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ANSI/AGMA 6000-B96 is a standard that specifies methods for measuring linear vibrations in gear units, including instrumentation, measurement methods, and test procedures. It outlines acceptable vibration limits for acceptance testing and emphasizes the importance of experienced personnel in evaluating gear unit vibrations. The standard is voluntary and does not apply to integrated systems or special drive types, with additional annexes providing further context and definitions related to vibration measurement.

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61 views28 pages

Printing 31

ANSI/AGMA 6000-B96 is a standard that specifies methods for measuring linear vibrations in gear units, including instrumentation, measurement methods, and test procedures. It outlines acceptable vibration limits for acceptance testing and emphasizes the importance of experienced personnel in evaluating gear unit vibrations. The standard is voluntary and does not apply to integrated systems or special drive types, with additional annexes providing further context and definitions related to vibration measurement.

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Pejvak sanat novin partak PINP
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
STD-AGMA BODO-B-ENGL 299b MM 0b87575 OOO4OLS TS0 mm ANSI/AGMA 6000-B96 (Revision of ANSI/AGMA 6000-A88) AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Specification for Measurement of Linear Vibration on Gear Units ANSH/AGMA 6000-B96 AGMA STANDARD cop b OSTD-AGNA BOOD-B-ENGL 1996 MM 0687575 O0040b5 927 me i ‘Specification for Measurement of Linear Vibration on Gear Units American {iciacma 6000-896 National [Revision of ANS/AGMA 6000-A88) Standard Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the require- ‘ents for due procase, consensus, and otner criteria for approval have been met by the standards developer. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Reviow, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests, ‘Substantial agroamant means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily une- nimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward thelr resolution. ‘The use of American National Standards Is completely voluntary; their existenoe does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the standards or net, from ‘manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not Contorming to the standards. ‘The American National Standards Institute does not develop etandards and will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National ‘Standardin the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpro- tation of this standard should be addressed to the American Gear Manufacturers ‘Association. CAUTION NOTICE: AGMA technical pubiications are subject to constant improvement, revision, or withdrawal as dictated by experience. Any person who refers to any AGMA, ‘Technical Publication should be sure that the publicetion Is the latest available from the Association on the subject matter. [Tables or other self-supporting sections may be quoted or extractod. Credit lines should read: Extracted from ANSI/AGMA 6000-B96, Specification for Measurement of Linear Vipration on Gear Units, with the permission of the publisher, the American Gear Manufacturers Association, 1500 King Street, Sulte 201, Alexandria, Virginia 22314] ‘Approved September 6, 1996 ABSTRACT ‘This standard presents a method for the measurement of linear vibrations.on agear unit. instrumentation, mea- suring methods, test procedures and discrete frequency vibration limits are recommended for acceptance testing. An annex which lists system effects on gear unit vibration and resporsibility is also provided Published by American Gear Manutacturers Association 1600 King Street, Suite 201, Alexandria, Virginia 22314 Copyright © 1996 by American Gear Manufacturers Association All rights reserved. "No part ofthis publicetion may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retieval system or otherwise, without prior written permission ofthe publisher. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1-85580-868-9 cot by san A OB 16 STD-AGMA BOOO-B-ENGL 2996 MM Ob87575 0004070 645 a AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSUAGMA 6000-98 Contents Foreword ........ : ce settee iv Scope . References... Definitions: ‘Application Inetrumantation 0.645 Vibration measurement Test conditions Acceptable levels .. Measurement report Tables 1. Applicable vibration instrumentation standards 2 Preferable units for vibration measurements eeronauns Figures 1 Displacement limits ... 