Malang, East
Java. President Sukarno issued Decree Number 14
of 1948 concerning the Implementation of ReRa,
January 2 1948.
14. Thursday, The army is increasingly inflamed by the reduction
February 01, 2024 in rank. ReRa is considered discriminatory. and
benefited former members of the KNIL, the flag
Kingdom army. Former KNIL Gets priority to be
recruited as an Officer and gets a promotion. The
majority of the Sillwangi division is filled with
former KNIL personnel. The former defenders of
the homeland (Peta, the Japanese army), who only
received local education, were demoted.
15. Tuesday, Oerip Soemohardjo's rank, for example, rose from
Februray 06, 2024 major general to lieutenant general. On the other
hand, General Sudirman's rank was reduced to
lieutenant general. No less than 60 generals and
admirals stepped down. One of the officers,
Colonel Bambang Supeno, resigned from the
position of Commander of Division I as a form of
protest.
16. Wednesday, Sudirman is worried that this policy will cause
February 07, 2024 division. Finally, the Government relented.
Nasution returned to the rank of Colonel, the left
wing officer was still given a place. Before ReRa,
there was already internal conflict due to the results
of the Renville Agreement. The seeds of division
emerged from the moment the agreement was
signed.
17. Tuesday, Masjumi and PNI withdrew their ministers from
February 13, 2024 Amir Sjarifoeddin's cabinet. The agreement is
considered detrimental to Indonesia. Finally, the
Amir Cabinet fell, replaced by the Hatta Cabinet.
General Soedirman and Lieutenant Oerip
 Soemahardjo were reportedly sick because they
rejected the agreement. One of the painful results:
Only one third of Indonesia's territory, Central
Java. In addition, the Indonesian army had to leave
the Dutch Colonial Territory.
18. Thursday, The Siliwangi Division made a long march to
February 15, 2024 Central Java. Sudirman actually doesn't agree with
this point. "Pak Dirman wants the Siliwangi troops
not to have to leave their territory," said Rushdy.
Big cities in Java, Yogya, Magelang, Solo and
Madiun, are also crowded. Overcrowded houses,
crowded dormitories, school buildings and
warehouses were used as emergency shelter. "In
fact, some had to stay in old carriages," said
Soeharto in his Autobiography.
19. Tuesday, The situation becomes more difficult when food
February 27, 2024 supplies run short. Areas producing basic
necessities, such as Malang, Besuki and West Java,
were completely controlled by the Dutch. The
value of the rupiah plummeted. In Solo, conditions
became even worse when the KPPS commander,
Colonel Soetarto, was shot by an unknown person
in front. his house On July 2 1948. Major Omom
Abdoerachman found a Peci with a Sillwangi
badge next to the victim.
20. Wednesday, The accusations were directed at the Siliwangi
February 28, 2024 brigade. Muwardi, a figure in the fortress line of the
Republic of Indonesia, is missing. Officers -
Officers from former Unitary Forces who
supported the Leftist Group were kidnapped. They
were detained at the Siliwangi headquarters,
Srangkat. Mutual suspicion and clashes between
troops spread.
21. Thursday, Panembahan Senopati urged all Siliwangi troops to
February 29, 2024 leave. Soedirman intervened by issuing an order:
Siliwangi had to leave Solo-Semarang, but the Il
Siliwangi bridgade refused. The People's
Demonstration Front (FDR) document - a
combination of leftist groups - states that Solo is
targeted to become the wild west. FDR was formed
by Amir Sjurifoeddin, who was disappointed.
22. Tuesday, On September 18 1948, Soekarno announced that
March 05, 2024 Solo was in danger via RRI Yogyakarta. He asked
the people of Solo to support the legitimate
government. Musso responded by broadcasting the
Proclamation of the People's Democratic Republic
of Indonesia via Radio Gelora Pemuda Madiun.
23. Wednesday, The Indonesian communist party claims that what
March 06, 2024 was done in Madiun was part of self-defense.
Soemarsono said the government plans to eliminate
 the leftists in accordance with the Red Devil
Proposal. Hatta's government made this agreement
with the United States. The guarantee: Indonesia
will be supported at the United Nations Forum.
