1. mk;Nkhdpahtpy; cs;s iel;u[dpd; rjtPj ,iaigf; fz;lwpf.

(PTA – 1)
mk;Nkhdpahtpd; %yf;$W tha;ghL NH3
NH3 d; %yf;$W epiw = (Nx1) + (Hx3)
= ( 14x1) + (1x3) = 14+3 = 17fp
iel;u[d; mZtpd; epiw
mk;Nkhdpahtpy; cs;s iel;u[dpd; rjtPj ,iaG = x 100
mk;Nkhdpahtpd; %yf;$W epiw
14
mk;Nkhdpahtpy; cs;s iel;u[dpd; rjtPj ,iaG = × 100 = 82.35%
17
2. Nkhy;fspd; vz;zpf;ifiaf; fz;lwpf. (PTA – 5)
m) 27fp mYkpdpak; M) 1.51×1023 %yf;$W NH4Cl.
m) 27fp mYkpdpak;: (JUL - 24)
epiw
Nkhy;fspd; vz;zpf;if =
mZepiw
27
= = 1 Nkhy;
27
Nkhy;fspd; vz;zpf;if = 1 Nkhy;
M) 1.51×1023 %yf;$W NH4Cl. (APR - 24)
%yf;$Wfspd; vz;zpf;if
Nkhy;fspd; vz;zpf;if =
mtfhl;Nuh vz;
1.51×1023 1
= 23 = 4
6.023×10
Nkhy;fspd; vz;zpf;if = 0.25 Nkhy;
3. fPo;fz;ltw;wpd; %yf;$W epiwiaf; fhz;f: (TB – P.No: 99)
i) H2O ii) CO2 iii) Ca3(PO4)2
i) H2O
H – d; mZ epiw = 1 O – d; mZ epiw = 16
H2O d; %yf;$W epiw = (1x2) + (16x1)
= 2 + 16 = 18 fpuhk;
H2O d; %yf;$W epiw = 18 fpuhk;
ii) CO2 (JUL – 24) (SEP – 21)
C – d; mZ epiw = 12 O – d; mZ epiw = 16
CO2 d; %yf;$W epiw = (12x1) + (16x2)
= 12 + 32 = 44 fpuhk;
CO2 d; %yf;$W epiw = 44 fpuhk;
iii) Ca3(PO4)2
Ca – d; mZ epiw = 40 P – d; mZ epiw = 30 O – d; epiw =16
Ca3(PO4)2 d; %yf;$W epiw = (40x3) + [30+(16x4)]x2
= 120 + (94x2)
= 120+ 188 = 308 fpuhk;
Ca3(PO4)2 d; %yf;$W epiw = 308 fpuhk;

HTTPS://CHAT.WHATSAPP.COM/KCO87EOACDJK4MVKG0CU8A
1
B.LIBIN.,9443805408
4. 46 fp Nrhbaj;jpd; Nkhy;fisf; fzf;fpL. (GMQ)
epiw 46
Nkhy;fspd; vz;zpf;if = = = 2 Nkhy;
mZepiw 23

Nkhy;fspd; vz;zpf;if = 2 Nkhy;

