In which setup is Assertion-Reason Questions

lime water expected to be the

cloudiest? Direction(0. Nos. 1-6) In each of the following
(a) Setup P Competency Based Que.
(b) Setup Q of.Assertion (A) is
(c) SetupR
(d) Setup S
questions,a statement
corresponding statement of Reason (R). Of the given by the
Sol. (c) In setup R. the lime
water will become cloudy Correct answer 2s
because the plant in this tank cannot statements, mark the
due to a black coating consequently, photosynthesise Rare true and R
is the correct
(a) Both Aand
carbon dioxide
accumulate as respiration occurs continuously. of A
are true, but R is not the
explanali
19. When air is blown from
mouth into a (b) Both A and R COrrect
containing lime water, the lime watertest-tube
explanation of A
due to the presence of turned milky (c) A is true,
but R isfalse
NCERT Exemplar R is true
(a) oxygen (d) A is false, but
(b) carbon dioxide Assertion(A) Respiration
is a biochemical
(c) nitrogen
1.
is opposite to
photosynthesis. process thy
(d) water vapour is during
released

Sol. (b) When air is blown from mouth into

Reason (R) Energy
respiration.
A and R are true and R is the correot
test tube, the Sol. (a) Both
lime water turned milky because the air we breathe out explanation of A.
has more carbon dioxide. respiration. one
2. Assertion (A) In anaerobic of
the end
20. Refer to the given figure and answer the
following product is water.
questions. Competency Based Que. Reason (R)This is an incomplete breakdown of
glucose.
Sol. (d) A is false, but R is true. A can be corrected as
In anaerobic respiration, end products in alcoholie
fermentation are ethanol, carbon dioxide and eneroy
and the end products of anaerobic respiration in msl
cells are lactic acid and energy.
3. Assertion (A) In the cell, ATP is broken down giving fise
to afixed amount of energy which can drive the
endothermic reactions taking place in the cell.
Reason (R)Life processes such as contraction of
r
muscles, conduction of nerve impulse, etc. requires
this energy.
Which of these parts Sol. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
I. are the actual sites of gaseous exchange? explanation of A.
I|. is the common passage for both air and food? 4. Assertion (A) The rate of breathing in aquatic
III. is provided with incomplete cartilaginous rings? organisnms is much slower than that seen in terrestridl
organisms.
IV. relaxes and gets back to its originalshape during
expiration? Reason (R) The amount of oxygen dissolved in water
IS very low as compared to the amount of Oxygen in all
V. moves upwards and outwards during inspiration? CBSE 2021 (Tem

III IV Sol. (d) A is false, but R is true. A can be corrected as

(a) S P r
The rate of breathing in aquatic organis1ms is mucn
faster than that seen in terrestrial animals due to the
(b) S lesser amount of dissolved oxygen in water.
5. Assertion (A) Lungs always contain a residual vou
(c) t P
of air.
(d) r S
Reason (R) It provides sufficient time for oxygen
absorbed and for carbon dioxide to be released.
Sol. (b)

172 AIlinpne Science 10th

 5ol. (a) Both Aand Rare true and R is the correct
explanation of A. () Study the graph below that represents the amount of
energy supplied with respect to the time while an
6. Assertion (A) Haemoglobin is the respiratory athlete is running at fullspeed. What type of
pigment in human beings. respiration does plot Aand plot B represents,
Oeason (R) It is responsible for red colour of
Sol. (b) Both Aand R are true, but Ris not the correct
explanation of A. It can be corrected as
Haemoglobin is the respiratory pigment in
RBCS. respectively?
Justify your answer.
Energy
suppl
(%ied
100T
t. Plot A

