Cut by pield dg cuts amaBure
Ihe plux and mduces motional EMF 0m Jhem
ConducdoT called imduced EMF
and such EMF Ls
path
) = FluX pes poe A = No of parallel
lave dg
A= 2 t
P = No of poles A = P Lap wdg
Z = No DÊ Condudos
N=Speed im RPM
conduco m 4 eYolution = P)
Flux cL by
per veYolution =
Time
=
poN OST
No of Conducdo In Seies
Totcl EMF = PO ZN
Tazye Equction -
Jhe polbeT
Developed Pooer Developed poues tepresensmechamicol
being toangfeved foomo eecscal
to eyedical domain
to mechanical domain .
Developed Potnes = EIa
Taey = Ela PZ
T
25LA
Tey = Km Ia AD
Anatue Reacthen
Aomatuxe eaction pgent ametueflux tohich
Beip
is pndured by matuxe Crent ohich
i3 mpduced due to pied flox
aci¡n amd he Anure
The pield flox act ay
flbx called as eachon
Amalue eachon poduceg Jop deiable eppec
DtOtien of he main field poes plox that 3
densty due to peld get diuortd
he flox field ploxlPer- pole:
O Nel edurlien n he
and Togye dueg) DSADD4ION Of Jhe
(e-mf CommOAOHen.
fied flY inplunteg
bten
Dtaleg.
bNA - biepmeic
Nevtael Oxg
Nevtral axig oepregert
he axs along ohich
E b1NA
if a cou Jeg indoceg
em i zero.
Ihe efpec op aomate
main (loy
’f d-ayy. or en be
is caled Aonao Reacie
|Motey
w Taey.
and Mobr De can ether assUme
In ccse of bnen Dpposte decio
same diecion but
C¯Nerds s0 be the cam aRUme CUms to be i
We direcBen of ttiem
Rame
the oppOSte dcien b
Polotes
4-axL8
--axs.
Tefpfas Sina
Mot Laen
T= Max
Binoeas S bjen Mobo
S1endig
Silling eading
jeading
lending ailing
MNA |Magnelic NevtanlmoAvis)
emf
,MNA ’ Axis aJong chich
bINA Ls genettcd in the
Omatrt conduc o3
parabe)
as they move Tineg
Jo he flux .
byNA is axis peopendicula
fay to field MMF and MNA ig
Om axis pependiculas to
for EUHand mmf.
MNA ’ H 0s an axis
peperdicoat to TEsUIayd
n-mf becase any cou Jying mt.his
axi8 has zesD emf induced n
Amatuse Reacion strengthen he magnec pie
at ne end pole tip cmd weakens the maqneic
pield at oher pole ip.
tp
Tf Stoengthing and weakenimg epect is Sane
egulHard flux densty is constant
Stoengthening efet is aluays Jes han weaenlng
epect due to magnetie satuxatien g0 7eUHant
mate
flUY density Ls reduced and hence
7eacHen reduces mogmeic pield and t i Called
03 demagnetizing erect
Amadure eactien hos strength ining erpecaot the
billing pole tipP in generatos amd leading pole
ip in a motoT
Amature eachion has oeakining erecd at the
Jeading pole ipD generatoa and toling
pole ip ma motor
At no ApadmatUse eUment and amatune mmf
80 e3UlAONd mmp 8 fied mmf hene
LNA & MNA Co- ingide.
Unde Ioaded condtion amotue cUeyt fiows
in the M/e due to ohich MNA hipts fom
bNA he dieCHon of genevato 30atiem
and opposte to he dnecien of motoD Dtation:
Draphica) Represendctien Amature ReacHten
MNA
Bas
Shaded Potlovs 9-axig.
Redochlbn n plox
densuy dueJo
Stnation.
bNA
LNA
Ba Shtle
\haped
Undes ench ple ait- 9ap is Jess 80
Jhe are pom of flox dealty qio gap
Simuay t mmf but A4 aftes the poleg makeg he
B due! whiCh
Buddendy jmfay
RhapeD B s ade 3hape
Held pluX denty is maximum at d-axig and zeo
4-axig andat
at 4-axis , Amadure Mmf ig max
Zevo ct d-axig.
