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Jaghori Brilliant Star Educational Center

English For Academic Purposes

 Subject: Subject is the doer of an action.

.‫ انجام دهنده یک عمل را فاعل گویند‬:‫فاعل‬ 
o For Example:
 Ahmad studies English.
.‫احمد انگلیسی می آموزد‬ 
.‫ که انجام دهنده عمل( انگلیسی خواندن ) می باشد‬.‫ فاعل است‬Ahmad ‫در این مثال‬ o
 Zahra is playing game.
.‫فاعل یا انجام دهنده عمل است‬Zahra ‫در این مثال‬ o
o More examples:
 She is dancing.
 Ali is swimming.
 Mahdi is sleeping.
 Bashir is drinking ……………………….. .
 Nadia is walking in the ……………………
 Masihullah ……………………………………………………………………….
 …………………………………………………………………………………………
 …………………………………………………………………………………………
 Subject: Subject is the person or thing we talk about.
.‫ عبارت از شخصی یا چیزی می باشد که ما در مورد آن حرف می زنیم‬:‫فاعل‬ 
o For example: ‫به عنوان مثال‬
 Fatima is a beautiful girl.
‫فاطمه یک دختر زیبا است‬ 
‫ و‬.‫ و ما فقط در مورد زیبایی فاطمه حرف می زنیم‬,‫در این مثال فاطمه انجام دهنده عمل نیست‬ 
.‫طبق تعریف باال فاطمه فاعل می باشد‬

 Mohammad Hussain is a smart student.

.‫محمد حسین یک شاگرد باهوش است‬ 
o More examples:
 Ali Yawar is from Afghanistan.
 Rahmatullah is a handsome boy
 They are my classmates in Kayan High School.
 She is from ………………………………………………….
 We are ………………………………………………………..
 Nicole is ……………………………………………………..
 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 Object: Object is the receiver of an action.
.‫ گیرنده یک عمل را مفعول گویند‬:‫مفعول‬ 
o For example: ‫به عنوان مثال‬
 Zia is writing his homework.
.‫ضیا کارخانگی خود را می نویسد‬ 
.‫ چون عمل نوشتن را دریافت می کند‬.‫در این مثال ضیا فاعل بوده و کار خانگی مفعول می باشد‬ 
 Rahmatullah is hitting the cat.
.‫رحمت هللا پشگ را میزند‬ 

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Jaghori Brilliant Star Educational Center
English For Academic Purposes

 Mobin always rides the bicycle in front of the mosque.

 We eat ………………………………. every morning.
 The boys are playing …………………………………. Everyday.
 She drinks three bottles of ………………………………………………
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
 …………………………………………………………………………………………………..
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………….

 Verb: Verb is a word which shows an action.

.‫ فعل کلمه ای است که یک عمل را نشان میدهد‬:‫فعل‬ 
o For example:
 Ahmad speaks English in the class. (( action = ‫)) عمل‬
.‫احمد در صنف انگلیسی صحبت می کند‬ 
.‫” فعل است که عمل احمد را نشان میدهد‬speak“ ‫در این مثال‬ 

 Gul begum is a beautiful girl. (( state = ‫)) حالت‬

.‫گل بیگم یک دختر زیبا است‬ 
.‫”فعل می باشد که حالت گل بیگم را نشان میدهد‬is“ ‫در جمله فوق‬ 
 More examples:
 They are playing football in the park.
 She is a teacher in school.
 Ali comes to class every day.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

 Noun: Noun is a word which we name a person, a place or a thing.