2 Velocity limits 2 Accoloration limite... Annexes ‘A. Relationship between displacement, velocity and acceleration waveforms .... 9 B System effects and responsibilty .. betes 13 © 180 vibration rating curves. wee 16 Metric to non-motric conversion of vibration measurements 19 E Bibliography ........sseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee a fot b san A OB 16 STD-AGMA GOOD-B-ENGL 15956 MM Ob487575 0004071 Sas mm ANSV/AGMA 6000-B96 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Foreword {The foreword, footnotes, and annexes, if any, in this document are provided for informational purposes only and are not to be construed as a part of ANSVAGMA Standard 6000-896, Specification for Measurement of Linear Vibration on Gear Units.) ANSI/AGMA 6000-A88 included end superseded the information previously published in ‘AGMA 426.01 (1872), Specification for Measurement of Lateral Vibration on High Speed Helical and Herringbone Gear Units. Performance of driven equipment is dependent upon the individual characteristics of the prime mover, gear unit, driven machine and support structure, as well as their combined ‘effects as a system, The proper assessment of performance characteristics is essential for realistic evaluation, The knowledge and judgment required to properly evaluate the gear Unit vibration comes primarily from years of accumulated experience in designing, manufacturing, and operating gear units. For these reasons, the use of this standard and {he evaluation of test results for specific gear product applications should only be attempted by experienced personnel. ‘The complexity of gear vibration phenomena makes most vibration standards dificult to ‘apply or to properly interpret. The AGMA Acoustical Technology Committee developed the -Specttication or Measurement of Linear Vibration on Gear Units to provide a common basis for communication between project engineers, gear manufacturers, and users. The purpose was, also, to encourage the maximum practical degree of uniformity and consistency among vibration measurement practices within the gear industry, Because of he wide variation of gear driven systems and structural supports, ANSVAGMA 6000-AB8 identified certain areas where special considerations might be necessary and must be agreed upon between purchaser and gear manufacturer when discussing gear vibrations. ANSV/AGMA 6000-A88 was approved as a standard by the AGMA membership in May 1988 and approved as an American National Standard on June 16, 1988. ANSI/AGMA 6000-B96 Is a revision of ANSVAGMA 6000-A88. The revision includes Clarification of application of the standard, changes to annex A, and the addition of a new ‘annex G, from ISO 8579-2, ANS|/AGMA 6000-B96 was approved as a standard by the AGMA membership in June 1996, and approved as an American Netional Standard on September 6, 1996. ‘Suggestions for Improvement ofthis standard will be welcome. They should be sent to the ‘American Gear Manufacturers Association, 1500 King Strast, Suite 201, Alexandria, Virginia 22314. cot by on Gear Nonirtres cir STD-AGMA BOOO-B-ENGL 1996 MM Ob87575 COO4072 43. a AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ‘ANSVAGMA 6000-B96 PERSONNEL of the AGMA Acoustical Technology Committee Chairman: E. Wud! Cummins Engine Co. View Chairman: R.A. Schunck + The Falk Corporation ACTIVE MEMBERS J.B. Amendola. ... MAAG Gear Company, Lid WA. Bradley ...... Consuttant DD.BENKE essere «Twin Dis, ne. ©. Bowes General Motors Corporation G. Matson Caterpitar, inc. wb. Radovich . Davis-Standars ASSOCIATE MEMBERS DLL. Borden ...... ++ Gear Research Institute D.Cressman ... Philadelphia Mixers Corp. MF. Dalton +» General Electric Company PR. Dickson oe Bay City iron Works, ine. JM, Franchuk ‘WesTech Gear Corporation DR. Houser +++ Ohio State University T. Kennan - Emerson Power Trans. Corp. Ad. Lemanski ... sesreseses Penn State University L Uoyd ve Lufkin industries, inc. W. Mark, Penn State University DA McCarroll os... veces The Gleason Works W. Nageli .. . MAAG Gear Company, Lid. M.W. Neesiey - WesTech Gear Corporation SAR Partridge... ‘euro Lutkin by RL Platt General Motors Corporation D.C. Root. Otis Elevator SIMONE sees eeeeee «ves es Emerson Power Transmission N. Sonti Penn State University FA Thoma .. FA Thoma, Inc. D. Thurman vessssesvees ++ Caterpillar, Inc, K Umezawa . Japan Gear Manufacturing Co. M. Voight .. General Motors