Media and Information Literacy (MIL) Data
● Facts, figures, and values.
Lesson 1: INTRODUCTION TO MEDIA AND
INFORMATION LITERACY Information
● A broad term that covers processed data
“Humans have always communicated with one and knowledge derived from study,
another even before traditional media were experience, instruction, signals, or
developed and made communication easier and symbols.
faster.” - Potter, 2021
Information Literacy
Media ● The ability to recognize when information
● From the Latin word “medius” which is needed, and to locate, evaluate, and
means “middle ground” effectively communicate information in its
● The different channels, objects or ways in various formats.
which news, entertainment, marketing
messages or other information is spread. Technology
● A source of credible information in which ● Pertains to synthesized tools that serve to
contents are provided through an editorial apply knowledge or technique to perform
process determined by journalistic values; tasks and obtain results.
and therefore editorial accountability can
be attributed to an organization or a legal Digital Literacy
person. ● The ability of an individual, either working
independently or with others, to
❖ Purposes of Media responsibly, appropriately, and effectively
● Acts as channels of information and use technological tools. Using these tools
knowledge. an individual can access, manage,
● Facilitates informed debates between integrate, evaluate, create and
diverse social actors. communicate information.
● Serves as by which the society learns
about itself and builds a sense of Media and Information Literacy
community. ● The essential competencies (knowledge,
● Functions as a watchdog of the skills and attitude) that allow citizens to
government by promoting transparency in engage with media and other information
public life and public scrutiny of those with providers effectively and develop critical
power. thinking and life-long learning skills for
● Acts as facilitator of democratic socializing and becoming active citizens.
processes.
Media and Information Literate Individuals
Literacy a. Independent
● The ability to identify, understand, ● Media and information literate individuals
interpret, create, compute and can independently process digital or
communicate using printed and written printed texts of varying complexity, discuss
materials. and elaborate ideas with others, and
understand and apply conventions of
Media Literacy vocabulary and grammar while applying
● The ability to access, analyze, evaluate, learning strategies.
and create media in a variety of forms. It
aims to empower citizens by providing b. Knowledgeable
them with the competencies (knowledge ● Media and information literate individuals
and skills) necessary to engage with acquire, process, share, and translate
traditional media and new technology. deep information about their fields. They
can discuss and elaborate on
discipline-specific texts and become paintings and engravings
experts on their fields. found in cave walls or
ceilings around 38000
c. Responsive BCE.
● Media and information literate individuals
can adjust the way they communicate with b. Papyrus
others depending on the audience, task, - made from the pith of a
purpose, discipline, and other demands or papyrus plant. It was used
factors in the situation. in ancient times as a writing
surface to designate
d. Critical with Information documents written on its
● Not only do they understand the sheets, rolled up to scrolls.
information being given, but they also
critique the content, delivery, and c. Clay Tablets
processing of data. They subconsciously - used as a writing medium
question the media and give great especially for writing in
emphasis on the provided evidence. cuneiform. Cuneiform is
one of the oldest forms of
e. Technology Savvy writing. This means of
● They are capable. They effectively make communication has been
use of technology and new media in a way used for 3000 years in 15
that is highly advantageous for the different languages.
purpose of their communication.
f. Considerate B. Industrial Age (1700's - 1930's)
● They acknowledge, understand, and ● People used the power of steam,
respect others’ perspectives and cultures. developed machine tools,
They are aware of individual differences established iron production, and
and keep these in mind when the manufacturing of various
communicating. products (including books through
the printing press).
Lesson 2: THE EVOLUTION OF MEDIA Media in Industrial Age
a. Printing Press
Roles of Media in Society - typing used for texts. It is a
● Entertainment device that applies
● Information pressure to an inked
● Education surface resting upon a print
● Public Form medium (like paper or
● Springboard for Imagination cloth).
b. Telegraphs
A. Pre Industrial Age (220 BCE - 1700 - used for long distance
BCE) communication by
● People discovered fire, developed transmitting electrical
paper from plants, and forged signals over a wire laid
weapons and tools with stone, between stations.
bronze, copper, and iron. - Samuel Morse
Media in Pre Industrial Age c. Motion Pictures
a. Cave Paintings - (also known as film or
- (also known as Parietal movie) is a series of still
Art), are numerous photos on film, projected in
rapid succession onto a and data are digitalized. We are
screen by means of light. now living in the Information Age.
