PROJECT PLAN

Maternal Nutrition during Pregnancy

Group 15 (SECTION A)
AGUILA, Julie Anne Dianne ANDRES, Rachel FERNANDEZ, Quennie GABRIEL, Gretchen Mae GARCIA, Joyce Ann HOLGADO, Anna Victoria JAVIER, Jezreel JURAO, Adorissa

Date of Submission: 2/6/2012

SESSION PLAN MATERNAL NUTRITION DURING PREGNANCY Participants A group of pregnant women undergoing pre-natal check-up Duration of session 7-8 minutes Time allotment --Venue Out-patient department, De La Salle University Medical Center

SESSION OBJECTIVES At the end of the 7-8 minute audio-visual presentation, the participants will be able to: 1. 2. 3. 4. Identify the common misconceptions of pregnant women about maternal nutrition. State the importance of proper and adequate nutrition during pregnancy. State the caloric needs of a woman in the duration of her pregnancy. Identify the kinds of food to take during pregnancy and their appropriate servings. a. Recall the sources for essential macronutrients (e.g. carbohydrates, protein, fat) b. Recall the sources for essential micronutrients (e.g. vitamins and minerals) 5. Identify the kinds of food to avoid during pregnancy.

LEARNING OBJECTIVE

CONTENT

TEACHINGLEARNING ACTIVITIES Audio-visual presentation

TIME ALLOTMENT 7-8 minutes

RESOURCES

EVALUATION

Common misconceptions among Filipino pregnant women (Andres, 2012): y Eating twin banana will result to twin pregnancy y Eating black colored foods (pusit, dinuguan), iron tablets will result to dark skinned baby. y Eating suha, labanos, singkamas will result to fair skinned baby. y Eating eggs before delivery will facilitate easy labor. y Eating crabs will make your baby a polydactyly. y Unable to eat your craved food will cause miscarriage. y Eating papaya, mango or pineapple may cause a miscarriage y Sesame seeds can cause abortion. y The foods that the mother eat do not directly affect the genetic make-up of the fetus (resulting to a particular phenotype); rather, the nutrients that are provided in these food groups facilitate

Objectives 1-2: y Supplemental materials (e.g. pamphlets) may be given, and would contain the following: o Misconceptions (myths) on maternal nutrition during pregnancy o Importance of proper and adequate nutrition during pregnancy

The participant must be able to state at least two (2) misconceptions regarding maternal nutrition during pregnancy.

Identify the common misconceptions of pregnant women about maternal nutrition.

the processes involved in fetal growth and development by providing the necessary energy and building blocks that will sustain such developmental processes.

State the importance of proper and adequate nutrition during pregnancy.

y Basic principle What the mother eats, the baby eats. y Eating the right kind and amount of food is VITAL in order to meet the increasing physiologic demands of pregnancy, as well as the necessary nutrients for optimal fetal growth and development. y Definition of key terms: o PROPER - appropriate food sources that will meet both the needs of the mother and the fetus during pregnancy o ADEQUATE refers to the required amount from each essential food group that will meet the nutritional needs of the mother and support fetal growth and development

The participant must be able to state the importance of proper and adequate nutrition during pregnancy, emphasizing on the effect of maternal nutrition on maternal health (meeting the incresed demands of pregnancy) and fetal growth and development.

State the caloric needs of a woman in the duration of her pregnancy.

y CALORIES measurement of the amount of energy obtained from the food we eat y A pregnant woman needs approximately 2,500 calories per day (in contrast to an average non-pregnant

Objectives 3-5: y Visual aid: o Food pyramid for Filipino pregnant women o Sources per food group y Pamphlet: o Major food groups (macro- and

The participant must be able to recall the additional calories needed per day during pregnancy (300 calories).

woman who requires approximately 2,100 calories per day) y This implies that an addition of 300 calories in a day is recommended to meet the increased needs of pregnancy (Pilliteri, 2007)

micronutrients) and their sources o Appropriate servings per food groups o Sample one-day menu o Foods to avoid during pregnancy

Identify the kinds of food to take during pregnancy and their appropriate servings.

y Pregnant women should focus on the following food groups: o CARBOHYDRATES - main source of energy in pregnancy (sources: rice, rice products, corn, root crops, bread, noodles, sugar and sweets) o PROTEINS necessary for structural development (sources are further divided into 4 subgroups: a) milk and milk products; b) dried beans and nuts; c) fish, shellfish; d) meat and poultry o FATS - another source of energy, especially towards the latter part of pregnancy; also necessary for fetal cell growth (sources include oils) o VITAMINS AND MINERALS sources: fruits, vegetables, iron, calcium, iodized salt; necessary for fetal growth and development by reducing rate of oxidative stress (vitamins C and E, selenium); facilitating bone