Corporation STD-AGNA BOOO-B-ENGL 1995p MM 0687575 OOO4O?73 358 ANSI/AGMA 6000-896 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD This page is intentionally left blank. er Monaro cot by cot byt STD-AGMA BOOO-B-ENGL 1996 MMH Ob87575 COO4O74 294 mm AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ‘ANSVAGMA 6000-B96 American National Standard — Specification for Measurement of Linear Vibration on Gear Units 1 Scope This standard presents a method for measuring steady state ftered linear vibrations of a gear unit. ‘Types of instrumentation, measurement methods, und testing procedures for the determination of linear vibration levels for specific types of gear units are provided. Vibration imits at discrete frequencies are recommended for acceptance testing. It Is not the intent of this standard to provide unfitered limits. The recommended limits and conditions specified herein are intended as the vibration ortteria for performance of the gear drive during the equipment ‘manufacturer's test when specifically agreed to by the manufacturer and purchaser. ‘This standard is specifically applicable to enclosad ‘speed reducing or incroasing goar drive units designed, rated, and lubricated in accordance with ANSI/AGMA product standards as indicated in 4.3. This standard does not apply to integrated systems, ‘shaft-mounted units, special or auxiliary drive trang of power take-off gears. Vibration ampiftudes exceeding the recommendations of this specifica: tion for drives with flexible housings or on flexible supports may also be allowable if accounted for in the design. Acceptable limits for this type of equipment should be independently spectted. However, if negotiated, this standard may be applied ‘to such equipment. Torsional and transient vibrations of a geared systern are not included in this standard. NOTE: Compliance with this standard does. not cconatitule @ warranty of the measured gear unit's performance under installed field service conditions. cn Geor Nonitactters scone Five annexes are for reference only and are not a part of this standard, Annex illustrates the relationship between vibratory displacement, velocity end acceleration waveforms. Annex B discusses systems effects and responsibilty. Annex C presants five classes of gear unit vibration rating and a subjective procedure for selecting the proper rating based on the application and transmitted power. ‘Annex D gives the conversion of metric, SI units to non-metric (inch) units. ‘Annex E contains a bibliography. 2 References ‘The following standards contain provisions which, through reference inthis text, constitute provisions of thie American Netional Standard, At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All ‘standards are subject to revision, and parties to ‘agreements based on this American National Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibil- ity of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. ANSI-S2.2-1959 (F1990), Methods for the Calibration of Shock and Vibration Pickups ANSI-S2.4-1976 (1990), Methods for Specifying the Characteristics of Auxilary Analog Equipment for Shock and Vibration Measurements ANSI-S2.10-1971 (R1990), Method for Analysis and Presentation of Shock and Vibration Data ANSI-Z24.21-1954 (R1989), Spocifying the Char- acteristics of Pickups for Shock and Vibration Measurements 180 1925:1990, Mechanical vibration — Balancing - Vocabulary ISO 2041:1990, Vibration and shock ~ Vocabulary ISO 2954:1975, Mechanical vibration of rotating ‘and reciprocating machinery ~ Requirements for instruments for measuring vibration severity cot byt STD-AGMA BOOO-B-ENGL 1996 MM Ob87575 OOD4075 120 mm ANSVAGMA 6000-B96 3 Definitions The following definitions are provided to identity specifi terms and phrases used in this standard. The terms used, wherever noted, conform with iSO 1925, Balancing vocabulary, SO 2041, Vibration and shock - Vocabulary or ANSI S1.1, Acoustical Terminology (Including Mechanical Shack and Vibration), acceleration: A vector that specifies the time derivative of velocity (ISO 2041 - 1.08). accelerometer: A transducer which converts an input acceleration to an output that is proportional to ‘he input acceleration (ses definition of transducer). bearing block: The structural component which supports the bearing. It may be part of the housing ‘casing or supported inside the oil-retaining casing bearing Journal: That part of arotor (shat) which is in contact with or supported by @ bearing in which it revolves (ISO 1925 ~ 2.4), displacement: A vector quantity that specifies the ‘change of position of a body, or particle, with reepect 10 a reterence ttame (ISO 2041 - 1.01). discrete frequency: A single frequency of vibration that is generated by a gear unit component. filter: A device for separating oscillations on abasis of their frequency. It introduces relatively emall attenuation to wave oscillations in one or more frequency bands, and relatively large attenuation 10 wave oscillations of other frequencies (ISO 2041 — B14) frequency: The reciprocal of the fundamental period (time rate of repetition of a periodic phenomenon) NOTE: Tho unit of frequoncy ie the hertz (Hz), which corresponds to one cycle per second (ISO 2041 — 2.028). linear vibration: A vibration in which the focus of a vibrating point isa straight ine (ISO 2041 - 2.046) non-contact probe: A non-contacting transducer which converts an input distance or dispiacement into an electrical output that is proportional to the input distance or displacement. Peak value: The maximum value of a quantity (acceleration, velocity, displacement) during a given Interval (SO 2041 - 2.036). cn Geor Nonitactters scone AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD peak-to-peak value (ot an oscillating quantity): The algebraic difference between the extreme values of the quantity (ISO 2041 - 2.097). Fesonancs: Resonance of a system in forced ‘oscilation exists when any change, however emall, in the frequency of excitation causes a decrease in the response of the system (ISO 2041 - 2.074), transducer: A device designed to receive energy from one system and supply energy, of either the ‘same or ofa different kind, to another system in such manner that the desired characteristics ofthe input energy appears at the output (ISO 204% - 4.01) velocity: A vector that specifies the time derivative of displacement ($0 2041 ~ 1.02). vibration: The variation with ime of the magnitude of a quantity which is descriptive of the motion or position of a mechanical system, when the magn: ‘ude is aliernately greater and smaller tan some average value or reference (ISO 2041 - 2.001). 4 Application 4.4. Unit type limitations ‘This standard applies only to power transmission gear units. comprised of a gear train and the necessary bearings and shafts in an individual housing. The gear unit should be tested in a manner ‘to minimize system effects such as listed in annex B Acceptable limits for tests of geared equipment outside the scope of this standard should be independently specified. However, if negotiated, this standard or thers may be applied to such equipment. 42 System considerations Vibration fevels of the gear unit in field service may be adversely affected by factors not under the Control of the gear manufacturer, as listed in annex B. Therefore, gear manufacturers cannot be held esponsibie for higher vibration levels resulting from environmental and system influences in field Installation. CAUTION: System effects should be analyzed during {he intial design stage of a transmission system. The responsibilty for this analysis must be cleely defined ‘during this stage. All eyetem component manufactur fers should be made aware of this decision on responsibilty. cot byt STD-AGMA bOOO-B-ENGL L99b MM Ob87575 OOO407L Ob? mm AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD .2 Applicable designs This standard applies to gear units designed generally in accordance with the following standards: ANSI/AGMA 6010-E88, Standard! for Spur, Helical, Herringbone, and Bevel Enciosed Drives. ANSYAGMA 6011-G92, Specification for High ‘Speed Helical Gear Units. ANSV/AGMA 6017-E86 (R1994), Rating and Ap- plication of Single and Multiple Reduction, Double— Enveloping Worm and Helical Worm Speed Reducers. ANSYAGMA 6019-£89 (R1994), Standard for Gearmotors Using Spur, Helical, Herringbone, Straight Bevel and Spiral Bevel Gears. ANSVAGMA 6034-894, Practice for Enclosed Cylindrical Wormgeer Speed Reducers and Gearmotors. 