25

2
5

CHAPTER 3
DESIGN OF WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

3.1 Plumbing System for Hospital

The purpose of a hospital water supply system is to provide the consumers
with enough water. Water supply system start from the main supply pipe of source.
The objective of supply system is to supply water to each fixture appliance by means
of a network of distribution pipe. Each fixture appliance must be supply with
sufficient quantity of water at the desired pressure.
The various component of the distribution system are pipe of various sizes,
storage tanks, control valves, fittings and pumps. Down-feed water distribution
system is used for 100-Bedded of No (5), Army Hospital (300 - Bedded),
Mawlamyine. The source of water in this hospital is two tube wells. The main water
reserve is stored in one underground tank.
The water from the underground tank is pumped to the three-overhead tanks.
In this hospital, water distribution is used down-feed. The size of tanks will depend on
the demand of consumers in one day. Centrifugal pumps will be used to raise the
water from the underground tank. Air-lift pumps will be used to raise the water from
the pump to the underground tank.
The supply lines and fittings for every plumbing fixture are installed, so as to
prevent backflow. In designing the pipe work, two factors such as the demand load
and water pressures are considered. Pressure depends on the amount of head available
and how much of this is absorbed by friction in the pipe and fittings. These two
factors are combined by expressing pressure in term of head available to overcome
the resistance set up by 100 m of straight pipe (loss of head per 100 m).
The resistance of fitting in terms of equivalent length of straight pipe and the
flow through different pipes at different rates of loss of head are given in Table A2. A
minimum pressure of 0.5 bars and a maximum of 1.5 bar shall be available at ever
fixture outlet. A pressure reducing valve shall be stalled if the pressure in the main
riser dropped or water supply line is greater than 5 bar.
 26

3.2. Load Calculation

To design a water supply scheme for No-5, Army Hospital (300–Beeded),
Mawlamyine, it is necessary to evaluated the amount of water demanded by the
public. This hospital having 280 persons, operation room and other rooms are 100-
beeded one. The load of the whole hospital is calculated by using the relation of the
type of premises and the population equivalent, as shown in following.
For example, 4 per bed for hospital, 1PE is equivalent to 180 liter per capita
per day.
Population equivalent of 280 persons =280 × 180
=50400 l/d
Total Amount of water =51700 l/d

3.3. Calculation of Tanks

The storage capacity of the ground tank is considered so that the overhead
tank can be supplied for one. For down feed system, an overhead tank is provided
with the minimum of 35 percent of one-day supply but adequate water storage
capacity to meet the 50 percent of one-day supply.

3.3.1. Calculation of Storage Tank

Underground tank is to store by two days supply.
Total amount of water use = 50400 × 2
= 100800l/d
= 100.8m3/d
Volume of water = 100.8m3
Assume high of tank =3m
Freeboard = 0.15 m (0.15-0.3m)
Effective height = 3 - 0.15 = 2.85 m
V
Area of tank =
A
= 35.37m2
A = L×B
L = 2B
35.37 = 2 B × B
2 B2 = 35.37
 27

B = 4.2 m
L = 2B = 2 ×4.2 = 8.4 m
Checking H,
According to dynamic equation,
V = A×H
V 100.8
H = =
A 4.2  8.4
H = 2.86m
Total height = 2.86 + 0.15 = 3.01 m 3m
Underground tank size = L (8.4m) × B (4.2 m) × H (3m)

3.3.2. Calculation of Overhead Tank

Total amount of water use = 50400 l / d
= 50.4 m3 / d
For the down feed water distribution system overhead tanks are provided with
adequate water storage capacity to supply three times a day.
50.4
Storage capacity (once a day) = = 16.8 m3 = 16800l
3
We use PVC water tank (1500l) for this hospital.
16800l
Nos: of PVC water tank (1500l) = = 11.2nos 12 nos:
1500l
Therefore, the design results for 100-Bedded of No-5, Army Hospital, Mawlamyine
are summarized in Table (3.1).