Media of Information Age
C. Electronic Age (1930's - 1980's) a. Web Browser
● The invention of the transistor - An application for
ushered in the electronic age. accessing websites. Tim
People harnessed the power of Berners-Lee made the first
transistors that led to transistor web browser in 1990. The
radio, electronic circuits, and the first web browser was
early computers. In this age, long named WorldWideWeb and
distance communication became later called Nexus.
more efficient.
b. Laptop
Media in Electronic Age - A personal computer that
a. Transistor radio can be easily moved and
- Following the invention of the used in a variety of
transistor in 1947 — which locations. Most laptops are
revolutionized the field of designed to have all of the
consumer electronics by functionality of a desktop
introducing small but powerful, computer, which means
convenient hand-held devices — they can generally run the
the Regency TR-1 was released in same software and open
1954 becoming the first the same types of files.
commercial transistor radio.
c. Wearable Technology
b. Televisions - Devices that can be worn
- Scottish Engineer John Baird gave as accessories, embedded
the world's first demonstration of in clothing, implanted in the
true television before 50 scientists user's body, or even
in Central London in 1927. tattooed on the skin. The
devices are hands-free
c. Mainframe computers gadgets with practical uses,
- A computer used primarily by large powered by
organizations for critical microprocessors and
applications like bulk data enhanced with the ability to
processing for talks such as send and receive data via
censuses, industry and consumer the Internet.
statistics, enterprises resources
planning, and large-scale d. Social Networking Sites
transaction processing. - An online platform that
allows users to create a
D. Information Age (1900's - 2000's) public profile and interact
● The internet paved the way for with other users.
faster communication and the
creation of the social network. Lesson 3: TYPES OF MEDIA
People advanced the use of
microelectronics with the invention Print Media
of personal computers, mobile ● Media consisting of paper and ink,
devices, and wearable technology. reproduced in a printing process that is
Moreover, voice, image, sound, traditionally mechanical.
A. Newspaper A. Television
● A printed newspaper publication (usually ● The principal source of information and
issued daily or weekly) consisting of folded entertainment for people exposed to mass
unstapled sheets and containing news, media. It is believed to be the most
feature articles, advertisements, and authoritative, influential, exciting medium
correspondence. for reaching a very large audience. It
combines visual images, sound, motion
and color to achieve viewer’s empathy. It
a. Broadsheets allows development of creative and
● A broadsheet is a newspaper that imaginative ad messages in a unique way.
is printed on large sheets of paper. It is considered intrusive in nature as the
Broadsheets are generally audience has no control over the nature
considered to be more serious and pace of advertisement.
than other newspapers.
B. Radio
b. Tabloid ● Is a premier mass medium for users and
● A tabloid is a newspaper, advertisers. It has a wide spread reach
especially one that's smaller than a and delivers the ad message to a large
traditional daily paper and focuses number of people across the length and
on sensational news items. breadth of a country. Commercial
broadcasting is undertaken in major cities,
B. Magazines even rural areas. It is one of the personal
● A magazine is a periodical magazine mediums and offers selectivity, cost
publication containing a variety of articles, efficiency and flexibility advantages over
generally financed by advertising, other media. Efficiency of radio ad
purchased by readers, or both. Magazines depends upon the precision of script,
are typically published weekly, biweekly, accompanying sounds and level of
monthly, bimonthly or quarterly, with a distortion.
date on the cover that is later than the
date it is actually published. They are New Media
often printed in color on coated paper, and ● Also dubbed as digital media, new media
are bound with a soft cover. are content organized and distributed in
digital platforms ([Link] Social media).
C. Books
● A collection of paper, parchment or other A. Internet
material with a piece of text written on ● A worldwide medium that provides means
them, bound together along one edge, of exchanging information through a
usually within covers. Each side of a sheet series of interconnected computers. It is a
is called a page and a single sheet within rapidly growing medium which offers
a book may be called a leaf. A book is limitless advertising opportunities. It
also a literary work or a main division of involves the use of the world wide web to
such a work; books became part of the showcase a website or e-commerce portal
mass media after the printing process was to the world. It provides a sophisticated
invented. graphic user interface to users and is
accessible to anyone with a computer and
Broadcast Media broadband connection.
● Refer to media such as radio and
television that reach target audiences B. Social Media
using airwaves as the transmission ● Interactive technologies that facilitate the
medium. creation and sharing of information, ideas,
interests, and other forms of expression
through virtual communities and networks.
