*SALT*

Definition:
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Based on your definition above give an example of salts that derives from following acids
Acids
Salts
Acids
Salts
Sulphuric acid

Hydrochloric acid

nitric acid

Ethanoic acid

Carbonic acid

Phosphorus acid

Important Skills
Indentify the solubility of salt
Soluble salt:
1. All ..........................................................................................
2. All ..........................................................................................
3. All ..........................................................................................
4. All ..........................................................................................
5. All ...........................................but .........................................
6. All ............................................but ........................................
Insoluble salt
1. all .................................................. but ..............................................
2. All .................................................. but ..............................................
exercise
Salt
Cu(NO3)2
MgCl2
ZnCO3
PbSO4
CuCl2
ZnSO4
AgCl

Solubility

Salt
Na2CO3
(NH4)2SO4
CaSO4
AgNO3
BaCl2
BaSO4
(NH4)2CO3

Solubility

Salt
AlCl3
Na2SO4
Pb(NO3)2
CaCO3
CaO
ZnSO4
MnCl2

Solubility

Preparation of Salt
Soluble salt
Step 1: from the given salt identify
a. Acid (source of anion)
b. Metal ion (Source of cation)
If cation is Na, K and NH4 the use titration method
Otherwise use the reaction of
acid + ..........................................................
acid + ..........................................................

example the preparation of ZnCl2

Posible reaction : 1. ..................................................................................................................................
2. ..................................................................................................................................
Method/procedure
1. Reaction of acids to get salt solution

Prepare of salt solution

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To separate excess reactant from

salt solution
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To prepare concentrated salt

solution.
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Keywords: heated,

Keyword: stir, excess

Keyword: filter funnel

Crystalisation of salt
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To separate crystal of salt from

solution
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To dried the obtained salt

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Keyword: cooled

Keyword: filter funnel

Keyword: pressing,filter paper

Based on the given example explain how to prepared salt of magnesium sulphate
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Preparation of Insolube salt...(double decomposition) (matching games... lets having fun....?!)

Method - double decomposition
-this method does not involve any acids.
Eg: Preparation of Salt of Lead(II)sulphate

Lead(II) sulphate
cation
anion

Step 1: Indentify cation

and anion of salt

Step 2: Choose solution which contains

cations pair it with nitrate
st

Name of 1 solution:............................

Step 4: React both solution together.. to get the desired salt.

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Step 3: Choose solution which contains

anion pair it with sodium or potassium
or ammonium
nd

Name of 2 solution:............................

Step 5: To separate crystal of salt from

solution
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Keyword: filter funnel

To dried the obtained salt

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Keyword: pressing,filter paper

Based on the given example explain how to prepared salt of Silver Chloride (AgCl)
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Qualitative analysis of Salt

- to identify the identity of ions through chemical properties.
Salt consist
cation
anion
How to.......
1. Based on their special characteristic such as color and smell
2. Based on the chemical characteristic.
To identify cation. (Ca
1.

2+,

2+

3+

2+

2+

2+

2+

3+

Mg , Al , Pb , Zn ,Cu ,Fe , Fe )

Based on the special characteristic....

Color...
2+
Cu
Blue
2+
Fe
Green
3+
Fe
brown
Color when hot and cool
Ion
hot
2+
Pb
brown
2+
Zn
yellow

cool
Yellow
white

Special colour compound PbI yellow

2. Using reagent ... characteristic to be observe.... colour of precipitation + solubility in excess
NaOH, Sodium hydroxide
Ions
Colour of precipitation
Solubility in excess
2+
Cu
Blue
2+
Fe
Green
3+
Fe
Brown
2+
Ca
white
Not
2+
Mg
white
Not
3+
Al
white
Yes
2+
Pb
white
Yes
2+
Zn
white
yes
2+,

2+

3+

2+

2+

Acronim for white precipitation: CaM Anak Lelaki Pak Zin (Ca Mg , Al , Pb , Zn )
Underline 3 ions from the right. To mark ions that soluble in excess reagent)

NH3, Ammonia
Ions
2+
Cu
2+
Fe
3+
Fe
2+
Ca
2+
Mg
3+
Al
2+
Pb
2+
Zn

Colour of precipitation
Blue
Green
Brown
No precipitation
white
white
white
white
2+,

Solubility in excess

Not
Not
Not
yes
2+

3+

2+

2+

Acronim for white precipitation: CaM Anak Lelaki Pak Zin (Ca Mg , Al , Pb , Zn )
Underline the right ion(the only precipate that soluble in excess reactant) and cross the first
ions (the only ions that not form precipitate)

Example of questions

2-

2-

To identify the anions [CO3 , SO4 , Cl , NO3 ] ( remember the premium acid)
1.