24. Thursday, Sudirman did not like the PKI's steps. He sent
March 07, 2024 lieutenant Colonel Suharto to persuade Musso.
"Isn't it good that we abandon hostility and unite to
face the Dutch," said Soeharto in my book
Thoughts, Sayings and Actions. Musso replied, "If
I am destroyed, I will definitely fight."
25. Tuesday, Soedirman visited the location of the PKI massacre
March 12, 2024 in November 1948. At the end of November, he
returned home. When he got home, he complained
to his wife that he couldn't sleep while he was in
Madiun. Soedirman was shocked to see the 5 cm
pool of blood and the terrible condition of the
victim. "Coming home from Madiun, my father
was not only tired, but also experiencing mental
stress." said Muhammad Teguh Bambang Tjahjadi,
63 years old. In 2012, his son.
26. Wednesday, After telling the story, Soedirman immediately
March 13, 2024 took a shower, but didn't want to use warm water.
After bathing, he felt weak, until the next day he
just lay there. Due to the diagnosis of tuberculosis,
Soedirman underwent treatment at Panti Rapih
Hospital.
27. Thursday, Towards the changeover, busyness at the military
March 14, 2024 base which is now with Huseins Astranega
increases. Sebangan 18 The C-47 Dakota transport
aircraft belonging to Militaire Luchtvaart, the royal
Dutch air force, warms up the engine.
28. Tuesday, The commotion did not disturb Lieutenant General
March 19, 2024 Simon Hendrix Spoor's briefing in one of the air
base's hangars. Spoor, Commander of the Dutch
Army in Indonesia, gave directions to 432 Para-
compagnie Corps Speciale Troepen (KST)
personnel.
29. Wednesday, Spoor's speech started Operatie Kraai or Operation
March 20, 2024 Crow, a Dutch military attack to seize Yogyakarta,
the capital and only territory of the Republic of
Indonesia after the Renville Agreement. Apart
from that, Spoor planned to destroy the Indonesian
National Army spread across Central Java and East
Java in one blow.
30. Thursday, The conquest of Yogyakarta was handed over to
March 21, 2024 battle group A led by Colonel D.R.A. Van Langen,
headquartered in Kallbull, Semarang, while groups
B to E were deployed to destroy the TNI in Central
Java and East Java.
31. Tuesday, As the spearhead of the attack, Spoor chose KST
March 26, 2024 which is headquartered in Batu Gajar, Bandung
Regency, because it has the best combat
capabilities. The Red Beret troops had to seize
Maguro Airfield in a maximum of three hours,
assisted by fighter aircraft attacks.
32. Wednesday, At exactly 02.00, KST members began to line up
March 27 2024 and enter the Dakota hull. The first plane left Andir
at 04.30, followed by the next plane with a time
difference of one minute. Spoor boarded the
command plane, Penge bomber-25 Mitchell, which
flew last. Hordes of deadly crows flew along the
South Coast of West Java to Yogyakarta.
33. Thursday, At the same time, three B-25 Mitchells, five P-51
March 28, 2024 Mustang fighters, and nine P-40 kittyhawk
ambushers departed Kalibanteng air base to attack
Maguwo.
34. Wednesday, The first bomb was dropped at 05.15 and damaged
Apr 17 2024 the hangar and several Japanese heritage aircraft
from the TNI Air Force. The next wave of attacks
was carried out by the Mustangs. and kitty hawk,
who fired a Каnon towards the Air Base Defense
Force Headquarters.
35. Thursday, came under a sudden attack. 30 TNI members in
Apr 18, 2024 Maguwo were shocked. they could only respond
with light rifle fire. All base guards were killed by
aerial fire. The battle was over in half an hour.
36. Tuesday, The Dutch sudden attack on Maguwe shocked the
Apr 23, 2024 Indonesian leaders. The new war announcement
was made by the Dutch High Commissioner in
Indonesia, Joseph Beel, at 08.00 late after Maguwo
was captured. Just like Japan was late in sending a
warning of war to the United States after attacking
Pearl Harbor.
