Problem 1:
The following table shows the number of defective components supplied each day by a factory. Do
these data follow a Binomial Distribution? P = 0.40.
Number of
0 1 2 3 4 5
Defects
Number
8 22 33 29 15 3
Days
Five-Step Hypothesis Testing for Problem 1
Step 1: State the Null Hypothesis and the Alternate Hypothesis
Step 2: Select the Level of Significance
Step 3: Calculate the χ2cal from Data
χ2cal:
Step 4: Formulate the Decision Rule
Degree of Freedom:
χ2critical:
Step 5: Take the Decision of Whether to accept or Reject the Null Hypothesis
Data Table for Problem 1 (Expected Frequency & Chi-Square)
No. of Defects, x No. of Days, f o Expected Days, fe (fo-fe) (fo-fe)2/fe
0 8 8.5536 -0.5536 0.0358
1 22 28.512 -6.512 1.4873
2 33 38.016 -5.016 0.6618
3 29 25.344 3.656 0.5274
4 15 8.448 6.552 5.0815
5 3 1.1264 1.8736 3.1165
Total 110 2
χ cal= 10.9103
Sample Calculation:
Problem 2:
The number of breakdowns of equipment in the shop-floor reporting to the maintenance department
is shown in the following table. Do these figures follow a Poisson Distribution?
Number of
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Breakdowns
Number of
17 43 52 37 20 8 4
Days
Five-Step Hypothesis Testing for Problem 2
Step 1: State the Null Hypothesis and the Alternate Hypothesis
Step 2: Select the Level of Significance
Step 3: Calculate the χ2cal from Data
χ2cal:
Step 4: Formulate the Decision Rule
Degree of Freedom:
χ2critical:
Step 5: Take the Decision of Whether to accept or Reject the Null Hypothesis
Data Table for Problem 2 (Expected Frequency & Chi-Square)
No. of No. of Expected
x*fo Mean, λ (fo-fe) (fo-fe)2/fe
Breakdowns, x Days, fo Days, fe
0 17 0 19.6387 -2.6387 0.3545
1 43 43 43.6175 -0.6175 0.0087
2 52 104 48.4371 3.5629 0.2621
3 37 111 2.2209 35.8595 1.1405 0.0363
4 20 80 19.9109 0.0891 0.0004
5 8 40 8.8444 -0.8444 0.0806
6 4 24 3.2739 0.7261 0.1610
Total 181 402 2
χ cal= 0.9037
Sample Calculation:
Problem 3:
Do the weights of parts coming from the Injection Molding Machine, shown in the following table,
follow a Normal Distribution?
Weight (g) Number of observations
Less than 5 5
5 to 19.99 43
20 to 34.99 74
35 to 49.99 103
50 to 64.99 121
65 to 79.99 97
80 to 94.99 43
95 to 109.99 21
110 and over 8
Five-Step Hypothesis Testing for Problem 3
Step 1: State the Null Hypothesis and the Alternate Hypothesis
Step 2: Select the Level of Significance
Step 3: Calculate the χ2cal from Data
χ2cal:
Step 4: Formulate the Decision Rule
Degree of Freedom:
χ2critical:
Step 5: Take the Decision of Whether to accept or Reject the Null Hypothesis
Data Table for Problem 3 (Mean & Standard Deviation)
No. of Standard
Weight(g) Mid, x Observations x*fo 𝒙 x-𝒙 fo*(x-𝒙)2 Deviation
fo σ
0-4.99 2.495 5 12.475 -51.4951 13258.7501
5-19.99 12.495 43 537.285 -41.4951 74039.4258
20-34.99 27.495 74 2034.63 -26.4951 51947.4629
35-49.99 42.495 103 4376.985 -11.4951 13610.2524
53.9902
50-64.99 57.495 121 6956.895 3.5049 1486.3645 24.8536
65-79.99 72.495 97 7032.015 18.5048 33215.6746
80-94.99 87.495 43 3762.285 33.5049 48270.7365
95-109.99 102.495 21 2152.395 48.5049 49407.1388
110-124.99 117.495 8 939.96 63.5049 32262.9322
Total 515 27804.93 317498.7379
Data Table for Problem 3 (Expected Frequency & Chi-Square)
No. of Area Expected
Weight(g) Observations, Z value under The Observations, fo-fe (fo-fe)2/fe
fo Curve fe
0-4.99 5 under -1.97 0.0244 12.566 -7.566 4.5555
5-19.99 43 -1.97 to -1.37 0.0609 31.3635 11.6365 4.3174
20-34.99 74 -1.37 to -0.76 0.1383 71.2245 2.7755 0.1082
35-49.99 103 -0.76 to -0.16 0.2128 109.592 -6.592 0.3965
50-64.99 121 -0.16 to 0.44 0.2336 120.304 0.696 0.004
65-79.99 97 0.44 to 1.05 0.1831 94.2965 2.7035 0.0776
80-94.99 43 1.05 to 1.65 0.0974 50.161 -7.161 1.0223
95-109.99 21 1.65 to 2.25 0.0373 19.2095 1.7905 0.1669
110-124.99 8 over 2.25 0.0122 6.283 1.717 0.4692
Total 515 χ2cal= 11.1175
Sample Calculation:
Problem 4:
The following table shows the relation between the number of sewing defects in 1 year and the age
of the garment-workers in a random sample of 500 workers between 18 and 50. Test the hypothesis
that the number of defects is independent of the worker’s age.
No. of Age of Worker
Defects 18-25 26-40 Over 40
0 75 115 110
1 50 65 35
2 25 20 5
Five-Step Hypothesis Testing for Problem 4
Step 1: State the Null Hypothesis and the Alternate Hypothesis
Step 2: Select the Level of Significance
Step 3: Calculate the χ2cal from Data
χ2cal:
Step 4: Formulate the Decision Rule
Degree of Freedom:
χ2critical:
Step 5: Take the Decision of Whether to accept or Reject the Null Hypothesis
Data Table for Problem 4 (Relation Between Defects & Age of workers)
No. of Age of Worker Total
Defects 18-25 26-40 Over 40
0 75 115 110 300
1 50 65 35 150
2 25 20 5 50
Total 150 200 150 500
Data Table for Problem 4 (Expected Frequency & Chi-Square)
No. of Age of Observed Expected
fo-fe (fo-fe)2/fe
Defects Worker Defects, fo Defects, fe
18-25 75 90 -15 2.5
0 26-40 115 120 -5 0.2083
Over 40 110 90 20 4.4444
18-25 50 45 5 0.5556
1 26-40 65 60 5 0.4167
Over 40 35 45 -10 2.2222
18-25 25 15 10 6.6667
2 26-40 20 20 0 0
Over 40 5 15 -10 6.6667
Total 500 2
χ cal= 23.6806
