brsuh&;l;u nky; epiyg; gs;sp.

kJiu-9 njitahd btg;g Mw;wy; = Q = ms t

gj;jhk; tFg;g[ - mwptpay; = 4 x 386 x 50 = 77,200 J
Kf;fpa fzf;Ffs; - ,aw;gpay;
1. bghUbshd;wpd; gUk tphpbtz; 5.4 x 10-5K-1 vdpy;. Kf;fpa fzf;Ffs; - ntjpapay;
mg;bghUspd; ePs; tphpbtz; ahJ>
jPh;t[ :  = 3  1. 0.1M HCl fiurypd; pH kjpg;g[ vd;d>
5.4 x 10-5 = 3  [H+] = 0.1 = 1 x 10-1 nkhy; yp-1
 = 5.4 x 10-5 = 1.8 x 10-5 K-1 pH = ?
3 pH = - log10[H+]
2. xU !;Tl;lh; rf;fuj;jpd; tpl;lk; 40 br/kP/ = - log10[10-1]
me;j !;Tl;lh; 4 kP/tp vd;w ntfj;jpy; ,a’;fpdhy; = - (-) log1010
Vw;gLk; nfhzj; jpirntfj;ijf; fhz;f/ = 1 x log1010
bfhLf;fg;gl;lit v = 4 kP tp -1 . =1x1
r = 40/2 = 20 br/kP = 0.2 kP ` pH = 1
jPh;t[ : v = r 2. 0.001 nkhy; yp-1 i\l;u$d; madpfs; brwpt[s;s
 = v / r = 4 / 0.2 fiurypy; cs;s i\l;uhf;!py; madpfspd; brwpt[ vd;d>
 = 20 nuoad; / tpdho [H+] = 0.001 = 1 x 10-3 nkhy; yp-1
3. 500 fpfp epiw bfhz;l fhh; xd;W 50 kPl;lh; Muk; [H+] [OH-] = 1 x 10-14 nkhy;2 yp-2
bfhz;l tist[g;ghijapy; 20 kP tp-2 jpirntfj;jpy; [OH-] = 1 x 10-14
bry;tjw;Fj; njitahd ika nehf;F tpiriaf; fzf;fpLf/ [H+]
bfhLf;fg;gl;lit m = 500 fp/fp/ . [OH-] = 1 x 10-14
r = 50 kP . v = 20 kP tp -1
1 x 10-3
jPh;t[ : ikanehf;Ftpir
F = mv2 = 500 x 20 x 20
= 1 x 10-14+3
r 50 [OH-] = 1 x 10-11 nkhy; yp-1
= 4000 epa{l;ld; 3. fiurypd; pH kjpg;g[ 6 vdpy;. fiurypy; cs;s
i\l;uhf;!py; madpfspd; brwpt[ vd;d>
4. 0°C btg;gepiyapy; cs;s 3 fpnyhfpuhk; gdpf;fl;oia
pH = 6
mnj btg;gepiyapy; ePuhf khw;wj; njitahd btg;g
- log10[H+] = 6
Mw;wiyf; fzf;fpLf/ (gdpf;fl;oapd; cUFjypd;
` [H+] = 1 x 10-6 nkhy; yp-1
cs;Siw btg;gj;jpd; kjpg;g[ 3.34 x 105 J Kg-1) -
[OH ] = 1 x 10-14 = 1 x 10-14
gdpf;fl;oapd; epiw = 3 fp/fp
[H+] 1 x 10-6
cs;Siw btg;gk; = 3.34 x 105 JKg-1
= 1 x 10-14+6
gdpf;fl;oia ePuhf khw;wj; njitahd btg;gk;
Mw;wy; = Q = mL [OH-] = 1 x 10-8 nkhy; yp-1
= 3 x 3.34 x 10 5 = 10.02 J
5. xU byd;rpd; Ftpaj; öuk; 40 br/kP/ vd;why; mjd;
jpwd; ahJ>
bfhLf;fg;gl;lit f = 40 br/kP = 0.4 kP
jpwd; P = 1 = 1 = 10 = 2.5 ilahg;lh;
f 0.4 4

6. 4 fpnyhfpuhk; epiwa[s;s jhkpuj;jpd;

btg;gepiyia303K btg;gepiyapypUe;J 353K btg;g
epiyf;F cah;j;jj; njitahd btg;g Mw;wiyf; fzf;fpLf/
(jhkpuj;jpd; jd; btg;g Vw;g[j;jpwd; = 386 J Kg-1 K-
1
)
bfhLf;fg;gl;lit
jhkpuj;jpd; epiw (m) = 4 fp/fp
jd; btg;g Vw;g[j;jpwd; (s) = 386 J Kg-1 K-1
btg;g epiy khw;wk; (t) = 353 – 303 = 50 K