37. Wednesday, Beel also disguised Operatie Kraai as a police
Apr 24, 2024 action, aka a security operation, to arrest rebel
soldiers who they called extremists who often
infiltrated Dutch territory. "We are mobilizing all
our strength to carry out the Cleanup," he said.
38. Thursday, The Beranda attack made Soedirman's illness
Apr 25, 2024 worse. Sudirman's youngest son, Muhammad
Teguh Bambang Tjahjadi, said that his father, who
had only been released from the hospital four days
after lung surgery, was experiencing stress. "The
night before the attack, you vomited blood," he told
Tempo, September 2012.
39. Tuesday, On December 19 morning, Sudirman ordered. His
Apr 30, 2024 aide, Captain Soepardjo Roestam, announced
tactical order number 1, the guerrilla strategy that
 TNI members had to carry out if the Dutch
attacked.
40. Wednesday, Soepardjo was ordered by Soedirman to meet
May 01, 2024 President Soekarno at the Yogyakarta Grand
Building, but he did not provide news, Soedirman
asked Captain "Nolly" Tjokropranolo to
accompany him. directly to remind Sukarno of his
promise to take over leadership of the TNI and take
command of the guerrilla war if the Dutch attacked.
41. Thursday, Military historian Saleh Djamhari stated that
May 02, 2024 General Sudirman asked Sukarno and other
officials to leave Yogyakarta to avoid arrest by the
Dutch. However, Because Soekarno refused.
Sudirman decided to guerrilla in order to remain in
command. Sure enough the next day the Dutch led
by Colonel Van Beek arrested Sukarno, Hatta,
Sultan Sjahrir, and other Cabinet members in the
Agung building, they were then exiled to Prapat,
North Sumatra, and on Bangka Island.
42. Tuesday, TNI Continues Armed Struggle with. Forming
May 07, 2024 guerrilla pockets and carrying out Serungun and
Sabotage against the Dutch according to Strategy
Order Number 1. Soedirman and Colonel
Nasution's strategy emphasized hit and run tactics
to break up the opposing forces.
43. Wednesday, After deciding to guerrilla on 19 December 1948,
May 08, 2024 Sudirman moved from Yogyakarta to Kediri.
There, together with Colonel Soengkono,
commander of the Brawijaya Division, they
finalized their guerrilla strategy. they explained the
contents of strategic order number 1/STOP/48/5/48
concerning general guerrilla tactics for the
Indonesian National Army, which was drawn up in
May 1948.
44. Tuesday, The TNI formed a guerrilla base in the mountains,
May 14, 2024 and attacked Dutch patrols, and built strength on
Mount Wilis and Mount Kombung. After finalizing
the strategy, Soedirman left Kediri for
Karangnongko Hamlet on Mount Wilis. The next
day the Dutch occupied Kediri.
45. Wednesday, Soedirman's guerrilla route from Kediri to
May 15, 2024 Karangnongko was very difficult, requiring around
4.5 hours of walking because the road was uphill.
Luckily, most of the route is village roads which are
now paved. In Karangnongko, Tempo met
Jamingan, the 93-year-old former head of village
security, who helped find a place for Sudirman to
live. Sudirman stayed one night at Mustajab
Gombloh's house.
 46. Thursday, According to Soekanto S.A. in the book "General
May 16, 2024 Sudirman's Modest Journey," Dutch spies learned
of Sudirman's whereabouts in Karangnongko. To
avoid an ambush, Sudirman hid in the forest north
of the village, while part of his troops moved south
to outwit the enemy. From Karangnongko,
Soedirman moved 8 kilometers north to Goliman
Hamlet in the Kediri area.
47. Tuesday, The next day Soedirman headed to the Bajulan
May 21, 2024 area. In the book "The Commander in Chief of the
TNI, General Soedirman: Leader of the Last
Breaker of Colonization in Indonesia,"
Tjokropranolo explains that Sudirman's troops
found a second-hand Dutch radio transmitter
around Bajulan. This tool allows them to
communicate with all command headquarters and
the TNI Commander.