Table 3.1. Design Results for Tanks

Type Size

Underground tank 8.4m × 4.2m × 3m

12-overhead tank (PVC, water tank) 1500liter

3.4. Design Calculation of Supply Pipes for Hospital

No-(5), Army Hospital (300-Bedded), Mawlamyine; is two-stored R.C
 28

building and water is designed as floor by floor system. In order to design the water
supply pipes for each floor, it is required to determine the load (discharge) of each
floor. The demand load for each floor is determined by multiplying loading units and
number of fixture appliance. Discharge for each floor is calculated based on the
fixture appliance from loading units chart in Figure A.2 and the required loading units
are taken from Table A.1. Design discharge is considered as the 60% of the total
discharge because the fixture appliance are not used at the same time.

3.4.1. Calculation of Main and Sub-Main Pipe for First Floor

Table 3.2. Determination of Demand Load fo First Floor

Fixture Number Loading Unit Demand Load

Basic(ordinary) 6 1 6

Basin(Surgeons) 1 2 2

Shower 4 3 12

w/c 10 8 80

From Figure A.2;

The flow rate for the calculated demand load = 1.21 l /sec
Total discharge = 4.22 l / sec

All fixture appliance are not used at the same time, and thus, the 60% of the
total discharge are considered as design discharge. The corresponding pipe run of
each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of plumbing network.
Design discharge for the first floor = 4.22 × 0.6
3600
= 2.532 l/sec ×
1000
= 9.12 m3 / hr
Pressure head at the outlet = 5.18 m (vertical distance from
overhead tank to first floor)
5.18
=
10
= 0.52 bar
 29

1
Assume main pipe diameter = 1 in = 38 mm (from overhead tank to ground
2
floor)
From Figure A.3
6.3m
Total head loss in PVC pipe =
100m
Pipe run = 15 ft
6.3m
Head loss in main pipe = × 4.572 m = 0.29 m
100m

Checking main pipe diameter from Nomograph,

1
d= 1 in = 0.125ft
2
d 2
A= = 0.0122 ft2
4
Q = 9.12 m3/ hr
9.12 1000
=
4.5
1
= 2026.7 ×
6.25
= 0.09ft3 /sec

Q = AV

Q
V =
A
0.09
= = 7.4ft/sec
0.0122

From Figure A.1;

Q = 0.09ft3/sec
V = 7.4 ft/sec
1
Diameter of main pipe =1 in (ok)
2
1
Assume sub-main pipe diameter =1 in = 35mm (from first floor to ground
4
floor)
60 % of the total discharge = 0.6 × 1.21 = 0.726 l / sec
 30

Pipe run = 195 ft

1.41m
Head loss in GI pipe = (Table A.2)
100m
1.41m
Head loss in PVC pipe = × 0.6 = 0.009m
100m
Head loss in sub-main pipe = 0.009 × 59.44
= 0.535m
Total head loss in sub-main pipe = Total head loss + Total head loss
in main pipe in sub-main pipe
= 0.535 + 0.29
= 0.825 m
Total pressure at the outlet = 5.18 - 0.825
= 4.355 m
4.355
= = 0 .44 bar < 0.5 bar
10
= 0.44bar < 5 bar (Allowable)
The pressure reducing valve is not needed to install because the pressure in the main
supply line is less than 5 bar.

Checking sub-main pipe diameter from Nomograph,

1
d =1 in = 0.1042ft
4
d 2
A= = 0.0085 ft2
4
1
Q = 0.726 l/sec ×
4.5  6.25
= 0.026 ft2 / sec
Q = AV
Q
V=
A
0.026
=
0.0085
= 3.06ft/sec
From Figure A.1;
Q = 0.026 ft3/sec, V = 3.06 ft/sec
 31

1
Diameter of sub-main pipe = 1 in
4
3.4.2. Calculation of Branch Pipe for First Floor
Assume branch pipe diameter = 1 in
Pipe run = 46ft
4.44m
Head loss in GI pipe = (Table A.2)
100m
4.44m
Head loss in PVC pipe = × 0.6 = 0.03
100m
Major head loss = 0.03×14.02 = 0.42 m
Minor head loss,
Pipe run = 7ft
From Table A.2;
Minor head loss = 0.03 × 2.13 = 0.064m
Total head loss in branch pipe = major head loss + minor head loss
= 0.42 + 0.064
0.484
=
10
= 0.05 bar < 0.44 bar
Therefore, 1 in (25 mm) diameter of branch pipe size is selected.