2-

Decomposition when heated only for CO3 and NO3

ion
Observation
2CO3
-colourless gas, turn lime water to
chalky/cloudy
NO3
-brown gas, rekindle the glowing
splinter

Chemical equation

2. Reaction with acid

ion
Observation
Chemical equation
2CO3
-Effervescence of colourless gas, turn
lime water to chalky/cloudy
2SO4 , Cl
No reaction
and NO3
2(this step will determine the presence of CO3 ion)
2-

3. To determine the present of SO4 and Cl (key - insoluble salt)

22+
2+
2+
Insoluble salt of SO4
Pb , Ba and Ca
2+
+
2+
Insoluble salt of Cl
Pb , Hg and Ag
So.. any .......... and ........... solution can be use to determine the presence of ............... and ................. ion
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4. To comfirm the presence of NO3 ion brown ring test

Test power....

Figure below shows a flowchart summarising the series of reaction of compound T

Heated up

Solid T
+ dilute nitric acid

Solid U

Gas V

Solid Y

Gas V

Heated up

+ dilute hydrochloric acid

Solution W
Solid U
+ ammonia solution

Gas
Y

White precipate soluble

in excess ammonia
solution
Solid U is yellow when hot and white in colour when cooled.
a) What is solid U
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b) Name the cation and anion in solid T
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c) i) Name gas V
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ii) What is observed when gas V is flowed through lime water?
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iii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between gas V and lime water
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d) Write the chemical equation to represent the reaction that take place when solid T is heated.
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e) i) Name solution Y
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ii) Describe briefly a chemical test to identify the anion in solution Y
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f) Name the type of reaction which occurs when solid U reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to form
solution W.
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g) i) What are gas Y and gas Z
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ii) Write the chemical equation for the effect of heat on solution Y
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Figure below shows the summarises the series of reaction that involves lead compound.

Gas
Z

Heated up
Lead(II)nitrate

+ dilute hydrochloric acid

White precipitate M

Solid J

Mixture of gases K and L

+ dilute nitric acid

Solution N

a)

What is solid J?
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b) What is the colour of solid J when hot and cooled?
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c) Write the chemical equation to represent the effect of heat on lead(II)nitrate to form solid J and a
mixture of gas K and N.
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d) i) Name precipitate M
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ii) Write the ionic equation to show the formation of precipitate M
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e) Sodium hydroxide is added drop by drop into solution N until there is no more change. What ca be
observed?
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f) How can you obtain dry crystal salt N from the solution N
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g) A piece of zinc is put in solution N
i) Predict the observation
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ii) Write the chemical equation to represent the reaction which has occurred
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Figure above shows the apparatus arrangement to produce a type of insoluble salt
a) Name the method use to prepare salt in this experiment
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b) Suggest another salt solution that can be used to replace sodium iodide solution.
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c) i) What can be observed in this experiment?
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ii) Name the compound formed in c(i)
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d) Describe briefly how you can obtain dry salt from the products formed in the beaker

e)

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If 50 cm3 of 1 mol dm-3 lead(II)nitrate reacts with excess sodium iodide solution, how much is the
mass of insoluble salt is formed?

Heated up
Blue powder

Black solid N

Colourless gas X

Brown gas Y

+ dilute nitric acid

Blue colour solution Z

+ sodium hydroxide solution

Blue precipitate H
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

f)
f)

Identify gas X and gas Y

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State the chemical test used to identify gas X
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Identify the substance M
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Write the chemical equation when substance M is heated
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i) Name the reaction when solid N is reacted with nitric acid
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ii) Write the ionic equation for the above e(i) reaction
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Name the blue precipitate H
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If solution Z is added into ammonium hydroxide solution, what can be observed from the reaction?
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