48. Wednesday, Guerrillas began to run massively, consolidation in
May 22, 2024 the regions became more organized. However, on
the ninth day in Bajulan, Sudirman's presence was
detected by the Dutch, he then moved west across
Mount Wilis towards Ponorogo, Trenggalek, and
Pacitan. In Sobo Village, Sudirman built a guerrilla
headquarters from 18 February to early July 1949.

Synopsis:
The book "Soedirman: A Commander, A Martyr" written by the Tempo and KPG Writing
Team, is an in-depth biography about the life of General Soedirman, a major figure in
Indonesian military history. This book tells the story of Soedirman's life journey from his
youth, his military career, to the guerrilla struggle he led during the Indonesian revolution
against the Dutch.
Sudirman, who was originally a teacher and Hizbul Wathan activist, turned into a brave and
intelligent soldier. This book reveals how he was elected by acclamation as Commander-in-
Chief of the Indonesian Republic Army at a young age and how he played an important role in
laying the foundation of the Indonesian military. One of the most heroic moments in his life
was when he led a guerrilla war for eight months despite being seriously ill due to tuberculosis,
even having to fight with only one functioning lung.
Apart from his struggles on the battlefield, this book also explores Sudirman's personal side,
including his relationships with other figures such as Sukarno and Hatta, as well as the personal
challenges he faced, such as his addiction to cigarettes and his declining health.
This book is intended not only for leaders and government officials who want to learn from
Sudirman's example, but also for students and anyone who wants to understand more deeply
about Soedirman's great contribution to Indonesian independence.
Translate:
Buku "Soedirman: Seorang Panglima, Seorang Martir" yang ditulis oleh Tim Penulis Tempo,
adalah sebuah biografi yang mendalam tentang kehidupan Jenderal Soedirman, tokoh besar
dalam sejarah militer Indonesia. Buku ini mengisahkan perjalanan hidup Soedirman dari masa
mudanya, karier militernya, hingga perjuangan gerilya yang dipimpinnya selama masa revolusi
Indonesia melawan Belanda.
Soedirman, yang awalnya adalah seorang guru dan aktivis Hizbul Wathan, berubah menjadi
seorang prajurit yang berani dan cerdas. Buku ini mengungkap bagaimana ia terpilih secara
aklamasi sebagai Panglima Besar Tentara Republik Indonesia pada usia muda dan bagaimana
ia berperan penting dalam meletakkan dasar militer Indonesia. Salah satu momen paling heroik
dalam hidupnya adalah ketika ia memimpin perang gerilya selama delapan bulan meskipun
dalam kondisi sakit parah akibat tuberkulosis, bahkan harus berjuang dengan hanya satu paru-
paru yang berfungsi.
Selain perjuangannya di medan perang, buku ini juga menggali sisi pribadi Soedirman,
termasuk hubungannya dengan tokoh-tokoh lain seperti Sukarno dan Hatta, serta tantangan
pribadi yang ia hadapi, seperti kecanduannya terhadap rokok dan kesehatannya yang semakin
menurun.
Buku ini ditujukan tidak hanya untuk para pemimpin dan aparat pemerintahan yang ingin
mengambil pelajaran dari keteladanan Soedirman, tetapi juga untuk pelajar dan siapa saja yang
ingin memahami lebih dalam tentang kontribusi besar Soedirman terhadap kemerdekaan
Indonesia.

Conclusion :
The book "Soedirman: A Commander, A Martyr" written by the Tempo and KPG Writing
Team, is an in-depth biography about the life of General Soedirman, a major figure in
Indonesian military history. This book tells the story of Soedirman's life journey from his
youth, his military career, to the guerrilla struggle he led during the Indonesian revolution
against the Dutch.

Kesimpulan:
Buku "Soedirman: Seorang Panglima, Seorang Martir" yang ditulis oleh Tim Penulis Tempo
dan KPG, adalah sebuah biografi yang mendalam tentang kehidupan Jenderal Soedirman,
tokoh besar dalam sejarah militer Indonesia. Buku ini mengisahkan perjalanan hidup
Soedirman dari masa mudanya, karier militernya, hingga perjuangan gerilya yang dipimpinnya
selama masa revolusi Indonesia melawan Belanda.