The participant must be able to recall the major food groups (i.e. carbohydrates, proteins, fat, vitamins/minerals) and their appropriate servings: Carbohydrates 5 to 6 servings Proteins 4-5 servings Fats 7 tsps Vitamins/minerals a) fruits: 2 servings b) veg: 3-4 servings c) iron 30 mg d) calcium 1,2001,500 mg

development (calcium); and enhancing oxygen delivery (iron) a) Recall some sources for essential macronutrients. y These can be grouped into macronutrients and micronutrients o MACRONUTRIENTS include carbohydrates, proteins, and fats; these are used by the body in relatively large amounts for energy as well structural growth and development, especially for the growing fetus o MICRONUTRIENTS are required in much lesser amounts; however they play a vital role in facilitating optimal fetal growth and development; some sources are fruits and vegetables, calcium, iron, and iodized salt y WATER intake per day is also essential in maintaining kidney function, since the pregnant woman must excrete waste products for two (Pilliteri, 2007) o 6-8 glasses per day is recommended. The participant must be able to give at least two (2) sources for macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, fat) and micronutrients (vitamins and minerals).

b) Recall some sources for essential micronutrients.

Identify the kinds of food to avoid during pregnancy.

y Pregnant women should avoid/limit the intake of the following, since these foods may pose detrimental effects on fetal growth and development, as well as compromise maternal health:

The participant must be able to state at least two (2) kinds of food to avoid during pregnancy.

o ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES possess teratogenic effects on a fetus o FOOD ADDITIVES effects on mother and fetus are unknown o CAFFEINATED FOOD & BEVERAGES (e.g. coffee, tea, soft drinks, chocolates) increased intake (>8 cups/day) has been associated with increased rate of stillbirth o ARTIFICIAL SWEETENERS intake is reduced in pregnant women; use of saccharine is not recommended during pregnancy because it is eliminated slowly from fetal circulation o EXCESSIVE AMOUNTS of Vitamin A increased amounts of this vitamin have an effect on fetal structural development

REFERENCES Pilliteri, A. (2007) Maternal and Child Health Nursing: Care of the Childbearing and Childrearing Family (5th edition). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. Cunningham, F., et al. (2009) Williams Obstetrics (23rd edition). McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Internet sources: Eden, E. Pregnancy Nutrition Guidelines. (http://health.howstuffworks.com) Haas, A.V. (2002) Nutrition During Pregnancy. (http://www.midwiferytoday.com) Hendrickson, K. Importance of Proper Nutrition for Pregnant Women. (http://www.livestrong.com) Jolliffe, T. (2007) The Importance of eating Enough During Pregnancy. (http://babyfit.sparkpeople.com/) Owen, P. What Should I Eat During Pregnancy?. (http://www.netdoctor.co.uk) Daily Nutritional Guide Pyramid for Filipinos. (http://www.foodrecap.net) Dietary Reference Index: Macronutrients. (http://www.iom.edu) Eating and Nutrition. (http://www.marchofdimes.com) Fat soluble Vitamins. (http://www.diet.com) Food Myths in Pregnancy. (http://wonderwoman.intoday.in) Food Pyramid for Pregnant Women. (http://www.foodrecap.net) Good Nutrition During Pregnancy for You and Your Baby. (http://my.clevelandclinic.org) Meal Planning During Pregnancy. (http://www.babycenter.com) Nutritionally Adequate One-day Sample Menu for Filipinos. (http://www.foodrecap.net) The Myths and Facts About Pregnancy. (http://drphil.com) Vitamin and Mineral Requirements and Supplements During Pregnancy. (http://www.virtualmedicalcentre.com) What and How Much to Eat During Pregnancy. (http://www.virtualmedicalcentre.com) Why Should I Avoid Some Foods During Pregnancy?. (http://www.nhs.uk) Interview: Zenaida P. Andres, MD, DPPS (February 3, 2012)

APPENDIX A: SAMPLE ONE-DAY MENU

Source: Nutritionally Adequate One-Day Sample Menu for Filipinos (http://www.foodrecap.net)

APPENDIX B: FOOD PYRAMID FOR FILIPINO PREGNANT WOMEN

Source: Food Pyramid for Pregnant Women (http://www.foodrecap.net)