3.4.3. Calculation of Sub-Branch Pipe for First Floor

Pipe run = 6.5ft
Total discharge = 0.6 × 1.21
= 0.726 l/sec
= 2.16 m3/hr
3
Assume sub-branch pipe diameter = in (20 mm)
4
12.3m
Head loss in GI pipe = (Table A.2)
100m
12.3m
Head loss in PVC pipe = × 0.6
100m
= 0.074 m
Major head loss = 0.074 × 2 = 0.0148m
Minor head loss,
 32

Pipe run = 3.25 ft

From Table A.2;
Minor head loss = 0.074 × 1
= 0.074m
Total head loss in sub-branch pipe = major head loss + minor head loss
= 0.148 + 0.074
0.222
= = 0.022
10
= 0.022 bar < 0.44 bar (allowable)
Therefore, 3/4in (20 mm) diameter sub -branch pipe is selected.

3.4.4. Calculation of Main and Sub-Main Pipe for Ground Floor

Table 3.3. Determination of Demand Load for Ground Floor
Demand
Fixture Number Loading Unit
Load

Basin (ordinary) 4 1 4

Basin (surgeon) 1 2 2

W/ C 7 8 56

Shower 4 3 12

Total amount of demand load 74

From Figure A.2;

The flow rate for the calculation demand load = 1.02 l/sec
Design discharge for the ground floor = 0.6 × 1.02
3600
= 0.612 l/sec × = 2.2 m3/hr
1000

Pressure head at the outlet = 8.84 m (vertical distance from

overhead tank to ground floor)
8.84
=
10
= 0.884 bar
 33

1
Assume main pipe diameter =1 in =38mm (from overhead tank to ground floor)
2
From Figure.A.3;
0.53m
Total head loss in PVC pipe =
100m
Pipe run = 29ft
0.53m
Head loss in main pipe = × 8.84 m = 0.047 m
100m

Checking main pipe diameter from Nomograph,

1
d=1 in = 0.125 ft
2
d 2
A= = 0.0122 ft2
4
2.2 1000
Q = 2.2 m3/hr =
4.5
1
= 488.9 g/hr × =0.022ft3/sec
6.25
Q= AV
Q
V=
A
0.022
= = 1.803 ft/sec
0.0122
From Figure A.1;
Q = 0.022 ft3/sec, V = 0.803 ft/se
1
Diameter of main pipe =1 in
2
1
Assume sub-main pipe diameter =1 in = 35 mm (for ground floor only)
4
60 % of the total discharge = 0.6 × 1.02 = 0.612 l/sec
Pipe run = 145ft
1.098m
Head loss in GI pipe = (Table A.2)
100m
1.098m
Head loss in PVC pipe = ×0.6 = 0.0066 m
100m
Head loss in sub-main pipe = 0.0066 × 44.2 = 0.291m
 34

Total head loss in sub-main pipe = Head loss in + Head loss in

main pipe sub–main pipe
= 0.047 + 0.291 = 0.338 m
Actual pressure at the outlet = 8.84 - 0.338
8.502
=
10

= 0.8502 bar > 0.5 bar

Required pressure at every outlet = 0.5 bar

= 0.8502 - 0.5

= 0.3502 bar < 5 bar (Allowable)

The pressure reducing valve is not needed to install because the pressure in the main
supply line is less than 5 bar.