5. 12.046×10
23 ,Uk;gpd; Nkhy;fisf; fzf;fpL
mZf;fspd; vz;zpf;if
Nkhy;fspd; vz;zpf;if =
mtfhl;Nuh vz;
12.046×1023
= = 2 Nkhy;
6.023×1023
Nkhy;fspd; vz;zpf;if = 0.25 Nkhy;
6. H2SO4 y; cs;s ry;gupd; rjtPj ,iaigf; fz;lwpf. (APR - 23 ) (TB – P.No: 100)
H2SO4 -d; %yf;$W epiw = 2 × H + 1 × S + 4 × O
= 2 × 1 + 1 × 32 + 4 × 16
= 2 + 32 + 64 = 98 fp
H2SO4 -d; %yf;$W epiw = 98 fp
32
H2SO4 y; cs;s ry;gupd; rjtPj ,iaG = × 100
98
H2SO4 y; cs;s ry;gupd; rjtPj ,iaG = 32.65 %
7. A vd;gJ nrk;gOg;G cNyhfk;. ,J O2 cld; tpidAw;W < 1370 K ntg;gepiyapy;> B
vd;w fUikahd Nrh;kj;ij cUthf;Fk;. > 1370 K ntg;gepiyapy; A ahdJ rptg;G epw
C I cUthf;Fk; vdpy; A,B,C vd;dntd;W tpidfSld; tpsf;Ff.
A- nrk;gOg;G cNyhfk; - jhkpuk;(A) Mf;]p[Dld; < 1370 K ntg;gepiyapy; tpidGhpe;J
fUg;Gepw Fg;hpf; Mf;iril (B) I cUthf;Fk;.
< 1370 K
2 Cu + O2 2 CuO (B) fUg;G epw Fg;upf; Mf;i]L
jhkpuk;(A) Mf;rp[Dld; > 1370 K ntg;gepiyapy; tpidGhpe;J rptg;G epw Fg;u];
Mf;iril (C) I cUthf;Fk;.
> 1370 K
4 Cu + O2 2 Cu2O (C) rptg;G epw Fg;u]; Mf;i]L
Nru;kk; ngau; tha;ghL
A jhkpuk; Cu
B fUg;G epw Fg;upf; Mf;irL CuO
C rptg;G epw Fg;u]; Mf;irL Cu2O
8. A vd;gJ nts;spapd; ntz;ik nfhz;l cNyhfk;. A MdJ 'O2' cld; 800°C apy;
tpidGhpe;J B ia cUthf;Fk;. Aapd; cNyhff; fyit tpkhdj;jpd; ghfq;fs;
nra;ag;gad;gLk;. A kw;Wk; B vd;d? (PTA - 1)
'A' nts;spapd; ntz;ik epwk; nfhz;l cNyhfk; mYkpdpak; 'Al'. mYkpdpaj;jpd;
cNyhff;fyitfs; tpkhdj;jpd; ghfq;fs; nra;a gad;gLfpwJ. mYkpdpak; 'O2' cld;
800°C-y; tpidGhpe;J mYkpdpak; Mf;i]il jUfpwJ.
4 Al + 3O2 2 Al2O3
mYkpdpak; Mf;i]L

HTTPS://CHAT.WHATSAPP.COM/KCO87EOACDJK4MVKG0CU8A
2
B.LIBIN.,9443805408
 Nru;kk; ngau; tha;ghL
A mYkpdpak; Al
B mYkpdpak; Mf;i]L Al2O3
9. 180 fp ePupy;> 45 fp Nrhbak; FNshiuilf; fiuj;J xU fiury; jahupf;fg;gLfpwJ.
fiunghUspd; epiw rjtPjj;ij fhz;f.
fiug;ghdpd; epiw = 180 fp fiunghUspd; epiw = 45 fp
fiunghUspd; epiw
fiunghUspd; epiw rjtPjk; × 100
(fiunghUspd; epiw + fiug;ghdpd; epiw)
45
= × 100
180+45
4500
=
225
fiunghUspd; epiw rjtPjk; = 20%
10. 15 yp vj;jdhy; ePu;ff
; iurypy; 3.5 yp vj;jdhy; fye;Js;sJ. vj;jdhy; fiurypd;
fdmsT rjtPjj;ij fz;lwpf. (PTA -2)
fiurypd; fdmsT = 15 yp
fiunghUspd; fdmsT = 3.5 yp
fiunghUspd; fdmsT
fdmsT rjtPjk; = × 100
fiurypd; fdmsT
3.5
= × 100
15
350
= fdmsT rjtPjk; = 23.33%
15
11. 100 fp ePupy; 25 fp ru;ff
; iuiaf; fiuj;J xU fiury; jahupf;fg;gLfpwJ. mjd;
fiunghUspd; epiw rjtPjj;ij fhz;f. (SEP - 20 ) (APR - 23) (TB – P.No: 130)
fiunghUspd; epiw = 25 fp fiug;ghdpd; epiw = 100 fp
fiunghUspd; epiw
fiunghUspd; epiw rjtPjk; × 100
(fiunghUspd; epiw + fiug;ghdpd; epiw)
25
= × 100
25+100
2500
=
125
fiunghUspd; epiw rjtPjk; = 20%
12. 35 kp.yp nkj;jdhy; 65 kp.yp ePUld; Nru;f;fg;gl;L xU fiury; jahupf;fg;gLfpwJ.
fiurypd; fdmsT rjtPjj;ijf; fhz;f? (TB – P.No: 130)
nkj;jdhypd; fdmsT = 35 kpyp ePupd; fdmsT = 65 kp.yp
fiunghUspd; fdmsT
fdmsT rjtPjk; = × 100
fiunghUspd; epiw + fiug;ghdpd; epiw
35
= × 100
35+65
35
= × 100 = 35% fdmsT rjtPjk; = 35%
100
13. Nkhyhu; nrwpTs;s 𝐍𝐚𝐎𝐇 fiurypd; pH kjpg;ig fhz;f.
[OH − ] = 1.0 × 10-4 (TB – P.No: 148)
POH = − log10 [OH − ] = − log10 [ 1 × 10−4 ]