5 Instrumentation 5.1 Type Vibration shall be measured with any transducer and instrument that has a known accuracy and linear ‘output proportional to acceleration, veloctty, or displacement across @ known frequency range. The type and use of vibration instrumentation systems should conform to the applicable sections of the standards listed in table 1. An instrument capable of frequency analysis is necessary Its fiter must be capable of differentiating between the various exist- ing discrete frequencies. The instrument frequency range chall be capable of measuring the lowest shaft rotational speed, and should be able to indicate at least three times the highest tooth mesh frequency, ANSVAGMA 6000-896 ‘CAUTION: The instrumentation may indioste an erro- neous vibration level due to its response imitations, transducer mounting resonarice, and electrical OF neti feds. 5.2 Transducers ‘The type of transducer for vibration measurement must be suitable for the method of measurement, and it must be used within its calibrated limits ‘Transducer calibration must be valid for the method of mounting used. 5.2.1 Housing transducers The recommended type of transducer for the measurement of housing vibration is @ contact type, {0 be used in conformance with tha manufacturer's, tecommendations. The mounting method may affect the frequency response ofthe transducer. The recommended mounting s with a screw, stud, clamp cr bonding material. However, magnetic mountings ‘acceptable up to approximately 3000 Hz for light Weight accelerometers, providing the magnet is suitable for the acceleration level. Handheld contact. measurements may be acceptable to about 500 Hz depending on the transducer and the individual's ability to track the motion. 5.2.2 Shaft transducers All transducers are acceptable provided that the manufacturer's limits are not exceeded. The recom- mended type of transducer for the measurement of ‘shaft vibration is a non-contact probe which mea- sures the relative vibration between the shaft and the bearing housing. Depending upon instrumentation, ‘a noncontacting probe may be used up to frequen- cies of 10000Hz, Typical use of contacting probesis limited to @ frequency range of 10-120 Hz and a surface rubbing velocity of less than $0.5 mis. Table 1 - Applicable vibration Instrumentation standards Number Title "ANSI-S2.2 | Methods for the Calibration of Shock and Vibration Pickups: ANSI-S2.4 | Methods for Specifying the Characteristics of Auxiliary Analog Equipment for Shock and Vibration Measurements ANS|-S2.10__ | Method for Analysis and Presentation of Shock and Vibration Data |ANSI-Z24.21 | Method for Specitying the Characteristics of Pickups for Shock and Vibration Measurements 1$0 2954 | Mechanical Vibration of Rotating and Reciprocating Machinery - Requirements for Instruments for Measuring Vibration Severity cn Geor nitro cir cot byt STD-AGMA LOOO-B-ENGL 1996 MM 0b87575 0004077 TTI a ‘ANSY/AGMA 6000-898 5.3 Permissible error ‘The measuring instrumentation eystem chall be Capable of indicating vibration level within a permis sible error of 10 percent of reading over the entire operating temperature and frequency range, 5.4 Calibration The vibration readout instrumentation should be checked in accordance with the manufacturers recommendations. If any adjustments are required, ‘they shail be made immediately vefors, and re- checked immediately alter, each series of gear unit vibration measurements ‘These checks shall be augmented by more detailed calibrations of the complete measuring instrumenta- tion system. These should be carried out at least noe every year. The instrument calibration should be made in accordance with manufacturer's recom- mendations or applicable sections in the standards listed in table 1 6 Vibration moasuromont 6.1 Housing measurement Housing vibretion shell be measured on a rigid housing section such as a bearing block, Measure- ments shall not bo taken on rolatively flexible housing sactions such as covers or sidewalls. See annex B for other considerations. Measurements shall be taken in three orthogonal directions, one axial and two which ie ina plane perpendicular tothe rotating axis of the gears, preferably horizontal and vertical. It is recommended that measurements be taken at each externally accessible bearing location ‘on a gear unit. fa bearing block is inaccessible, the earest mounting point may be used. 6.2 Shaft measurement ‘Shan vibration probes shall be iocated as near tothe bearing as possible and non-contact probes should AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD be attached to a rigid housing section. Shaft vibration shell be measured in a plane perpendicular {o the rotational axis, preferably on two axes at right angles. Preferably, the mechanical and electrical runout should not exceed 25 percent ofthe allowable vibration displacement rating, of 6 um whichever is the greater, Probe location should not be at keyway, splines or other shaft discontinuities. Shaft mechay al and electrical runout at the probe locations (if known) may be vectorialy subtracted from the vibration readings to arrive at the actual vibration levels, provided the vactor and phase relationships ‘are maintained between the runout and the vibration measurement. The maximum mechanical and electrical runout under the probe that can be subtracted shall not exceed that of the shaft bearing Journal runout or 26 ym ictal indicator reaaing (TLR), whichever is the smallest. Axial shaft vibration may also be measured. 