Std: IX Subject: Biology

➢
Respiration In Plants

➢ Respiration: It is a catabolic process of releasing energy from glucose and other

organic molecules (enzymes) for carrying out life processes.
➢ Types of respiration: Depending on the use of oxygen it is classified as:
o Aerobic Respiration and
o Anaerobic Respiration.
➢ Aerobic or Oxybiotic respiration:
o Aerobes: Organisms that respires aerobically are termed aerobes.
o Definition: Aerobic respiration is a catabolic process of releasing energy from
complete oxidation of glucose and other organic molecules (enzymes) with the
formation of carbon dioxide and water as end products.
o Equation: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + 38ATP (energy/heat).
o It proceeds only with oxygen.
o Note: Commonly respiration refers to aerobic respiration.
o Site of aerobic respiration: Cytoplasm and Mitochondria.
o Characteristics:
▪ The living cell oxidizes organic substances (glucose) and releases
carbon dioxide, water and energy.
▪ The breakdown of glucose (C6H12O6) to carbon dioxide and water
occurs in a series of chemical steps.
o Source of Respiration: There are two sources – Oxygen and Glucose.
▪ Oxygen: Oxygen diffuses in and out of the cell through:
o Stomata present in leaves.
o Lenticels present in old woody stem.
o General surface of the roots.
▪ Glucose: Glucose is manufactured by the plant by the process of
photosynthesis and stored in the cytoplasm as starch granules.
o Exchange of gases:
▪ Entire plant body respires day and night.
▪ During the day:
• By the process of photosynthesis, leaves produce oxygen, some of
which is used for respiration and rest is diffused out.
 •Carbon dioxide produced by respiration is used by leaves as raw
material for photosynthesis process.
▪ During the night: Leaves get oxygen from the atmosphere through the
plant surface and gives out carbon dioxide.
o Process:
▪ Two major stages are:
• Glycolysis: (glucose → pyruvate or pyruvic acid) occurring in
the cytoplasm, does not need oxygen.
• Krebs cycle: (pyruvate or pyruvic acid → CO2 + H2O + ATP)
occurring in the mitochondria, and needs oxygen.
▪ Each breakdown step takes place with a specific enzyme.
▪ The energy liberated in the breakdown of the glucose molecule is in the
form of heat energy and chemical energy in the form of a chemical
substance called adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
▪ ATP – The energy currency of the cell. Immediate
source of energy for all activities within a living cell is
stored in the form of a chemical compound called
Adenosine Tri Phosphate – ATP.
Hence, ATP is referred to as “The energy
currency of the cell.”

➢ Anaerobic or anoxybiotic respiration:

o Anaerobes: Organisms that respires anaerobically are termed anaerobes.
o Definition: Anaerobic respiration is a catabolic process of releasing little energy
from incomplete oxidation of glucose and other organic molecules (enzymes)
with the formation of ethanol (ethyl alcohol) and carbon dioxide
as end products.
o Equation: C6H12O6𝑬𝒏𝒛𝒚𝒎𝒆 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 + 2ATP
o It proceeds without oxygen.
o Site of anaerobic respiration: Cytoplasm.
o Process:
▪ Two major stages are:
• Glycolysis: (glucose → pyruvate or pyruvic acid) occurring in
the cytoplasm, does not need oxygen.
• Formation of ethanol: (pyruvate or pyruvic acid → Ethanol +
CO2 + 2ATP) occurring in the cytoplasm, without oxygen.
▪ Each breakdown step takes place with a specific enzyme.
➢ Difference between:
o Plant respiration and photosynthesis:

Photosynthesis Respiration
Oxygen is released as an end product. Carbon dioxide is released as an end
product.
Uses carbon dioxide and water. Uses oxygen and glucose.
Light energy is converted into chemical Chemical energy is partly converted into heat
energy and stored. energy and partly into useful energy
for various activities.
Occurs only in presence of light. Occur at all times.
Results in gain in weight. Results in weight loss.
Food (glucose) manufactured. Food (glucose) broken down. (Oxidized,
(Constructive process, anabolic). destructive or catabolic).
Occurs only in presence of chlorophyll. Occurs in all living cells.
o Respiration in plants compared to respiration in animals:
Respiration in plants Respiration in animals
There is no gaseous transport, gases There is transportation of gases by
diffuse in and out of the cell. blood.
Heat produced is less. Heat produced is more.
Anaerobic respiration gives ethanol. Anaerobic respiration gives lactic acid.
o Respiration and Burning (Combustion):
Respiration Burning/Combustion.
It is a cellular process (occurs in living It is a non cellular process (doe not occur
cells only). in living cell ).
It occurs in series of chemical steps. It occurs in a single step.
Carried out by enzymes. Carried out by heat.
Takes place at body temperature. Takes place at high temperature.
Energy liberated and stored as ATP and All energy is liberated as heat and light.
some as heat.
It is a Biochemical process. It is a Physico-chemical process.
o Aerobic and anaerobic respiration in plants:
Aerobic respiration Anaerobic respiration
Occurs normally throughout life. Occurs temporarily for short periods.
Complete breakdown of glucose. Incomplete breakdown of glucose.
Energy liberated in large quantity. (38 Energy liberated in small quantity (2 ATP)
ATP) from one mole of glucose. from one mole of glucose.
End-products are carbon-dioxide and End-products are ethyl-alcohol and
water. carbon dioxide.
Proceeds in presence of oxygen. Proceeds in the absence of oxygen.
 o Anaerobic respiration between plants and animals:
Anaerobic respiration in plants
Definition: Anaerobic respiration is a
catabolic process of releasing little energy
from incomplete oxidation of glucose and
other organic molecules (enzymes) with the
formation of ethanol (ethyl alcohol)
and carbon dioxide as end products.
Anaerobic respiration in Animals
Definition: Anaerobic respiration is a
catabolic process of releasing little energy
from incomplete oxidation of glucose and
other organic molecules (enzymes) with
the formation of lactic
acid as end product.

C6H12O6 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 + 2ATP. C6H12O6 2C6H5OCOOH + 2ATP.

Ethanol and CO2 is produced.
It proceeds without oxygen.
o Kreb’s cycle and glycolysis:
Kreb’s cycle
It is the process which converts pyruvate
or pyruvic acid → CO2 + H2O + ATP, in the
mitochondria, and needs oxygen.
o Catabolism and anabolism:
Catabolism
Destructive or breaking down process, in
which energy is released.
Lactic acid is produced with no CO2.
It proceeds without oxygen.
Glycolysis
It is a process which converts glucose →
pyruvate or pyruvic acid, occurring in the
cytoplasm and does not need oxygen.
Anabolism
Constructive or biosynthetic processes,
in which energy is consumed.

Question Bank

Q.1.a) Name the following:

i) A common phase in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

ii) The site of glycolysis.

iii) A chemical which removes CO2 from the air.

iv) An organism which respires anaerobically.

v) End product of anaerobic respiration.

vi) A chemical substance released after the breakdown of glucose.

b) State whether the following statement is true or false. If false, rewrite the correct statement:

i) Respiration is an anabolic process of release of energy.

ii) Respiration is a physio-chemical process.

iii) Aerobic respiration results in release of 38 ATP.

iv) sodalime is used to absorb oxygen.

v) Anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen.

c) Fill in the blanks:

i) Three inlets of oxygen gas for respiration in plants are .........., …………. and ................

ii) In Plants the product formed after an anaerobic respiration is ............. along with ATP and water.

iii) The site of Kreb's cycle is ..............

iv) Rate of ............ is more than the rate of ........ in daytime in the case of green plants.

v) The end product of anaerobic respiration in plants is ................

d) Define: Respiration

e)Differentiate between :

i) Aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration

ii) Photosynthesis and respiration

iii) Respiration and Burning

f) Give reason:

i) Respiration is said to be the reverse of photosynthesis

ii) Cell respiration in any organism cannot occur at a temperature of about 65°C ? Give reason.

iii) One should not sleep under a tree at night.

Q.2. Structural applications:

a) Study the experimental setup given below and answer the following questions:

i) What is the aim of the experiment shown above?

ii) What is your observation after a few hours for

flask 'A' and 'B' ?

iii) Name the chemical used to prevent bacterial growth.

Explain how the bacteria would interfere with the experiment.

iv) Why do we use thermos flasks specifically for the experiment?

v) Which is the control setup and why?

b) The following setup was arranged to prove a particular physiological process in plants. Study the same
and answer the following questions:

i) Name the physiological process being studied.

ii) What is the function of soda lime in the bottle A

and why is lime water placed in bottle B?

iii) What change would you expect to observe in bottle D?

iv) If bottle C was fitted with a three holed rubber stopper

and a thermometer was introduced in such a way that its bulb reaches close to the germinating seeds, what would
you observe?

v) Represent the physiological process named in (i) above in the form of a chemical equation.

c) Study the figure given below and answer the following questions:

i) In how many flasks the different plant parts are kept

in observation?

ii) What is the purpose of keeping a test tube containing

lime water in each flask?

iii) In which test tube will lime water turn milky?

iv) What is the purpose of set-up?

v) What conclusion do you draw from this experiment?

d) Study the figure given below and answer the following questions:

i) What does the experiment demonstrate?

ii) Why level of mercury in test tube B falls

after few days?

iii) Which gas is liberated by this process and how

can you prove its presence?

iv) What is a control in this experiment and why?

e) The apparatus given below is setup the demonstrate a particular process occurring in plants. Study the
same and answer the following:

i) Name the process. Give the overall balanced equation

the represent the process.

ii) What is the objective of the experiment?

iii) Why is soda lime placed in the tube?

iv) What change would you observe in lime water present

in flask 'A'and'B'.

v) Give one precaution to be taken in this experiment.