Checking main pipe diameter from Nomograph,

1
d=1 in = 0.1042 ft
4
d 2
A =
4
= 0.0085 ft2
1
Q = 0.612 l/sec ×
4.5  6.25
= 0.0218 ft3/sec
Q = AV
Q
V=
A
0.0218
= = 2.56 ft/sec
0.0085
From Figure A.1;
Q = 0.0218 ft3/sec, V = 2.56 ft/sec
1
Diameter of main pipe = 1 in
4

3.4.5. Calculation of Branch Pipe for Ground Floor

Assume sub-main pipe diameter = 1 in

Pipe run = 46.28 ft
 35

For the ground floor, total discharge = 0.6 × 1.02 = 2.2 m3/hr

3.39m
Head loss in GI pipe = (Table A.2)
100m

3.39m
Head loss in PVC pipe = × 0.6 =0.02034 m
100m
Major head loss = 0.02034 × 14.2 = 0.289m
Minor head loss,
Pipe run = 7ft
Minor head loss = 0.02034× 2.1
= 0.043m
Total head loss in branch pipe = Major head loss + Minor head loss
= 0.289 + 0.043 = 0.332m
0.332
=
10
= 0.0332 bar < 0.3502 bar (Allowable)
Satisfied.
Therefore, 1in (25 mm) diameter sub-branch pipe is selected.

3.4.6. Calculation of Sub-Branch pipe for Ground Floor

Pipe run = 6.5 ft
Total discharge = 0.6 x 1.02 =2.2 m3/hr
3
Assume sub-branch pipe dia: = in
4
12.3m
Head loss in GI pipe = (Table A.2)
100m
12.3m
Head loss in PVC pipe = × 0.6 = 0.074 m
100m
Major head loss = 0.074 × 2 = 0.0148m
Minor head loss,
Pipe run =1m
From Table A.2;
Minor head loss = 0.074 × 1 = 0.074 m

Total head loss in sub-branch pipe = major head loss + minor head loss
= 0.116 + 0.078
 36

0.194
= = 0.0194 bar < 0.3502bar (Allowable)
10
Satisfied.
3
Therefore, in (20 mm) diameter sub-branch pipe is selected.
4

Table 3.4. Summarized Pipe Design Result for the Ground Floor to First Floor

Floor Appliance Diameter

1
Main pipe 38mm(1 in)
2

1
Sub-Main pipe 35mm (1 in)
Ground 4

Branch pipe 25mm (1in

3
Sub-Branch 20mm ( in)
4

1
Main pipe 38mm (1 in)
2

1
Sub-Main pipe 35mm (1 in)
First 4

Branch pipe 25mm (1 in)

3
Sub-Branch Pipe 20mm ( in)
4

Table 3.5. Numbers of Fittings and Valves from Overhead Tank to Ground Floor

Type Diameter (in) Number

90º elbow 1
1 2
2
 37

Table 3.5. Numbers of Fittings and Valves from Overhead Tank to Ground Floor
(continued)

Type Diameter (in) Number

1 1

1
1 8
90º elbow 4

3
42
4

1
1 1
2

1 8
Tee
1
1 28
4

3
15
4

1
1 3
2

Gate valve
1 8

1
1 9
4

Bibcock 3
15
4

3.5. Pump Selection

In this study, the type of centrifugal and air-lift pump is selected by
considering the total amount of water consumption for this hospital for good
efficiency and capacity to deliver water against high discharge heads. These pumps
are used to be raised water from well to ground tank, ground tank to overhead tank.
 38

3.5.1.Calculation of Pipe Size and Pump (from Underground Tank to Overhead Tank)
1
Total discharge in ground tank = 100800 L/d ×
1000  24
= 4.2 m3/hr
Design discharge = 0.6 × 4.2
= 2.52 m3/hr
Assume pipe diameter = 3in
Pressure head = 7.42 m (from ground tank to overhead tank)
7.42
=
10
= 0.742 bar
From Figure A.3;
0.12m
Total head loss in PVC pipe =
100m
pipe run = 2001ft
0.12m
Head loss in pipe line = × 610 m
100m
0.732
=
10
= 0.732 bar < 0.5 bar
= 0.073 bar (Allowable)
pipe diameter = 76 mm = 3 in
pipe length = 610 m =2001 ft
Hs = 5m
Ep = 55% (40 - 90 %)
W = Q = 4.2 m3/hr
4.2 1000 10
=
4.5  60
= 155.6 lb/min