beings as it transports oxygen in the humanhuman

75
body. 50

Case Based/Source Based Questions 25 -Plot B

4 Read the following passage and answer the
questions that follows. 3

Traditionally the process of respiration is divided into Time running at full speed (min)
three phases (i) ventilation of the gas exchange Sol. Plot Arepresent aerobic respiration and plot Brepresents
organs better known as breathing, (i) transport of anaerobic respiration.
respiratory gases and (iii) cellular respiration, We Amount of energy is high and consistent in aerobic
assimilate chemical energy from the environment respiration and low in anaerobic. [1+1]
and transfer it from molecule to molecule in a step
wise fashion within our cells. Although studied (ti) What are the characteristics of anaerobic respiration?
separately, these phases representa continuous Sol. Anaerobic respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen.
sequence and processes of cellular respiration in all The end products of anaerobic respiration are lactic acid
life forms is mostly common. or ethanol and carbon dioxide. [1]
(i) In human body, what are the end products when (ii) What are the end products of aerobic respiration?
glucose is metabolised aerobically? Or
Sol. In human body, the end products of aerobic glucose One molecule of pyruvate willyield how many
metabolism are carbon dioxide, water and energy. [2] molecules of carbon dioxide when metabolised
(ii) The energy released during the process of aerobically?
respiration is utilised to synthesise a molecule 'X. Sol. Carbon dioxide, water and energy are the end products or
Name this molecule. of aerobic respiration. [1]
Sol. The energy released during the process of respiration Or
is utilised to synthesise a molecule called as ATP. One molecule of pyruvate will yield 3 molecules of carbon
(i) What is the function of this molecules 'X? dioxide when metabolised aerobically. [1]
Or 3. Read the following passage and answer the questions
that follows.
(ii) Which type of respiration occurs in the
mitochondria of cell? Generally respiration is amultistep enzyme based
Sol. In the cell, ATP is broken down to give rise to fixed biochemical process which breaks the organic
amount of energy. This energy is used as for carrying compounds present in the body cells releasing the
out daily activities like walking, breathing, etc. [1] energy in small packets. When oxygen burns the foodin
the body cells, it releases energy and produce carbon
Or Aerobic respiration occurs in the mitochondria of a dioxide and water as a waste product. These waste
cel. [1] products are eliminated from the body.
2. Read the following passage and answer the () How energy is obtained in the case of higher plants and
questions that follow. animals?
All living cells require energy for various activities. Sol. Energy is needed by all living cells for a variety of
This energy is available by the breakdown of simple functions. In case of higher plants and animals, energy is
carbohydrates either using oxygen or without using obtained by the breakdown of simple carbohydrates either
OXygen. using oxygen or without using oxygen.

Chapter 05(b) : Life Processes: Respiration 173

 (0) Write the pathway of the air in the human body
(i) The graph below
shows the blood lactic acid starting from pharynx.
Concentration of an athlete
Which process has been during a race of 400m ’ Larynx Trachea ’ Bronchi
explained in the graph. Sol. Pharynx
Bronchioles ’ Alveoli
Race of 400 m.
division of trachea that enters the
(i) Name the
12
Bronchi.
lung.
Blood lactic acid 10 Sol.
injurious to health?
Concentration (ii) Why smoking is
(mmol/itre) 6 B Sol. Smoking destroys the cilia located in the upper
tract. Due to destruction of cilia harmful
4
respiratory
enter the lungs and cause
particles from air
30 60
and even cancer. infections
basis of your
Time in seconds
5. Answer the questions on the
understanding of the following passage and
Sol. The graph is depicting anaerobic respiration which
takes studied concepts.
related
place in the absence of oxygen. [1] Regardless of the gas exchange system present,
(iii) Give the balanced eguation showing
anaerobic amount of oxygen that can be carried in solution
respiration in
blood issmall. inthe
(a)Yeast (b) Muscle cells The efficiency of gas exchange in animals is
Sol. Anaerobic respiration in by the presence of respiratory pigments, AlI
enhanCes
(a) Yeast Glucose In cytoplastm 2Pyruvate +Energy respiratory pigments consist of proteins complexed
(6 carbon molecule)
(3 carbon molecule) with iron or copper.
In yeast
’ Ethanol +CO, + Energy They combine reversibly with oxygen and greatly
[1) increase the capacity of blood to transport Oxygen and
(Absence of O,) (2 carbon molecule)
deliver it to the tissues.
(b) Muscle cells Glucose ’2Pyruvate +Energy For example, the amount of oxygen dissolved in the
(6 carbon molecule)
(3 carbon molecule)
Lack of O,
plasma in mammals is only about 2 cm°0, per litre.
>Lactic acid +Energy However, the amount carried bound to haemoglobinis
Muscle cells
(3 carbon molecule) [1] 100 times this. Haemoglobin is the most widely
distributed respiratory pigment and is characteristic o
4. Study the following case carefully and answer the all vertebrates and many invertebrate taxa.
questions that follows. (i) Why does the small and single-celled animals such
The respiratory systemn in human beings serves to asAmoeba, not require any respiratory pigment?
provide fresh oxygen to all body cells and remove Sol. The small and single-celled animals such as Amoeba do
harmful carbon dioxide from body. not require any respiratory pigment because the volun:
Nose of their body is so small that oxygen can be introduced
Nasal passage quickly into the whole body by the process of diffusion12
Pharynx. Trachea (windpipe)
Larynx (ii) What are the consequences of binding of
-Rings of
Bronchi haemoglobin with carbon monoxide?
cartilage
Ribs Sol. Carbon monoxide binds very strongly with haemogobin
the blood and prevents it from carrying oxygen tothe bran
Lung
and other parts of the body.
Respiratory Alveolar
bronchioles sac
(il) Where do you find the respiratory pigment
(haemoglobin) in human bodies?
Sol. Haemoglobin is present in the red blood
corpusclesin

Bronchioles the human blood.

Alveoli Diaphragm

174 AllinOne Science 10th

 Constructed Response (Descriptive) Questions
VeryyShort Answer Type Questions
1. Name the intermediate and end products of Give two reason that make the above statement
breakdown
of glucose in aerobic Correct. Competency Based Que.
respiration.
sol. Intermediate products of breakdown of glucose in Sol. Refer to text on page no. 166 (Respiratory pigment).
aerobic respiration are pyruvic acid and
End products of breakdown of glucose inenergy.
9. Why carbon dioxide is mostly transported
respirationare CO,, H,0 and energy. aerobic in dissolved form?
Sol. Carbon dioxide is mostly transported in
2. One point which is common for both aerobic and dissolved form because it is more soluble in water than
anaerobic respiration.
Oxygen.
Sol. In and aerobic respiration
both anaerobic
glucose as a
substrate undergoes the oxidative breakdown. Short Answer Type Questions
lfa plant is releasing carbon dioxide and taking in
1. Write the main difference between aerobic and
oxvgen during the day, does it mean that there is no
nhotosynthesis occurring? Justify your answer. anaerobic respiration. State the pathway which is
common for both. Write the overall chemical
Competency Based Que. equation of aerobic respiration and mention the site
cal Release of CO, and intake ofO, suggests that either where this process occurs inside the cells. cBSE 2024
photosynthesis is not taking place or its rate is too low. Sol. The difference between aerobic and anaerobic
Normally during the day, CO, generated during respiration are as follows
respiration is used up in photosynthesis, hence there is no
CO, toliberate into the atmosphere, i.e. rate of Aerobic respiration Anaerobic respiration
photosynthesis is much more than the rate of respiration. Type of respiration that Type of respiration that
Instead, oxygen release is the major event at this time. occurs in the presence of occurs in the absence of
4, Arrange the organs of the human respiratory system in OXygen. OXVgen.
a proper logical sequence Competency Based Que. [1]
Bronchi, lungs, nose, trachea, pharynx Glycolysis is the pathway that is common for both
Sol. The correct sequence of human respiratory system is aerobic and anaerobic respiration. [1]
Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs. Aerobic respiration occur inside the mitochondria of
5. Give the path travelled by a molecule of oxygen when it the cells. The overall chemical equation for aerobic
enters the body. respiration is
Glucose +0,CO, +water +energy
Sol. The following pathway is travelled by a molecule of
oxygen when it enters the body. 2. Write two different ways in which glucose is
oxidised to provide energy in human body. Write the
Nostrils Trachea ’Bronchus ’ Bronchiole -’ Alveolus products formed in each case.
’ Blood ’Tissues. CBSE 2019
Sol. Glucose utilisation in our body depends upon oxygen
6. Why does the air passage not collapse when there is
no air in it? availability, i.e.
(i) In the presence of oxygen (aerobic respiration)
O. The air passage, i.e. trachea is supported by incomplete Glucose
cartilaginous rings, which prevent its collapsing in the ’Pyruvate+ Energy
(In cytoplasn1)
absence of air.
(Presence of oxygen)
I While breathing out, point out the changes you think (In mitochondria)
6CO, +6H,0+ Energy
0ccur in diaphragm.
Sol. The (ii) In the lack of oxygen (lactic acid fermentation)
diaphragm relaxes when we breathe out. This
Glucose ’ Pyruvate +
cOmpresses the chest cavity forcing the air out of lungs. Energy
Oxygen mostly is carried byapigment in our blood (Lack of oxYgen) Lactic acid +
(ln muscle cells) (2 molecules) Energy
Wnereas carbon dioxide is transported in dissolved
form in our blood. [1½+12]

Chapter 05(b) : Life Processes : Respiration 175

 the bodyalso start respiring
:
Some parts of
3. () Aproduct is
formed in the cytoplasm of our
muscles due to the breakdown to compensate
the increasing oxygen demand
also startsin the
anaeroNSarbicalesy
there is a lack of oxygen, Name oftheglucose when
also mention the effect of product and
lactic acid accumulation
which we experience muscle fatigue.
muscles diue lo
product. build up of this to show the breakdown of
Drawa flowchart
(i) Differentiate between
fermentation in yeast and
6.
varlous pathways. glucose by
aerobic respiration on the page no. 163,
formed. basis of end products Sol. Refer to text and fig. on
Competency Based Que. 7. () State the role of A
ATP in cellular respiration,.
Sol. () Lactic acid is formed
in the cytoplasm of our sufficient exchange of
muscle cells when there is a (II) What ensures gases In
Formation and accumulationlack of oxygen.
of lactic acid in
plants?
muscles causes cramps and muscle (I) Statethe conditions on which the direction of
fatigue. [1+1] diffusion of gases in plant depend upon,
(ii) During fermentation in yeast,
ethanol
while in aerobic respiration, carbon is formed, CBSE 202
water are formed. The energy (ATP)dioxide and Sol. (i) ATP issconsidered as energy Currency of cell. Itis
released in the as a fuel in various cellular activities such as used
process of fermentation is very less as
compared to
energy released in the aerobic respiration. contraction of nmuscles, contractions of f nerve
4. (() n the process of respiration, [1) proteins synthesis, etc. impulse,
of alveoli. state the function
(ii) Stomata and large intercellular spaces present
(i)Rate of breathing in aquatic throughout the plant body ensures the sufficient
faster than that in terrestrialorganisms
organisms.
is much
exchange of gases in plant.
reasons. Give
(ii) The direction of diffusion mainly depends upon
(iii) Complete the following pathway environmental conditions and requirement of plant. (1)
breakdown of glucose showing the
8. Write one important function for each of the following
In cytoplasm in the human respiratory system CBSE 2023
Glucose >(a)
(6carbon (3-carbon (i) Rings of cartilage
molecules) molecules (ii) Alveoli
+ Energy)
(iii) Haemoglobin
Presence of O2
in mitochondria
(b) -+ H,0+ Energy (iv) Lining of mucus
CBSE 2020 Sol. (1) Rings of cartilage They ensure that air passage does
Sol. (i) The exchange of gases (CO, out, O, in) takes place not collapse.
through the walls of lung alveoli. [1] (ii) Alveoli They increase the surface area for exchange of
(iü) Rate of breathing in aquatic organism is much gases in lungs.
faster than that of terrestrial organism because the (ii) Haemoglobin It is a respiratory pigment present in
water has less dissolved O, content, so these RBCs which takes up the oxygen fromn the air in lungs
organisms breathe fast to obtain more O,. [1] and carries it to the tissues.
(iiü) (a) Pyruvic acid (iv) Lining of mucus These along with fine hairs are
(b) CO, [2+] present in nostrils which help to filter the air entering
through nostrils.
5. What is the logicbehind the heavy breathing as we 9. What is the role of respiratory pigment in
climb up a mountain?
Give one example. respirationt
Sol. When we climb up a mountain, the breathing rate Sol. Animals have large body size due to which the
becomes faster. As we continue to climb, we start
breathing deeper and heavier, (i.e. start gasping.) This pressure alone cannot deliver oxygen to all partsdiffusion
of the
occurs because increased physical activity or exercise body.
needs more energy. Therefore, the respiratory pigments take up oxygen tron
Thus,to fulfill this need, the rate of respiration increases. the lungs and carry it to the tissues. which are deficient n
However at higher altitudes, lesser oxygen is available. To Oxygen.
ensure the oxygen availability, we start breathing faster. Haemoglobin is respiratory pigment found in the Red
Blood Cells (RBCs) of human beings.

176 Allinone science 10th

10. ldentifythe narts correctly matched with description
(ii) Expiration Ribs move down and diaphragm
g i v e nb e l o w .
becomes dome-shaped decreasing thechest cavity.
()Small pores present in woody plants for gaseous
Thus, pushing the air out from lungs.
exchange.

3. Carefully observe the figure given below and answer

surface in humans.
Respiratory
) the following questions
surface of earthworms.
Respiratory
(i)
respiration.
iv)Primary organ of
() Cartilaginous flap. A

Mi) Contraction andi relaxation of these changes the B

thoracic volume. Competency Based Que.
sol. ( ) Lenticels

(ii)Alveoli

(ii) Skin
H -F
(iv) Lungs
(r) Epiglottis
(1i) Intercostal muscles
() ldentify the part from the above diagram which
flattens during inhalation.
(i) ldentify the part from the above diagram which
Long Answer Type Questions terminates in balloon-like structure.
(iii) ldentify the part from the above diagram which
.Ihat are the different ways in which glucose is protects the lungs.
Oxidised to provide energy in various organisms? (iv) What would be the consequences of deficiency of
Or
haemoglobin in our bodies? Competency Based Que.
Explain the three pathways of breakdown of glucose in Sol. (1) F(Diaphragm) [1]
living organisms. NCERT Exemplar
Sol. Refer to text on page no. 162 and 163.
(ii) H (Bronchioles) [1]
(ii) E(Ribs) [1]
2. Describe the process of breathing in human beings. (iv) The deficiency of haemoglobin in the blood of a
NCERT Exemplar
person reduces the oxygen carrying capacity of blood
sol. Breathing in human involves three following steps resulting in breathing problems, tiredness and lack of
() Inspiration When we breathe in, ribs move up and energy.The person look pale and loses appetite. [21
fatten the diaphragm, due to which the chest cavity 4. (0) Why is there adifference in the rate of breathing
becomes larger. Expansion of the chest cavity creates between aquatic organisms and terrestrial
apartial vacuum in the chest cavity. As a result, air is organisms? Explain.
sucked into the lungs and fills the expanded alveoli. (ii) Drawa diagram of human respiratory system and
(ü) Gaseous exchange Haemoglobin binds with the label-pharynx, trachea, lungs, diaphragm and
oxygen and carries it along the blood in the body. As alveolar sac on it.
blood passes through the tissues of the body, oxygen Sol. (i) Rate of breathing is faster in aquatic organisms as
from the blood diffuses into the cell, whereas carbon compared to terrestrial organisms because the
dioxide which is produced during respiration diffuses amount of dissolved oxygen in water is lower as
into the blood from tissues. It is then carried to lungs constrast to the amount of oxygen in air.
for [21
expiration. (ii) Refer to diagram on page no. 164. [3]

Chapter 05(b) : Life Processes: Respiration 177