HTTPS://CHAT.WHATSAPP.COM/KCO87EOACDJK4MVKG0CU8A
3
B.LIBIN.,9443805408
 POH = 4
pH + pH = 14 PH = 14 − pOH = 14 – 4
PH = 10
14. xU fiurypd; PH kjpg;G 4.5 vdpy; POH kjpg;igf; fhz;f (APR - 24 )
pH + pOH = 14 (TB – P.No: 149)
OH
p = 14 – pH = 14 – 4.5
pOH = 9.5
15. xU fiurypy; i`l;uhf;irL madpr; nrwpT 𝟏. 𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟗 Nkhy; vdpy; mjd; pOH
kjpg;G vd;d? (TB – P.No: 147,148)
[OH− ] = 1.0 × 10-9
POH = − log10 [OH − ]
= − log10 [ 1 × 10−9 ]
pOH = − [ − 9 ]
pOH = + 9
𝟏𝟔. 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝑴 nrwpTs;s i`l;NuhFNshupf; mkpyj;jpd; fiurypd; pH kjpg;ig fhz;f.
HCl vd;gJ typik kpFe;j mkpyk; vd;gjhy; KOtJk; madpahf khWk;
+
[H ] = 1.0 × 10 -3
(TB – P.No: 148)
pH = − log10 [H + ]
= − [ log10 10−3 ]
= −[−3]
pH = 3
17. vYkpr;ir rhwpd; pH kjpg;G 2 vdpy; mjd; i`l;u[d; madpapd; nrwptpd; kjpg;G vd;d?
pH = − log10 [H + ]
2 = − log 2 [0.01]
[H+ ] = 0.01 (or) 10−2
i`l;u[d; madpr; nrwpT 𝟏. 𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟐 Nkhy; yp-1
18. 𝟏. 𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟒 Nkhyhu; nrwpAs;s 𝐇𝐍𝐎𝟑 fiurypd; pH kjpg;ig fzf;fpLf.
[H+] = 1.0 × 10-4 (PTA – 1 )
PH = − log10 [H + ]
= − log10 [ 1.0 × 10−4 ]
pH = -[-4]
pH =+ 4
19. 𝟏. 𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟓 Nkhyhu; nrwpTs;s 𝐊𝐎𝐇 fiurypd; pH kjpg;igf; fhz;f.
[OH − ] = 1.0 × 10-5 (PTA – 6 )
POH = − log10 [OH− ] = − log10 [ 1 × 10−5 ]
POH = 5
pH + pH = 14
PH = 14 − pOH = 14 – 5
PH = 9

HTTPS://CHAT.WHATSAPP.COM/KCO87EOACDJK4MVKG0CU8A
4
B.LIBIN.,9443805408