Amctuse mmf s i7iangular in Bhape oth maximom
Zeo Valve at d- oxig -
Value at -axis and
field 0r m mf en uoD 8ides op d-avis
The magnetic dncchienm 80 Dpppsite sign.
boll have opposite
Q What ane Jhe deterimertal erpec of Amatuc
Reocion ?
Due Jo mcaease im peak Valve of piux dersty
loss mereaseg.
2
Brushes e shouon along 4- axi3 but hey aethe
actualy at d- axs because they shot kt
cou ie along 4- axis
WUhout aynalure eacon plux dersuy is zexo at
4-axLs there is 0 motional EMF im col
and commutaion gmooth :
DUe do amadue eoion flox dersty mot zeYo
Lohich Cause n EMF to lbe nduced
jn he cou Unde-gong eomm uBctie Which Ca
Shet
Crcoing 4here by
Spatking al CommutOdeD
DUe to heavy disio 9n n plur density gDme cos
have lasge EMF indured Lohue ethes col have
lesg EMF: I the EMF m cou L8 lavge then
VDH Oge bettween ad4acen Commutate segment also
ncreage3 and 81nce mica CaY mot toleate vol\age.
beyond 30- 40 V The Insulat iemn may damoge
lending to spaking at commUtadoy 307ace .
Aomoture eaction is sightly de-mogmet\zing s0 t
educes the vEU|HOnt fux den3 Uhy and tn ovdes to
Compengate educon flux dengty Ahe field
onding tums meed do be imCTeased ohich Jeadg
addiutonal cost
Methods to Reduce AmaBUe RencHom
High neluctance pole tip
he ammatue lOx Ls dirccHly added and
8ubBaached foom field puY at the poe tip Rgdn
moSt dommayd at tthe pole tip
Increoe the kpole ip
Ond hence if ge COn
amatNC aGten
then he amod oe flUX
COn be duced.
of Bhamed pole oe can mocase
By the U3e the pole edges due to which
Jhe ais gapat ad the pole edges and
oeludame Imcreases
amctuNC flox edures.
pleld pole amination ae altenaely
he gap mdoduced n he pah
piaced hen alo beçause compieles U
poleand hence
Close doop hOUgh Jhe field e1ucdnce
hue to
noeases
3) Reducion in omatne fux ai gap is
By punching hoes e the pield poleg
amatue plux duc
inoduced nhe pah op elcance
o uhich mone
Qmatuc flux and amncture flx
Orrered
Slong main pield qlux- By Increosing fleld
flux 4he elative
eDction is educed
aoUnd iNA bu4 EME in he cou
5) Brush placed zeo, which le0dg to
along
EMF n Jhe along MNA LS zeD 80
bushes Should MNA to mpove
COMmuBation .
Mot
bNA
brer
MNA
MNA
DO
Brushes elther Upply CUTeYt thoough he M/e
ab3enb foom the Me so the
CUNert Im oocous ether Side op he brush
opposue dizccion She polaty
Dp EMF decided bn he basis Df
I n odes toAmat
findue MMF 0e must
CUmen jnstead 0f voltage
mduced amatuc.
Due tb change m CUNEnt Boiend atien by
dsplacement 0f bmusheg amaBue 7cachlo also
Shipts and Jhe along he aydbrushes ohich again
changes hence aga
8hip8 MNA.
UiNA MNAL
AaMNA Bushes con neves
lle bn MNA S0
Lohich-eves col
gets sh¡rt ckied
has mon-zero Voltoge
Induced oUlim
Which
t
Cause
spaking
demogreaing Easlier Amatuse eacHen
tod CTOSS - magnetsng
but aptes bmush ghift
80ne paots ap0matue
CrOSS
Magnekiatng
AME
Dheo pat is
magneuing ohue the
demaqnetising
De-magmetising
CrDS magneising
Fy
Demagnettzing AT per pole 9 is elecaica)
4D 2b
360' S80A mqle.
