MANILA: Room 206, JPD Building, CM Recto Avenue, Manila
CEBU: 4/F J. Martinez Bldg., Osmeña Blvd., Cebu City
Telephone Number: (02) 516 7559 (Manila) E-Mail: buksmarquez1 @yahoo.com
(032) 254-6697 (Cebu)
Review MODULE – HYDRAULICS 2
16.01 HYDROSTATIC FORCES 16.02 ANALYSIS OF DAM STABILITY
1. The gate in the figure is 1.5 m wide, is hinged at point A, and -Factor of Safety against sliding, FSS
rests against a smooth wall at point B. Neglecting the weight of 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑠 (𝐹𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝑒𝑡𝑐. )
𝐹𝑆𝑆 =
the gate, compute 𝑆𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑠
-Factor of Safety against overturning, FSO
a) the total force on the gate due to seawater pressure, 𝑅𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡, 𝑅𝑀
b) the reaction at B, and 𝐹𝑆𝑂 =
𝑂𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡, 𝑂𝑀
c) the reaction at hinge A. -Distance from Ry to the Toe
RM − OM
𝑥=
Ry
-Maximum and Minimum Base Pressure, qmax/min
𝐵 𝐵
𝑒= − 𝑥 = |𝑥 − |
2 2
•When e≤ B/6, (Trapezoidal to Triangular shape of base pressure)
𝑅𝑦 6𝑒
𝒒𝒎𝒂𝒙/𝒎𝒊𝒏 = − [1 ± ]
𝐵 B
•When e>B/6, (tension part ignored)
2R y
𝒒𝑇 =
3𝑥̅
1. A concrete dam retaining water is shown in the figure. If the specific
weight of concrete is 23.5 kN/m³. Assume hydrostatic uplift varies
uniformly from full hydrostatic pressure at the heel of the dam to zero at
the toe and that the coefficient of friction between the dam and the
foundation is 0.45.
a. Find the factor of safety against sliding.
b. The factor of safety against overturning.
c. The pressure intensity at the heel.
2. A cylindrical tank with its axis vertical is 1meter in diameter and
d. The pressure intensity at the toe.
3.6m high. It is held together by two steel hoops, one at the top
and the other at the bottom. Three liquids A, B, and C having
specific gravities of 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, respectively fill this tank, each
having a depth of 1.2m. On the surface of A there is
atmospheric pressure. Find the tensile stress in each hoop if
each has a cross-sectional area of 1250mm^2.
3. The submerged curve AB is one quarter of a circle of radius 2m
and is located on the lower corner of a tank as shown. The
length of the tank perpendicular to the sketch is 4m. Find the
magnitude and location of the horizontal and vertical
components of the total force acting on AB.
MANILA: Room 206, JPD Building, CM Recto Avenue, Manila
CEBU: 4/F J. Martinez Bldg., Osmeña Blvd., Cebu City
Telephone Number: (02) 516 7559 (Manila) E-Mail: buksmarquez1 @yahoo.com
(032) 254-6697 (Cebu)
16.03 BUOYANCY 16.04 STABILITY OF FLOATING BODIES
In science, buoyancy (also known as upthrust) is an upward force
exerted by a fluid that opposes the weight of an immersed object.
ARCHIMEDES’ PRINCIPLE
Archimedes' principle indicates that the upward buoyant force that is
exerted on a body immersed in a fluid, whether fully or partially
submerged, is equal to the weight of the fluid that the body displaces.
1. A cube of timber 1.25 ft on each side floats in water, not fully
submerged. The specific gravity of the timber is 0.60. Find the
submerged depth of the cube.
2. A concrete cube 10.0 in on each side is to be held in equilibrium under
water by attaching a lightweight foam buoy to it. Consider both to be fully
submerged. (In theory, the attached foam buoy and concrete cube will 𝐼
neither rise nor sink.) If the specific weight of the concrete and foam are 𝑀𝐵𝑜 =
𝑉𝐷𝐹 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
150 lb/ft3 and 5 lb/ft3, respectively, what minimum volume of foam is
required? 𝐵2 tan2 𝜃
𝑀𝐵𝑜 = (1 + )
12𝐷 2
3. A board weighing 2.2 lb/ft and of cross-sectional area 8 in2 dips into oil
Where:
(specific weight 53 lb/ft3) as shown. If the hinge is frictionless, find θ.
M = Metacenter
G = Center of Gravity
Bo = Center of Buoyancy
VDF = Volume of Displaced Fluid
MBo = Distance from the Metacenter to the Center of Buoyancy
MG = Metacentric Height
D = Depth of draft
B = Length of base (rectangular)
Θ = Angle of tilt
SITUATION. A rectangular barge has a draft of 6 m when fully loaded
and floating in an upright position. The barge is 25 m wide and 42 m long
with a height of 10 m. The center of gravity of the barge is 1 m above the
water surface if the barge is stable.
a. Determine the distance of the metacenter above the center of
buoyancy.
b. Determine the metacentric height.
c. What is the righting moment in water when the angle of heel is
12°?