63 Units of measurement The preferable units of measurement are listed in table 2, 6.4 Measurement data ‘Major vibration levels at discrete frequencies shall be recorded. Fluctuating analog meter readings shall be recorded as a subjective average. The sample rate for digital instrumentation shail be adequate for the frequency measured. Specific operating, instrumentation, and gear unit data shall be recorded (see clause 9). 7 Test conditions ‘The vibration test for a gear unit should be performed in the manufacturer's shop unless otherwise negotiated with the purchaser. STunits Olspia Frequency ‘-P (G's peak) (1 g = 9800 millimeters per second squared) ‘mm/s (milimeters per second, peak) im (micrometers, peak-to-peak) He (hertz) (1 hertz = 1 cycle per second) cn Geor Nonitactters scone cot byt AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD 7.4 Test system arrangement The test transmission system (driver, gear units, and Joad) should preferably be connected by means of the final intended components, if available. If this Is. not possible, the pulley or half ofthe service coupling of an equivalent mass and axial cemter of gravity should be mounted on the gear units shafts. If necessary, other methods of connecting the ‘components may be substituted. ‘The various components of the test arrangement hall be rigidly mounted and properiy aligned, and in their normal operating attitude, unless otherwise negotiated. 7.2 Test conditions of the gear unit For the purposes of vibration measurement tests in accordance with this standard, the following conditions will apply: A gear unit intended for service at fixed constant speed shall bs tested at thet design ‘speed unless otherwise agreed upon between ‘gear manufacturer and purchaser; = The test speeds for a gear unit intended for service over a range of operating speeds shall span that range of operating specds, unless otherwise agreed upon between the ‘manufacturer and the purchaser; Gear units may be operated wth or without load at the gear manufacturer's discretion unless specifictest loads, agreed upon between the gear ‘manufacturer and tne purchaser, are stated inthe purchase contract; = The direction of rotation during the test shall be the same as that intended in service, If known; = Vibration measurements shall be made after the gear unit is operating within its design temperature range. In individual cases, especially where unusually high ‘speeds or powers are involved, alternate operating conditions may be negotiated and supported by calculations to indicate that the alternate conditions ‘are equivalent to the specified conditions, 8 Acceptable levels 8.1 Vibration level The recommended maximum allowable lovols of housing vibration in terms of displacement, velocity, cn Geor Nonitactters scone M™ 0687575 0004078 937 me ANSVAGMA 6000-B96 ‘and acceleration are given in figures 1 through 3. Each of these characteristics is plotied against frequency. It is, therefore, important to note only fitered measurements may be used in entering these figures. Furthermore, several components of vibration at different frequencies may acceptably ‘exist at the same time, each atthe allowable limit for that trequency, as determined from the curves. itis. necessary to use equipment capable of frequency ‘analysis for this purpose. Care should be taken to assure that this equipment can resolve the vibration Into individual component frequencias so that & lagitimate comparison can be made withthe figures. At present, experience suggests two classes of vibration levels are adequate to cover most appiica- tions. These classes are defined below. A separate curve for each of the two classes is shown in figures 1 through 3. 841.1 Class A Less than or equal to 25.4 m/s pitch line velocity. The recommended limits of Class A apply 10 all ‘applicationsin this speed range except those special cases covered by contract negotiations. 8.1.2 Class B Greater than 25.4 m/s pitch line velocity. In addition to units with pitch line velocities in this range, slower units where Class B limits are desired ‘could be included in this class if negotiated between manufacturer and purchaser. 