Total AmaBuc
MMF
CAoSS- Manetzing A-T per pole
Feoss= 360- 4D
36D (+)480
Tp we Shigt Jhe baushes by an ongle
Comatusc
7eaciom cHiom s divided in demognehzing
Cnd CDSS- magmetizing MME
mmp
de magnizing MMF is zexD and ente
CD`S- mag meizing
Bushes Shipted In the direction of genetes
DAaen and opposite the disecHien op
D4atien moBs
Ip bmushes ane shipted
bpposte tb genexteT
E Fa and m he game
diediem as motor
Daien then a part
Faq
MDO 18 magne izing and
Dher pat 8 CoDSS
maqnetizng
Limitaions Bovgh hipt
Even ip he bush shifted t MNA Shift puthes
bu4 the ghir4 les
CCtch MNA
ArmaBuve MMF dependg e amatuTe CUend s0 the
MNA i8 a fuNCHen 0 amatc
Shiping and hence the 1oad 80 the bush ghipt
CUTent
has t be change as lbad chages
Iderpoles and Compersat ing olnd ing weTe
When
mot Used bmsh Ship Loas employ ed
In Small DC MC bsh shipting eon be use
LOmmtaton pcesg -
CUNet
Comnutadion ’ he poocc,
foom
hevice (n
Condext op DC M/c ommulain Implieg he
Im a COU a Whene
CoU he buyh C¯SSen
N parallel path A
Cumend in each cou Ia. = Le
A
During Conmb4adion cumend in cou charges
to
2 1 2
|Assuning Aonmatu 03
Station ay oe Can a330mel
Brishes b be Dtating
Oppesk
Aamahuc
24-4
1
3 2 3 2
Duang the ende
CommUBathon
buh
taoug the
neve chang
3 2 1
( Commota ion peaio = Brush wldth
Comm uttug Sped
CommUtation peaiod is the me reqDled fo brrsh b Poe LrOm
ne commAaBo 8eQ meyd to oHhes hme allbLoed fo CðTen CVesa
TcommT (bnder commutaliory)
Teomm (Over commutadion)
Te 4he ime gequhtd to
othe
noe to
Teomm Ls Athe 4fme equired by
to 7evese
The co)by ndgolyg,commuiaton u 8hot
CKted bhush The
the problem, in
Commutatlev that Yo1
bndegol3 commtaliem
high core is odored
Resistance Commtodion
1) In,oxdeso Ipbove CommuBation oe
heed Ao npmye Ahe ciocoh Cvorent
poduced CommuBafion due emf
ndoced h Cou, by
CUYTON jneoenamd,e
path 30
he
higu Carbom bhes hg tead
voltoge Cosbon
loo BAesohich duceg
ConmAa
Resutenec Comnotation, i3 employed n fradiona
KUo-oa De M/e becaur by nciasn)
bash rejtanee Ahe eiciency ßc the Mc
decoeae .
to aUmeCum a
the Aeated
and doesn! appen n
hont
equlvalen CK4
Rc
V21-I
1
J,h- (T.-I) Re -21. - I,), =0
1, 3+Re + ta) = I (Re +271)
I. (R +27:)
(o+, + Re)
I, = I, - I, =
231
201 Re
|1+
EX
La = 201 2A
2
Brush moves fom 1 to
CoYtac avea A4 |iaf jded
Contact area A ^ Commutcto
LConsideing
2/As Re
I, = I1
2A2
Tcopnm 51
Delnyed Comnotnion -
Dootng commotaion CoU CUmenveosa
Chavges
Te to -Ie Viee
the Inducdomce 4he cou con no bng
he igmoyed and Ahe, cou inducance ppeses
Hhe change reactance
by ndvnnu
volteg
colld
delay3 4he Commotation
emt
Deacance VotHoge (e) La
dt
CUSreYt not eyesed by the me
acOS qu4enlyJendin
the cuSSe nt 7eyetse
Voltage the
high votle bf tuee Commulat 3eg ment Cn damoge mica
cauthng påking
Ingulaon:
To qojd deayed Commutatlon lwe et
Compengne
Te
We- ComMutats odh.
We Sped (u o/sec.
Combo
