Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ILOILO
CANINGUAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

INTRODUCTION

Sleep is a vital aspect of human life, particularly during adolescence. At this stage,

students undergo significant physical, emotional, and cognitive changes. Adequate sleep

plays a crucial role in supporting these developmental processes. However, numerous studies

have shown that many teenagers fail to obtain sufficient sleep, leading to impaired cognitive

function, mood disturbances, and decreased academic performance.

Sleep Requirements According to the Department of Health (DOH), adolescents

require 8-10 hours of sleep each night for optimal health and functioning. This age group,

specifically teenagers aged 13-17 years old, needs adequate sleep to support their growth and

developments.

However, a DOH survey revealed that many Filipino adolescents fail to meet this

requirement, with 71% of respondents reporting sleep durations of less than 8 hours per night.

This study aims to investigate the sleep patterns of Grade 10 Students at Caninguan

National High School, focusing on the number of hours slept per night, and examining the

factors that affect their sleep quality, including:

a. Environmental factors: noise, cold, and hot temperatures

b. Socioeconomic factors: being poor and being rich

c. Comfort level: comfort and discomfort while sleeping

Sleep is a vital biological process that is especially critical hours of sleep per night, as

outlined by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (Paruthi et al., 2016). This sleep

deficit is often attributed to a combination of biological changes, such as delayed circadian

rhythms, and external factors, including early school start times, academic pressures, and

excessive use of electronic devices (Hirshkowitz et al., 2015; Gradisar et al., 2013).
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ILOILO
CANINGUAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Understanding the sleep patterns of Grade 10 students is therefore crucial to addressing the

broader issue of adolescent sleep deprivation.

The consequences of insufficient sleep in adolescence are far-reaching and well-

documented. Studies have shown that sleep deprivation negatively impacts cognitive

functions such as memory, attention, and problem-solving skills, which are essential for

academic success (Dewald et al., 2010). Furthermore, inadequate sleep has been linked to

increased risks of mental health issues, including anxiety, depression, and mood disorders

(Owens et al., 2014). These mental health challenges can create a vicious cycle, as poor

mental health often further disrupts sleep patterns. Additionally, chronic sleep deprivation

during adolescence has been associated with long-term health problems, such as obesity,

diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (Cappuccio et al., 2008). These findings highlight the

urgent need to address sleep deficiencies among Grade 10 students.

One of the primary factors contributing to adolescent sleep deprivation is the

misalignment between biological sleep patterns and societal demands. During puberty,

adolescents experience a natural shift in their circadian rhythms, leading to a preference for

later bedtimes and wake times (Crowley et al., 2018). However, early school start times often

force students to wake up before they have obtained sufficient sleep, resulting in chronic

sleep debt. Compounding this issue is the widespread use of electronic devices, such as

smartphones and laptops, which emit blue light that can interfere with the production of

melatonin, a hormone essential for sleep (Hysing et al., 2015). These factors create a

challenging environment for Grade 10 students to achieve healthy sleep patterns.

Despite the growing awareness of the importance of sleep, there remains a significant

gap in understanding the specific sleep patterns of Grade 10 students. Most studies on

adolescent sleep tend to focus on broader age groups, which may obscure the unique
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ILOILO
CANINGUAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

challenges faced by students in this critical stage of development. By conducting a detailed

statistical analysis of the hours slept per night by Grade 10 students, this study aims to fill this

gap and provide insights into the factors influencing their sleep duration and quality. The

findings will contribute to the development of targeted interventions to improve sleep health

among adolescents.

This research has important implications for educators, parents, and policymakers. By

identifying the key factors that disrupt sleep in Grade 10 students, this study can inform

strategies such as delaying school start times, promoting sleep hygiene education, and

limiting screen time before bed. Addressing sleep deprivation in adolescence is not only

essential for improving academic performance and mental health but also for fostering long-

term well-being. Ultimately, this study underscores the importance of prioritizing sleep as a

cornerstone of adolescent health and development.

 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ILOILO
CANINGUAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

This study aims to provide information on the sleep patterns of Grade 10

students at Caninguan National High School. The study is critically important as it addresses

the intersection of adolescent health, academic success, and societal well-being. Adolescence

is a pivotal developmental stage marked by rapid physical, cognitive, and emotional changes,

and adequate sleep (8–10 hours nightly) is essential for brain maturation, hormonal balance,

and mental health resilience. By statistically analyzing sleep patterns, the study identifies

whether students meet these recommendations and explores correlations between sleep

deprivation and adverse outcomes, such as poor academic performance, heightened stress, or

increased risk of anxiety and depression.

These findings can inform educational reforms, such as adjusting school start

times or reducing homework loads, to align with adolescents’ biological rhythms.

Additionally, the study highlights lifestyle factors—like excessive screen time or

overcommitment to extracurricular activities—that may disrupt sleep, offering actionable

insights for families and schools to promote healthier routines. Beyond individual well-being,

the research strengthens advocacy for systemic changes, such as later school start policies

endorsed by medical organizations, while raising public awareness about prioritizing sleep as

a cornerstone of student success. Though limitations like self-reported data may affect

precision, the study’s conclusions provide a foundation for interventions that balance

academic rigor with health, fostering more productive, resilient, and healthier adolescent

populations.

This study aims to explore the sleep patterns of Grade 10 students at Caninguan

National High School, guided by the Department of Health (DOH) recommendations on

adolescent sleep. It seeks to identify key aspects of students’ sleep habits, including duration,
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ILOILO
CANINGUAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

pre-sleep activities, and factors influencing sleep quality. Additionally, the research will

investigate the relationship between sleep patterns and academic performance to understand

how rest impacts educational outcomes. The findings are intended to inform the creation of

targeted health programs aimed at enhancing both sleep hygiene and academic achievement.