8.2 Radial shaft displacement limits ‘Axial shaft displacement limits are not specified in this standard. The displacement limits of figure 1 are Intended for use in measuring gear unit bearing housing vibration. The same limits can be used in connection with radial shaft motion; but only if mutually agreed upon by manufacturer and purchas- er. This results in a more stringent specification because shaft motion will usually be greater than ‘corresponding housing vibration displacement. ‘Shaft vibration measurements may become unreli- able at values of less than 13 jum peak to-peak because of mechanical and electrical eccentricities, out-of-roundness, and errors, In those cases where It Is desirable to measure vibration at lower levels, special considerations must be taken. cot byt ANSVAGMA 0000-B96 MH O0b87575 0004075 87> mm x o 2 Class A: for PL 225.4 mys Class B: for PLV> 25.4 m/s 500] 80! 100 50 10] Peak-to-peak displacement, jm 26| 200 300 400 500 Frequency (H2) 20 4040-80 "00 Figure 1 - Displacement limits 100 76 Slavs A: for PLY «25.4 mis ‘Glass B: for PLY > 25.4 mis Poak velocity, mmis 15 7200 300400500 1000 Frequency (Hz) Figure 2 - Velocity limite 1020 904050 100 cn Geor Nonitactters scone AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD & f © S ® tee % ® ‘$000 2000 «6000 10000 cot byt M™O0bA7575 OOD4D8O 598 a AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ‘500 fe Class A: for PLY 25.4 mvs Clase B: for PLY > 25.4 ws: 3 8 Peak acceleration, m/s” 8 100 200300, Frequency (H2) Figure 3 — Acceleration limits 8.3 Test system limits Gear units may exhibit excessive vibrations which are caused by factors beyond the control ofthe gear unit manufacturer, either during shop testing or in normal service. Some of these factors may be unsuitable foundations and reactions from driving and driven equipment. in such cases, vibration analysis must be carriad out on all components of the system in order to locate the source of the vibrations {(s9e annex B). 9 Measurement report Tho vibration measurement report shall, when agreed upon between the manufacturer and the cn Geor nitro cir 300 000 ANSYAGMA 6000-B96 % ke \ fe, Baa wT a purchaser, include the following items. Additional items may be included, if necessary. type and definition of the gear unit Investigated (see clause 4); test condition (see clause 7). Special atten: tion is to be drawn to any deviation from the conditions spocified in clauso 7; = descriptions ot tne test incluaing arrangement of the gear unit and position of ‘measurement points; = _listofthe measuring instrumentation used, by make and type; test measurement data WH 0b87575 OO040L 424 a ‘ANSYAGMA 6000-B96 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD This page is intentionally ieft blank. cot by san A OB 16 sr Monfarets Wm 0587575 OOO4Da2 360 mm AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ‘ANSVAGMA 6000-896 Annex A (informative) Relationship between displacement, velocity and acceleration waveforms {The foreword, footnotes, and annexes, if any, are provided for informational purposes only and should not be construed as a part of ANSYAGMA 6000-896, Specification for Measurement of Linear Vibration on Gear Units. AA Purpose ‘This annex outlines the relationship between dis- placement, velocity and acceleration waveforms. A2 Waveform relationship ‘The general solution of any periodic sinusoidal waveform can be defined as: X=Csin ot + D cos at (AA) where t isthe time; © isthe clroular frequency. ‘The particular equation which best expresses the ‘motion of an undamped simple harmonic vibrationis: X= Deosat (AQ) where D__ isinitia displacement. His the displacement at any time then D = Xoat 1=0. Therefore rewriting equation A.2: X= Xq00s ot Differentiating with respect to time: Ce) Displacement “Time period, «(1 full eycie) vn dilde = 0 Xp sin wt where ¥ Ie volostty at time « Differentiating a second time: AAA) a= dude = -w? Xp cos wt where a isacceleration. ‘See figure A.1 NOTE: Asafunction oftime, velocity and acceleration lead displacement by x2 (# 90°) and x (= 180°), rospoctivaly. A3 Simple harmonic mation as) ‘The relationship of force (#), mass (m) and accalera- tion (a) is expressed in Newton's Second Law. Fema (AS) where F isthe torce; m_—isthe mass; a Isthe acceleration. 