A P P E N D I X

CASIO Classpad 300 Calculator

Using technology to find lengths, areas and volumes
Graphics and CAS calculator programs can be useful tools when finding various lengths, areas and volumes for two- and three-dimensional objects. This is particularly true when repetitive number evaluation is involved. Example: Write and execute a program that finds: a the circumference and area of a circle b the volume of a cone correct to two decimal places
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Classpad 300 easily supports defining functions. For example, defining the function C as shown allows the circumference of any circle to be calculated by simply typing the radius into the function argument.

Alternatively, select Interactive and Define and fill in the name, variables and expression. Once defined, use the function notation to evaluate for different values of r.

Appendix CASIO Classpad 300

Using technology to solve equations

Graphics calculators can solve equations numerically with a good degree of accuracy while a CAS calculator can solve many equations exactly. Example: Use technology to solve these equations and inequations 7x 1 x 1 2 2(1 x) a b c 2 3 3
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3x

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From the Main applications a Type in equation to be solved and highlight it, then from the menu bar, select Interactive, then Advanced, then Solve. It assumes x is the unknown variable. Press OK. Alternatively, you could type Solve( then enter the 7x 1 b 2 followed by the, x and press equation a 3 EXE. The solution is x b 1.

Either repeat steps for part a, or modify the previous equation and press EXE.

Solve inequations in the same manner as equations by replacing the sign with the appropriate inequality.

Essential Mathematics VELS Edition Year 10

Using technology to solve simultaneous equations

Sketching graphs using technology can help to obtain a high level of accuracy and to solve problems graphically. Example: For the linear relations y 1 3x and 4x 2y 5: a sketch their graph on the same set of axes b find the x and y intercepts c find their intersection point d find the solution to the pair of simultaneous equations using CAS
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All equations must be arranged in the format of y to be graphed. Type in the equation to be rearranged, highlight and select Solve from the menu. Make y the variable.

Select the Graphs and Tables application from the Menu screen. Select the working line of y1 (or any empty line) and enter each of the equations (remember that the equations can be copied from the main menu screen). Press EXE to complete the input. The two functions will now have a tick in front of them. To draw the graph, press the .

From the menu bar, press Analysis then G-Solve then Intersect.

Appendix CASIO Classpad 300

Using the 2D template for simultaneous equations, type in the equations and the variables. Note: To solve for more than 2 equations, repeatedly press the template to add equations.

Alternatively, use the solve function and following syntax: From the Main page choose Solve (from Action > Advanced > Solve, or just type it); enter the equations within a set of curly brackets, then a , followed by the unknowns defined in a set of curly brackets. Press EXE. e.g. Solve({y = 1 3x, 4x 2y = 5},{x, y}

Solution is: x = 1.5 and y = 5.5

Using technology to sketch inequations

A graphics or CAS calculator allows us to quickly sketch half planes and intersecting regions of two inequations. Example: Use technology to sketch the intersecting region of the two half planes 3x 2y 8 and 2x 5y 1.
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All equations must be arranged in the format where y is the subject. Type in the equation to be rearranged, highlight and select Solve from the menu. Make y the variable.

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Select the working line of y1 (or any empty line) and enter the equation. To change the type of graph to an inequality, click on the and then select the appropriate format. Press EXE to complete the input. The function will now have a tick in front of it.

Using technology to handle function notation

Both graphics and CAS calculators can handle function notation to varying degrees. Example: Use technology to: a define f (x) 2x 1 b find f ( 2) c find 5x: f (x) 36

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Define function as shown Use normal function notation to evaluate for different values of x and the Solve( command to solve equations involving f (x).

Using technology to determine unknown values

You can use your graphics or CAS calculator table to determine the unknown value from a table of values. Example: Determine the unknown value in the following to two decimal places from a table of values. a b 4 3.7x f (x) 4.22.31

Appendix CASIO Classpad 300

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Go to the Statistics application, use the sequence formula seq(x,x,2.3,2.4,0.01) to generate list.

Define List 2 using the formula 4.2^list1

A sequence starting at 1 and ending at 4, going up by increments of 0.01, can defined using the formula seq(x,x,1,4,0.01).

Define List 2 using the formula 3.7^list1

Using technology to display data

This table contains the details of the number and colour of T-shirts sold in a normal trading week by a small clothing retailer. Construct a frequency table.
T-shirt colour Frequency

red blue yellow green other

11 16 4 13 6

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In the spreadsheet application, enter the data into columns A and B.

Insert formula into first cell in column C. Highlight remainder of cells in Column C, and select Edit, Fill Range to copy down formula. Follow the same steps to fill in Column D.

Using technology to display data

Twenty-five marathon runners complete a 42 km race with finishing times as follows:
Time interval 120 Number of runners 1

130 3

140 4

150 8

160 170180 7 2

Complete a table for the given data to show cumulative frequency, relative frequency and percentage cumulative frequency.
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Create a new list in the Spreadsheet application. Enter the data into the first two columns. For cumulative frequency, enter 1 into cell C1; enter b2 c1 into c2. Click on the bottom right hand corner of cell c2 and drag down to fill the other entries. For the relative frequency, enter c1/c$6 into cell d1. (Note the $ sign indicates that the reference to cell C6 is absolute rather than relative, and remains unchanged when filling down.) Then fill down again to populate the remaining cells. Finally, define percentage relative cumulative frequency by entering 100*d1 and filling down column d.
Appendix CASIO Classpad 300

Using technology to find summaries and produce box plots

The statistical summaries can be found via a graphics or CAS calculator, taking care of much of the tedious number work otherwise required. Likewise, a box plot can be produced. Example: Consider this data: 6 7 8 0 1 6 9 5 5 5 3 a Use a graphics of CAS calculator to find: i x (the mean) ii MinX iii Q1 iv
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the median

MaxX

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Enter the data into List1 in the Statistics application.

