Topic 1: Integration
Concepts/Formulas
BEM 112 Engineering Calculus 2
2nd SEMESTER, SY 2021-22
Asst. Prof. Heidee L. Soliman, MEng’g CpE
WMSU References:
Biitinger, M., Ellenbogen, D., and Surgent, S. (2012) Calculus and Its
Applications 10th Edition. Boylston Street, Boston, MA: Pearson
Education, Inc.
Anton, H., Bivens, I.C, and Davis, S. (2015) Calculus Early
Transcendental 10th Edition. Hoboke, New Jersey: Anton Textbooks, Inc.
1
Topic Outline
• Anti-differentiation
• Indefinite Integrals
• Simple Power Formula
• Simple Trigonometric Formula
• Logarithmic Function
• Exponential Function
Desired Student Learning Outcomes/Competencies
At the end of this topic, the students can:
– find an antiderivative of a function;
– evaluate indefinite integrals using basic
rules of antidifferentiation; and
– use initial conditions to determine an
antiderivative.
3
Introduction
• Antidifferentiation is the process of
differentiation in reverse.
𝑑
𝐹 𝑥 = 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
• Example:
Let 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥
𝐹 𝑥 = 𝑥 ! is an antiderivative of 𝑓 𝑥
" !
since 𝑥 = 2𝑥
"#
• Other functions also have a derivative of 2𝑥
– 𝑦 = 𝑥! + 1
– 𝑦 = 𝑥 ! − 10
– 𝑦 = 𝑥 ! + 250
Therefore, an anti-derivative of 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 is
any function that can be written in the form
𝑭 𝒙 = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝑪, C is a constant.
If 𝐹 𝑥 is an antiderivative of a function 𝑓 𝑥 , it is written as
$ 𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝐹 𝑥 + 𝐶
• This equation is read as the “the antiderivative of 𝒇 𝒙 with respect to 𝒙,
is the set of functions 𝑭 𝒙 + 𝑪. ”
• The expression on the left side is called indefinite integral.
• The symbol ∫ is the integral sign and is a command for antidifferentiation.
• The function 𝑓 𝑥 is the integrand and the meaning of the 𝑑𝑥 will be clear
integration.
Example 1: Problem
Determine these indefinite integrals. That is, find the
antiderivative of each integrand:
a. ∫ 8𝑑𝑥
b. ∫ 3𝑥 ! 𝑑𝑥
c. ∫ 𝑒 " 𝑑𝑥
#
d. ∫ " 𝑑𝑥
Example 2: Problem
Find the antiderivative of 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 $ . That is,
determine ∫ 𝑥 $ 𝑑𝑥.
Solution
$
1 %
+ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝐶
5
Integration Formulas
Integration Formulas
Example 3
Example 4: Problem
Use the Power Rule of Antidifferentiation to
determine these indefinite integrals:
a. ∫ 𝑥 $ 𝑑𝑥
b. ∫ 𝑥 %% 𝑑𝑥
c. ∫ 𝑥𝑑𝑥
#
d. ∫ "! 𝑑𝑥
SEATWORK 1.1
Evaluate the following
1. ∫(5𝑥 $ +3𝑥 ! + 6) 𝑑𝑥
2. ∫(3𝑥 + 4)! 𝑑𝑥
$ !
3. ∫ #!
+
#
𝑑𝑥
4. ∫[𝑠𝑒𝑐 ! 𝑥 − csc 𝑥 cot 𝑥] 𝑑𝑥