The study also addresses socio-economic disparities by examining potential differences in

sleep patterns between students from lower- and higher-income backgrounds, as well as

environmental influences by assessing whether temperature (hot or cold) affects sleep quality.

By providing comprehensive insights into these areas, the research holds significance in

supporting evidence-based interventions to improve adolescent well-being and academic

success within the school community.

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE

Demographic Profile
 Gender Grade 10 students sleep patterns:
Male A statistical analysis of hours
Female slept per night
 Screen Time Habits
 Sleep Environment

Fig 1. Shows the relationship of Independent variables to Dependent Variables.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

1. What is the profile of the respondents of terms age, gender, screen time categories,

and sleep environment categories?

2. What is the average hours slept per night by Grade 10 students when grouped by

gender?

3. What are the common screen time habits when categorized to gender?

4. What are the common sleep environment of grade 10 when categorized to gender?
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ILOILO
CANINGUAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

5. What is the distribution of hours slept per night among Grade 10 students when

grouped by gender?

METHODOLOGY

Research Design

This study employs a descriptive cross-sectional research design to analyze the

sleep patterns of Grade 10 students, focusing on hours slept per night and their relationship to

screen time habits and sleep environment quality. The design is non-experimental, utilizing

existing variables (gender, screen time, sleep environment) to describe trends without

manipulation.

Respondents

The researcher used a purposive sample of 40 Grade 10 students (stratified by

gender: 20 male, 20 female) selected from a population of 220 students. Stratified random

sampling ensures proportional gender representation, enhancing the validity of gender-based

comparisons.

Instrument

It is a structured questionnaire divided into four parts: (1) demographic

profile (gender), (2) screen time habits (4 Likert-scale statements), (3) sleep environment

quality (4 Likert-scale statements), and (4) hours slept per night (categorical options). Likert-

scale responses are quantified (1–5) for analysis. The questionnaire was validated by two

education and statistics experts and pilot-tested for clarity.

Data Collection

It involved administering the survey during school hours after obtaining parental

consent and student assent. Participants were briefed on confidentiality (no names required)
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ILOILO
CANINGUAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

and instructed to answer honestly. Completed surveys were collected anonymously to

minimize bias.

Data Analysis

Descriptive statistics are prioritized. The mean is used to interpret Likert-scale

responses for screen time: Excellent (4.5–5.0), Good (3.5–4.4), Fair (2.5–3.4), Poor (1.0–2.4)

and sleep environment: weighted means categorize responses as Strongly Agree (4.5–

5.0), Agree (3.5–4.4), Disagree (2.5–3.4), or Strongly Disagree (1.0–2.4). Hours slept per

night (categorical) are analyzed using frequency distribution and measures of position (e.g.,

median) when grouped by gender. Gender-based comparisons for screen time habits and

sleep environment are presented through cross-tabulated mean scores.

Ethical considerations

The researcher include anonymity, voluntary participation, and secure data storage.

Parental consent was mandatory due to respondents being minors. Participants were informed

of their right to withdraw, and data was aggregated to prevent individual identification.

Limitations

The study include reliance on self-reported data, which may introduce recall bias,

particularly for sleep hours. The small sample size (n=40) limits generalizability, and the

cross-sectional design restricts causal interpretations. Additionally, the use of categorical

ranges for sleep hours (e.g., 5–6 hours) rather than exact values reduces precision in

measuring sleep duration. Despite these constraints, the study provides foundational insights

into gender-specific sleep patterns and their correlates.

 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ILOILO
CANINGUAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE FOR GRADE 10 STUDENTS' SLEEP PATTERNS: A

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF HOURS SLEPT PER NIGHT

NAME: _______________________________________________ (optional)

Instructions:
Answer all questions honestly. For Likert-scale questions, circle the number that best
reflects your agreement. Your responses are confidential.

PART 1: DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE

1.1 Gender:
☐ Male
☐ Female

PART 2: SCREEN TIME HABITS

Instructions: Rate your agreement with the following statements using the scale below:

Legend: 1 – Strongly Disagree (SD)

2 – Disagree (D)
3 – Neutral (N)
4 – Agree (A)
5 – Strongly Agree (SA)

N STATEMENT SA A N D SD
o.
I spend more than 4 hours daily on screens (e.g.,
phone, laptop).
1
I use screens late at night, close to bedtime.
2
My screen time interferes with my daily tasks.
3
I prioritize screen time over physical activities.
4
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ILOILO
CANINGUAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

PART 3: SLEEP ENVIRONMENT QUALITY

Instructions: Rate your agreement with the following statements using the scale below:

Legend: 1 – Strongly Disagree (SD)

2 – Disagree (D)
3 – Neutral (N)
4 – Agree (A)
5 – Strongly Agree (SA)

STATEMENT SA A N D SD
No
.
My sleeping area is quiet and free from noise.
1
My bedroom is dark enough for uninterrupted
2 sleep.
My bed and pillows are comfortable.
3
The temperature in my room is ideal for
4 sleeping.

PART 4: HOURS SLEPT PER NIGHT

On average, how many hours do you sleep per night?

☐ Less than 5 hours
☐ 5–6 hours
☐ 7–8 hours
☐ More than 8 hours

Thank you for your participation! This survey aims to improve understanding of
sleep patterns among students.
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ILOILO
CANINGUAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL