Class 10 biology

Respiration Chapter
Video 3
Done by
DR.DADI SINDHU
Cellular Respiration

• The term cellular respiration refers to the

pathway by which cells release energy by
breaking the chemical bonds of glucose
molecules.
• It is of two types namely
1)Aerobic Respiration
2)Anaerobic Respiration
Aerobic and Anaerobic Respirations

• Aerobic Respiration :That respiration which

occurs in presence of oxygen is called Aerobic
Respiration.
• Anaerobic Respiration : That respiration which
occurs in absence of oxygen is called Anaerobic
Respiration
Differences between aerobic and anaerobic
respiration

AEROBIC RESPIRATION ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION

1) OCCURS IN PRESENCE OF OXYGEN 1) OCCURS IN ABSENCE OF OXYGEN

2) OCCURS IN CYTOPLASM AND 2) OCCURS IN CYTOPLASM

MITOCHONDRIA

3) END PRODUCTS OF AEROBIC RESPIRATION 3) END PRODUCTS OF ANAEROBIC

ARE CO2 ,WATER AND ENERGY RESPIRATION ARE ETHYL ALOCOHOL,
CO2 WATER AND ENERGY
4) USUALLY SEEN IN MAMMALS 4) USUALLY SEEN IN BACTERIA AND YEAST
AEROBIC RESPIRATION:

• Aerobic respiration occurs in cytoplasm and

mitochondria.
• Structure of mitochondria
 Some important points regarding aerobic
respiration
1) Mitochondrion also known as “power house of the cell” or
“energy currency of the cell”.
2) Aerobic respiration takes place in mitochondrion
3) 36 molecules of ATP are produced by oxidation of 1 glucose
molecule.
4) One molecule of ATP produces 7200 calories of energy and ADP.
5) Energy is released by breaking phosphate bond in ATP.
6) Oxidation of glucose takes in 2 stages.
7) 1 st stage production of 2 molecules of pyruvic acid from glucose
molecule.
8) 2nd stage production of co2, water and large amount of energy from
pyruvic acid molecule.
From cellular level

• Let us see what is aerobic respiration from cellular level.

• Cells do respire and absorbs oxygen and the energy required by the body
when it exercises the energy required comes from this cellular aerobic
respiration.
• Where the absorbed oxygen into the cell oxidizes the Glucose molecule
and form CO2,H2O and ATP energy.
• Sufficient amount of O2 releases the ATP energy , which is nothing but
“AEROBIC RESPIRATION”.
• Insufficient amount of O2,causes the formation of lactic acid which
causes “MUSCLE FATIGUE”.
ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION

• As we have already seen what is “ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION”, let us see

an activity to show the “ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION IN YEAST”.
• AIM:CO2 released during anaerobic respiration in yeast.
• APPARATUS:Thermos Flask,split corks,thermometer,wash bottle,glass
tubes,liquid paraffin,glucose solution, yeast cells,bicarbonate solution.
• PROCEDURE:1. Glucose solution after heating is poured into a thermos
flask.
• 2.The thermos flask containing glucose solution is heated for a minute
to remove the dissolved oxygen from glucose solution and then kept to
cool it without shaking.
Continuation…….

• Some yeast is added to the glucose solution and fixes two holed rubber
stopper to the flask.
• Oxygen supply from the air is cut off by pouring a layer of liquid paraffin on
the mixture(thermos is heat resistant can’t be used for
boiling
. Insert one end of thermometer into the thermos flask ,see the
end of thermometer kept in the solution.
. Gas released is collected in a tube containing bicarbonate solution or
lime water as shown in apparatus set up,keep the apparatus undisturbed
for one or two days.
Diagram showing the experiment on the
anaerobic respiration
OBSERVATION AND RESULT

• 1.After two days it is observed that lime water turns into milky
white precipitate.
• 2.Increase in temperature noted on yeast cells indicate that they
respire and release energy.
• 3.The smell of alcohol comes from the flask.
• RESULT:
• These observations indicate that yeast cells respire anaerobically
and release carbondioxide.
FERMENTATION

• An anaerobic process performed by a cell to

generate chemical energy(ex:ATP)from

pyruvate(a product of glycolysis) but

without going through the citric acid cycle
and electron transport chain system as
cellular respiration does.
 Differences between respiration and
combustion
RESPIRATION COMBUSTION
Respiration is a cellular process. Combustion does not occur inside the living cell

Respiration is a controlled biological process Combustion is an uncontrolled process

Energy is released in a stepwise manner with Energy is released in a single step

different biochemical reactions
Less than half of energy is liberated as heat Energy is released as heat. It can get hot enough to
produce incandescent light.

Temperature is not allowed to rise and controlled The temperature during combustion is very high.
otherwise it can damage the cell
 CONTINUATION…..

RESIRATION COMBUSTION
Adenosine triphosphate is formed Adenosine triphosphate is not formed.
during this process. On breakage of
the molecular bond, energy is
released for physiological processes.

Oxidation occurs at the end of the Substrates are directly oxidized in the combustion process
reaction between oxygen and
reduced coenzymes in the electron
transport chain
Enzymes are required for the process Enzymes are not required for combustion as it is a non-cellular process
of respiration
Example: Aerobic respiration Example: Combustion of oxygen and hydrogen into water vapour