180° 270" Figure A.1 — Waveform cot by san A OB 16 mm 0b87575 0004083 277 ANSVAGMA 6000-B96 It @ spring in a spring-mass system is stretched a distance by the weight of the mass, the spring rate developed by the spring can be expressed as (K) measured in N/mm (see figure A.2). If the spring mass systemis further elongatedby adisplacement, then a force equation of equilibrium can be writen as: PeKx=0 AAT) Rewriting F+KXpcosar=0 (A8) or F=-RXp cos or (As) Substituting equation AS and A9 in Newton's Second Law: (AAO) {A.11) mu? X) cas ot KX) cos wt of(A12) Figure A.2 - Spring-mass AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ‘A4 Relative amplitudes It is important to note that the relative amplitudes ‘of displacement, velocity and acceleration are functions of tne frequency of the vibration. Example: The velocity and acceleration of a 25 mm net peak-to-peak vibration at 10 Hz, 100 Hz and 1000 Hz are shown in table A.1. ‘AS Amplitude relationships ‘A vibration, wnen given by a simple sinusoidal function, F() = A sin ow, has the amplitude relationship as shown in figure A. Frequency = 1/7 cycles per second = 1/T Hz whore @ Is the circular frequency (= 2n/7 rad/s); A isthe peak ampinuce; 2A Is the peak-to-peak amplitude; A/ /2is the RMS ampiitude. 3 f 3 i Time period, 7 [1 Gyele] Time Figure A.3 — Vibration amplitude relationships ‘Table A.1 - Amplitude relationships Displacement ‘Acceleration Frequency (peak-to-peak) Velocity: ‘Veloolty (peak) (peak) Hz mm mm/s mm/s m/s? po 5 0885 0.785 0048 7 190 25 6.55 7.85 4.98 +1000 25 55.5 78.5 493.0 10 sr Monfarets AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD mm oba7s75 OOONDa4 133 mm ANSI/AGMA 6000-596 100 50 26 8 10 70 50 Peak velocity, mm/s 25 18 8 828 Frequency, Hz g 8 Figure A.4 — Vibration comparison nomograph " cot by sr Monfarets san A OB 16 MH 0687575 OO04085 O7T a ANSVAGMA 6000-96 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD This page is intentionally left blank. 2 cot by san A OB 16 sr Monfarets cot byt STD-AGMA BOOO-B-ENGL 199b MM OLS7575 OOO48b TOb Mm AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSV/AGMA 6000-B96 Annex B (informative) ‘System effects and responsibility [The foreword, footnotes, and annexes, it any, are provided for informational purposes only and should nat be construed as a part of ANSV/AGMA 6000-806, Specification for Measurement of Linear Vibration on Gear Units. B.1 Purpose Vibrations measured on @ gear unit wil contain ‘components, not only from within the gear unit, but from other sources within the system in which it is, running. The actual levels measured will depend upon how these other source vibrations are magni- fied, coupled and transmitted from their origin to the measuring positions on the gear unit. This annex lists some of the eystem factors which should be considered. B.2 Typloal system influence factors Usted below are examples of factors which should always be considered when assessing the levels of ‘measured vibration: 8.2.1 Prime mover vibration sources: = internal combustion engine forcing functions; hydraulic motor forcing functions; = electric motor armature off of magnetic center; - prime mover unbalance. B.2.2 Load characteristics — load changing with speed, such as on fans and impellers; ~ load pulsations, such as with propellers, ‘reciprocating compressors and pumps; = random toad shocks, such as on ore crushers; ~ _acceleration-docoleration effects. B.2.3 Assembly considerations alignment of system components; = securing of components; ~ balance of assemblies, sub-assemblies and parts, cn Geor nitro cir B.2.4 Torsional characteristics of system = torsional stiiness; ~ shafts; ~ couplings; ~ other components. ~ Inertia of rotating elements; system damping; — couplings; = other components, ~ natural frequencies. B25 Lateral characteristics of aystem flexibility; = stability of foundations; method of mounting; = flexibility of components. ~ transmissibility; = mass of component = resonant response. NOTE: Damped non-responsive resonant frequen- cies can be discounted. 8.2.6 Speed ettects = direction of rotation; ~ speed of rotation; = acceleration and deceleration. B.3 Responsibility ‘The factors listed in B.2 can aftnc the performance of a gear unit in service. Often hese factors will be beyond the contro! of the gear unit manufacturer. ‘Therefore, the manufacturer cannot be held asponsible for any resulting adverse effects. ‘System effects should be analyzed during the intial design stage of a transmission system. The responsibility for this analysis must be clearly defined during this stage. All eystem component manufacturers. should be made aware of this

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