.‫ یک جای و یا یک شی را می نامیم‬,‫ عبارت از کلمه ای می باشد که توسط آن یک شخص‬:‫اسم‬ 
o For Example:
 Person: Ali, Ahmad, Mahdi, Arezo, boy, girl, teacher …………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 Place: Afghanistan, America, Jaghuri, library, mosque, school………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
 Thing: pen, book, marker, computer, phone ……………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

 Pronoun: Pronoun is a word which is used instead of a noun and avoid its repetition.
.‫ ضمیر عبارت از کلمه ای است که به جای اسم استعمال شده و از تکرار آن جلوگیری می کند‬:‫ضمیر‬ 
o For Example:
 Mohammad is a smart student. He is my friend.
.‫ او رفیق من می باشد‬.‫محمد یک شاگرد باهوش است‬ 
‫ و از تکرار اسم( محمد) در جمله‬.‫ یعنی او ) ضمیر بوده که بجای محمد به کار رفته است‬He ( ‫در جمله فوق‬ o
.‫دوم جلوگیری نموده است‬

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Jaghori Brilliant Star Educational Center
English For Academic Purposes

o More Examples:
 Zahra is from kosha; she is in let’s go 3 class.
 This is a green marker; it works very well.
 My name is Jawed; I go to……………………………………………………………………………
 Ali and Mahdi are nice students; they……………………………………………………………
 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

 Adjective: Adjective is a word which modifies a noun.

‫ و یا صفت کلمه ای است که حالت و چگونگی اسم را نشان‬.‫ صفت کلمه ای است که یک اسم را توصیف می کند‬:‫صفت‬ 
.‫میدهد‬
o For Example:
 Shukrullah is a good student.
.‫شکرهللا یک شاگرد خوب است‬ 
.‫ یعنی خوب) صفت که حالت و چگونگی شکرهللا را نشان می دهد‬good( ‫در مثال باال‬ o
 Sohaila is pretty girl.
 Rahmatullah is a tall boy.
 This is a beautiful English class.
 …………………………………………………………………………………………………
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………..
 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
 …………………………………………………………………………………………………….

 Practice part: find out subject, object, verb, noun, adjective and pronoun
in the following sentences.
o They are my classmates at school.
o Ali is a smart student, but he always punishes his goat.
o She is from America, but she speaks Dari very will.
o He is a handsome boy.
o They are lazy students.
o He is my partner at work, and always uses a computer.
o Najeb is a tall boy.

 Write down your own examples for the grammars you have studied before.
o ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
o ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
o ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
o ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
o ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….....
o …………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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Jaghori Brilliant Star Educational Center
English For Academic Purposes

 Conversational sentences:
What / ‫چه‬ what time / ‫چه وقت‬
1. What day is today? Today is Saturday.
2. What day was yesterday? Yesterday was Friday.
3. What day is tomorrow? Tomorrow is Sunday.
4. What month is this? This month is June.
5. What time do you get up every day? I usually get up at 6 o'clock.
6. What do you do after you get up? I wash my face, and have breakfast.
7. What do you usually have for breakfast? I have tea, bread, cereal and coffee for
breakfast.
8. What time do you leave the house? I leave the house at 7:30 every morning.
9. What time do you go to school? I go to school at 8:00 every morning.
10. What time does your school finish? My school finishes at 12:00 every day.
11. What time do you eat lunch? I eat lunch at 1:00 o'clock.
12. What do you do in the afternoon? I go to English course and then do my
homework.
13. What time do you eat dinner? I eat dinner at about 8:30 every night.
14. What time do you go to bed? I usually go to bed at 10 o'clock.

Can / ‫توانستن‬
1. Can you speak English? yes, I can speak English.
2. Can you speak Pashto? No, I can't speak Pashto.
3. Can you solve your problems in English? Sure, I can.
4. Can you introduce yourself to me? Yes, why not.
5. Can you give me a class of water? Sure, just a minute.
6. Can you ride a horse? No, I can't it is hard.
7. Can you help me on my homework? Yes, l like homework.
8. Can you come to the party tomorrow night? Sorry, I can't I should complete my project.
9. Can I can stay in your home for a month? No, you can't my father is bad-tempered.
10. Can I have your phone number? Sure, it's 2253-677- 333.
11. Can we play football tonight? Yes, I am free.