Select Calc, then one variable and then complete the menu choices for X-list and frequency. A statistical summary will be displayed.

The Classpad can do Boxplots. From the Statistics application, go to Setgraph, change type to MedBox (Modified Boxplot), confirm the other variables and click set.

To display the graph select the

icon.

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Using technology to generate a scatter plot

A scatter plot can be generated quite easily on a graphics or CAS calculator by first entering the data into the lists.
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Enter the data provided into the two lists in the Statistics application.

Go to Setgraph, then settings and complete the option menu for variables.

To display the graph select the

icon.

Using technology to find the least squares regression line

While not being able to find the two mean regression line, the graphics or CAS calculator can find a regression line via two popular methods: Median/Median and Least squares. On the graphics or CAS calculator we shall use the method of least squares to find the line of regression. This looks at the squares of the difference between the line and the points. Using technology to determine the least squares regression line involves: entering the data into lists drawing a scatter plot

Appendix CASIO Classpad 300

determining the least squares regression line drawing the line on the scatter plot using the table of values to determine the value of one variable given the other.

Example: Consider the following data and use a graphics calculator to help answer the questions below.
x y

1 1.8

2 2

2 1.5

4 1.6

5 1.7

5 1.3

6 0.8

7 1.1

9 0.8

11 0.7

a b c d

Construct a scatter plot for the data. Find the equation of the least squares regression line. Sketch the graph of the regression line on the scatter plot Estimate the value of y when x is: i 4.5 ii 15
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Enter the data into two columns in the Statistics application. To draw a scatter plot, go to Setgraph and set the variables. To display the graph select the icon.

b & c To find the equation of the least squares regression, go to Calculate and Linear Reg. Note that if you copy formula to y1, it will define it for use within the other applications. Select ok to display regression results and then ok again and the regression line will now appear on the scatter plot.

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Essential Mathematics VELS Edition Year 10

Solve for y given x can be completed in the Main application, remember to use y from keyboard and not variable y from the hard keyboard.

Using technology to expand and factorise algebraic expressions

CAS calculator have the ability to expand and factorise algebraic expressions. Example: a Expand (2x 5)(7 4x) b Factorise 2x 2 14x 20

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Select the Main application icon. Type in the expression to be expanded, highlight expression and then from the menu bar select Interactive, then Transformation and then Expand then OK.

Alternatively, you could just type expand( followed by the expression and press EXE.

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In the menu screen, select the Main icon. Then type in the expression to be factorised, highlight expression and then from the menu bar select Interactive, then Transformation and then Expand then OK.

Alternatively, you could just type factor( followed by the expression and press EXE.

Using technology to plot quadratic graphs

Example: Plot the graph of y x2 technology, and determine: a the turning point and its nature c the x intercepts
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4x

1 over the domain b d

6 using

the axis of symmetry the y intercept

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a & b Select the Graphs & Tables icon from the Menu screen. Select the working line of y1 (or any empty line) and enter the equation. Press EXE to complete the input. The function will now have a tick in front of it. To draw the graph, press the .

Press the icon on the toolbar, then enter the domain and step values.

Press the icon on the toolbar. This generates a Summary table. You can then determine the nature and co-ordinates of the turning points by the signs either side of turning point. Once you have the x co-ordinate of the turning point you can solve the axis of symmetry.

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Essential Mathematics VELS Edition Year 10

When the graph window is active, press Analysis in the menu bar, then G-Solve then Root to find the x intercept/s

When the graph window is active, press Analysis in the menu bar, then G-Solve then y-intercept to find the y intercept/s.

Using the main application, defined graphs can be analysed. The functioned can be defined as y1(x)

Using technology to test for the type of variation

Testing to see what type of variation exists between two variables can be quickly achieved using technology. Example: Determine the relationship between x and y for this table of values by first establishing the type of variation.
x y

0 0

1 0.25

2 1

3 2.25

4 4
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Enter the data in the statistics application.

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Click Setgraph, then settings to define the variables and then plot by pressing

The plot looks quadratic. Return to list in the Stats application and define List3 as list1^2

On the scatter plot, redefine x as list3 and observe the now linear relationship between list3 and list2. This is easily identified by tracing or by inspection of the lists as a factor of 4. Hence, y r x2 y kx2 4 k 16 1 k 4 1 2 y x 4 This can be finally tested by multiplying list2 by 4 in column d and observing that these values match those of list3.

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Essential Mathematics VELS Edition Year 10

Using technology for mathematical modelling

Mathematical modelling involves plotting data and describing the relationship between variables with the use of graphs and by finding rules. In the case shown on the right, the information seems to follow a linear trend and we can draw in a line of good fit by eye. However, a regression line determined via the use of technology is a far more efficient and accurate means of finding a line of good fit. Example: Use technology to find whether a linear, quadratic or exponential model is the most suitable for the data supplied.
x y

5 24

6 25

7 27

8 28

9 31

10 34

11 38
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In the Statistics application, enter the data

Click set graph, then settings to define the variables and then plot by pressing

Within the Statistics application, select Calculate and then select the type of regression you would like to test. Define the variables to use in the Set Calculation list.

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Comparing the R 2 shows that the quadratic regression is the highest and hence this provides the best model.

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Essential Mathematics VELS Edition Year 10