Multiplexing Q1: Define Multiplexing

Definition:
Multiplexing is a set of techniques that allows simultaneous transmission of multiple signals through a single link.

Q2: What is difference between Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) and Frequency
Division Multiplexing (FDM)?

Time Division Multiplexing

TDM is used for Analog communication. TDM is Time-Division Multiplexing and it used for things like telephone systems which are digital in modern systems. In Time-Division, switches alternate between channels. This allows each channel to pass through in turn for a short burst.

Frequency Division Multiplexing

FDM is used for Digital communication. FDM is Frequency-Division Multiplexing and used for such things as satellite Communications. In Frequency-Division, each channel is assigned a carrier frequency and small amount of bandwidth. By tuning into into each carrier, each channel can be connected.

In TDM many signals can be passed in between other signals without interference as there is a space between signals in TDM so we can transmit other signals between them with minimum noise distortion. TDM divides a channel by allocating a time period for each channel.

In FDM all signals are pased simultaneously at same time continously so nosise distortion is more

. FDM divides the channel into multiple, but smaller frequency ranges to accommodate more users

Time Division Multiplexing

Frequency Division Multiplexing

Q3: What is difference between Synchronous TDM and Asynchronous TDM? Synchoronous TDM
IN syncronous TDM , the multiplexer allocates exactly the same slot to each device at all times , whether or not a device has something to transmit

Asynchoronous TDM
In asynchoronous TDM if the device have nothing to transmit then its time slot is alloted to another device.

Synchoronous TDM requires a common clock signal at both the ends ( sender & receiver) If synchoronous TDM has n input lines , the frame contains a fixed no. of at least n TIME slots.

Asynchoronous TDM doesnt require a common clock signal at both the ends.

If it has n input lines , the frame contains not more than m slots where m< n.

Synchronous TDM does not guarantee maximum line usage and efficiency Synchronous TDM is used in T1 and E1 connections.

Asynchronous TDM allows more devices than there is physical bandwidth for. This type of TDM is used in Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) networks

Q4: Define Interleaving, Time Slot, Frames.

Interleaving
Interleaving is a process of taking an equal amount of data in equal amount of intervals from each device is called Interleaving.

Time Slot
Continuously repeating interval of time or a time period in which two devices are able to interconnect.

Frames

Q5: What I difference between Connectionless and Connection oriented Services?

Connectionless and Connection-Oriented services are two different ways that communication can happen between any two computers anywhere which are connected to some network, e.g. the Internet.

Connectionless Services
Connection-less services take the data from the source computer and just send it over the internet Connection-less services are used in places like VOIP, video conferencing, voice chat etc, where if one or two packets are lost or out of order, it won't make a big difference. This service does not have the reliability UDP is a connection less protocol.
A connectionless network provides minimal services.

Connection oriented services

Connection-oriented services take data from a source computer and first establish a connection with the destination computer Connection-oriented services are used in things like file transfer etc, where the integrity of each packet is mandatory This method is often called a "reliable" network service.

TCP is a connection oriented protocol.

Connection-oriented services set up virtual links between end systems through a network