❖ Indigenous Communication
Media Convergence ● The transmission of information through
local channels or forms. It is a means by
Media Convergence which culture is preserved, handed down,
● The coexistence of traditional and new and adapted. Indigenous media and
media; the coexistence of print media, information refer to the original information
broadcast media, the Internet, mobile created by a local group of people.
phones, as well as others, allowing media
content to flow across various platforms ❖ Indigenous Media
creating a digital communication ● Defined as forms of media expression that
environment. were conceptualized, produced and
A. Online Radio circulated by indigenous people around
● Online radio combines the mass media of the globe as vehicles for communication.
radio communication with the internet to
deliver the media convergence of online ★ Indigenous Media Examples:
radio. 1. Folk Traditional Media
2. Gathering and Social Organizations
B. Electronic Books 3. Direct Observation
● E-books represent another form of media 4. Written, carved and oral records
convergence. E-books converge the 5. Oral Instructions
typical paperback book that we’re all
accustomed to with the digital technology 3. Library
of an app or the internet. ● A place set apart to contain books,
periodicals, and other material for reading,
C. Smartphones viewing, listening, study of reference, set
● Smartphones blend together a number of of rooms, or building where books may be
mass media concepts and technologies. read or borrowed. As to its characteristics,
For instance,the smartphone uses print libraries are known for their reliability,
media such as e-books and news apps to accuracy and value - Libraries of
deliver text based technology. It uses published books are often considered
broadcast media such as radio and music highly reliable, accurate, and valuable.
apps to deliver broadcasted works. And it
uses the internet too. This meshing or
merging of communication media is a KALINGA STATE UNIVERSITY'S LIBRARY
profound example of media convergence. SECTION
➢ Circulation Section - This section houses
Lesson 4: MEDIA AND INFORMATION and circulates the major library collection
SOURCES covering the different areas of discipline.
This section adopts the “open shelf”
1. Human Source system, where users can go directly to the
● Refers to the information you can get from shelf and choose the books they would
certain people. like to browse or use. All books in this
● Pertains to a person’s knowledge, section may be borrowed for overnight
educational background, experience and use.
skills.
➢ Filipiniana Section - The Filipiniana
2. Indigenous Knowledge Collection consists of publications about
● A knowledge that is unique in a specific the Philippines, in all its aspects—cultural,
culture or society most often is not written political, social, religious, economic, and
down. others regardless of author and imprints.
The collection covers a range of reading
materials designed to meet the ➢ Law And Graduate Library Section -
instructional and research needs of library This section houses the Law and
users. Graduate Studies collection which
specifically caters to the Law and GS
➢ Reserve Section - This section houses students.
books, which are in demand and limited in
copies. Also, in process books and newly ➢ Special Collections - This section houses
acquired books. It adopts the “close shelf a collection of extensive general reference
system”. Users are not allowed to enter materials, which are intended to be
this section; they seek the assistance of consulted for a particular question or
the library staff or library assistants. Books query, rather than read thoroughly.
in this section are for room use only and ➢ Technical Section - This section is where
may be borrowed for one hour; a borrower the processing and maintenance activities
may extend its use provided there is no of a library's collection are being done.
prior request for the book. If not returned
on time, the borrower will be fined one (1) 4. The Internet
peso per hour. ● A vast computer network linking smaller
computer networks worldwide. It includes
➢ Reference Section - This section houses commercial, educational, governmental,
a collection of extensive general reference and other networks, all of which use the
materials, which are intended to be same set of communications protocols.
consulted for a particular question or
query, rather than read thoroughly. VALIDATING INFORMATION SOURCES
➢ Check the author
➢ Periodical Section - This section houses ➢ Check the date of publication or of update
journals, magazines, newspapers, and ➢ Check for citations
other serial literature. Collections in this ➢ Check the domain or owner of the site or
section are for room use only; bound page
periodicals may be borrowed overnight. ➢ Check the site design and the writing style
Current issues are displayed on the
display shelves. SKILLS IN DETERMINING ACCURATE
INFORMATION
➢ Archive Section - This section houses ➢ Look for facts
materials which depict the history of the ➢ Cross-reference with other sources to
university and researches made by faculty check for consistency
and staff. Also, accreditation documents of ➢ Determine the reason for writing and
the University Library. publishing the information
➢ Check for advertising
➢ Internet Section - This section enables
students to access information through the Spider Diagram
internet. ● A spider diagram organizes and displays
data in a logical, visual way. Spider
➢ AVR Section - This section provides an diagram features include the main concept
audio-visual support service to facilitate positioned in the middle of the diagram,
the teaching and learning activities of the with lines extending radially to link related
university through non-print collections. ideas and sub-topics.
➢ E-Library Section - This section enables
students to have access to e-resources
from authorized databases which the
university has subscribed to.