From Table A.3;

3 in ø, 90º elbow = 5 nos = 8.2 × 5 = 41ft
45 º elbow = 3 nos = 3.8 × 3 = 11.4ft
gate valve = 3 nos = 1.75 × 3 = 5.25ft
strainer = 1 nos = 25 ×1 = 25ft
 39

foot valve = 1 nos = 12 × 1 = 12ft

Total length = 94.65ft

Total Equivalent length = 94.65' + 2001' + 5'
= 2100.65'
WH
H.P =
33, 000  E p

155.6  2100.65
=
33, 000  0.55
= 18 H.P

3.5.2. Calculation of Pipe Size and Pump for Well

Assume dia of well = 6 in ø

Water discharge from tube well = 2500 gal/hr

= 41.67 gal/min

Rest water level = 50ft below ground level

Water level during pumping = 150ft

Height of water lifted (H) = 150 + 6.56

= 156.56ft

QH
Air-flow, (ft3/min) =
125

41.67 156.56
=
125
= 52.19 ft3/min

From Table A.4;

C = 78.29 ft3/min; (60-80)
6 in tube well.
1
diameter of delivery pipe =2 in
2
Required power = 15-18 H.P
1
diameter of air pipe =1 in
4
 40

3.5.3. Calculation of Pipe Sizes and Pump

For 6 in tube well,
Assume pipe dia = 3 in (from well to junction)

Total discharge in one well = 2500 g/m

= 556 l/hr
= 0.556 m3/hr
1
Pressure head = = 0.1 bar
10
For figure A.3;
0.1
Head loss in PVC pipe = 29.18m ×
100
0.29
=
10
=0.003 bar < 0.3 bar
Required pressure bar = 0.003 bar

Checking pipe diameter from Nomogragh,

d = 3in = 0.25 ft
d 2 
= ( 0.25)
2
A=
4 4
= 0.049 ft3/s

Q = 0.556 m3/hr

0.556 1000
=
3600  4.5  6.25

= 0.0055 ft3/s

Q = AV
Q
V=
A
0.0055
=
0.049
= 0.112 ft/s
From Figure A1;
Q = 0.0055 ft3/s, V = 0.112 ft/s

Diameter of pipe = 3in

 41

Assume diameter of pipe = 4 in (from junction to ground tank)

Total discharge = 5000 g/hr
= 1.111 m3/hr
Pressure head = 5m
5
=
10
= 0.5 bar
From Figure A.3;
0.1m
Head loss in PVC pipe =
100m
Pipe run = 726.31 ft
221.38  0.1
Total head loss in pipe line =
100
0.265
=
10
= 0.03 bar < 0.5 bar
Required pressure bar = 0.03 bar

Checking pipe dia from Nomograph,

d = 4 in = 0.333 ft

d 2 
= ( 0.333)
2
A=
4 4

= 0.087 ft2
Q = 1.111 m3/hr

1.1111000
=
3600  4.5  6.25

= 0.011 ft3/s

Q = AV
Q
V=
A
0.011
=
0.087

= 0.126 ft/s
 42

From Figure A.1;

Q = 0.011 ft3/s, V = 0.126 ft/s
Diameter of pipe = 4 in (ok)

Table 3.6. Number of fittings and valves from tube well to overhead tank

fitting and valves Number

from underground
from tube well to
Type Diameter (in) tank to overhead
underground tank
tank

4 3
90º elbow
3 2 5

4 3
45º elbow
3 2 3

Tee(Y-junction) 1

4 2
Gate valve
3 2 3

Foot valve 3 1

Strainer valve 3 1