Week-2, Lecture-6 Double Pipe Heat Exchanger

Shabina Khanam
Associate Professor
Department of Chemical Engineering

1
 Double Pipe Equipment
A simple double-pipe exchanger consists of two pairs of concentric pipes.
Such a configuration is called a hairpin, for obvious reasons. The two fluids
that are transferring heat flow in the inner and outer pipes, respectively. The
fluids usually flow through the exchanger in opposite directions. Such a flow
pattern is called counter flow or counter-current flow. In some special-purpose
applications, parallel (or co-current) flow is employed in which the two streams
flow in the same direction.
Double Pipe Exchanger
 Double Pipe Heat Exchanger
Series/Parallel Configurations of Hairpins
Double-pipe exchangers are extremely flexible with respect to configuration of
hairpins, since both the inner pipes and annuli can be connected either in series
or in parallel.

Series configuration Parallel configuration

 Double Pipe Heat Exchanger
Series/Parallel Configurations of Hairpins
To account for the departure from true counter-flow in series-parallel configurations, the
counter-flow logarithmic mean temperature difference (LMTD) is multiplied by a
correction factor, F, given by the following equations:

x = number of parallel branches

Ta, Tb = inlet and outlet temperatures of series stream
ta, tb = inlet and outlet temperatures of parallel stream
 Over-Surface and Over-Design
Over-surface is a measure of the safety factor incorporated in the design of a
heat exchanger through fouling factors and the use of standard equipment sizes.
Since it deals directly with exchanger surface area, it is easier to visualize than
fouling factors and calculated versus required heat-transfer coefficients. The
percentage over-surface is defined as follows:
Over-surface depends on the
relative magnitudes of the total
fouling allowance and the film
and wall resistances. While
A = Actual heat-transfer surface area in the exchanger values of 20-40% may be
Ac = Calculated heat-transfer surface area based on Uc considered typical, higher
values are not unusual.
Design of Double pipe
Viscosity of liquid
heat exchanger at atmospheric
pressure

Step 1: Collect the properties at average

temperature of fluid
Design of Double pipe
heat exchanger
Viscosity of liquid at
atmospheric pressure
Design of Double pipe
heat exchanger

Viscosities of gases
Design of Double pipe heat exchanger

Specific heat of liquids

Design of Double pipe
heat exchanger
Thermal conductivity of liquids
 Design of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger
Step 2: Compute LMTD

Step 3: Calculate hi

For this Di is required 16 ft hairpin consisting of 2-in. by 1.25 in. schedule

40 S pipe
 Design of
Double pipe
heat
exchanger

16 ft hairpin
consisting of
2-in. by 1.25
in. schedule
40 ss pipe
 Design of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger
Step 4: Calculate ho For this De is required

Step 5: Compute pipe wall temperature

 Design of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger
Step 6: Calculate viscosity correction factors

Step 7: Compute Uo considering dirt factor

Step 8: Calculate required surface area and number of hairpins

L=A/circumference

No. of hairpins = L / 2*length of one hairpin

 Design of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger
Step 9: Calculate pressure drop
Pressure drop in straight section of pipe

For turbulent flow

Pressure drop in return section of pipe Total pressure drop

 Design of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger
Step 10: If calculate pressure drop is within the specified range, it is
considered as final design

Step 11: If no, two possibilities are to be considered:

Switch the fluids

Connect the annuli in parallel
 Design of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger
Example – 1
10,000 lb/h of benzene will be heated from 60F to 120F by heat exchange
with an aniline stream that will be cooled from 150F to 100F. A number of
16-ft hairpins consisting of 2-in. by 1.25-in. schedule 40 stainless steel pipe
(type 316, k = 9.4 Btu/h. ft. F) are available and will be used for this service.
A maximum pressure drop of 20 psi is specified for each stream. The specific
gravity of benzene is 0.879 and that of aniline is 1.022. Determine the
number and configuration of hairpins that are required.
 Design of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger
Solution of Example – 1

We begin by assuming that the hairpins are connected in series on both sides,
since this is the simplest configuration, and that the flow pattern is counter-
current. We also place the benzene in the inner pipe for the sake of continuity
with Example 3.3. As discussed at the end of that example, however, either fluid
could be placed in the inner pipe.
 Design of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger
Solution of Example – 1
(b) Determinetheheat
First trial
loadandanilineflowratebyenergybalanceso
(a) Fluid properties at the average stream
nthe twostreams.
temperatures are obtained from Figures
q = (mCP ΔT)B = 10,000x0.42x60
A.1 and A.2, and Table A.15.
= 252,000 Btu/h
252,000 = (mCP ΔT)A
Benzene Aniline = mA x 0.52 x 50
Fluid property mA = 9692 lb/h
(Tavg = 90°F) (Tavg = 125°F)
μ (cp) 0.55 2.0
Cp (Btu/lbm.°F) 0.42 0.52
k (Btu/h.ft.°F) 0.092 0.100
 Design of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger
Solution of Example – 1
k
(c) CalculatetheLMTD hi = 0.023Re0.8 Pr1/3
Di
40 − 30 0.092 0.42 x 0.55 x 2.419
1/3
LMTD = = 34.76°F hi = x 0.023 83217 0.8
(40) 0.115 0.092
ln
(30) Btu
(d) Calculate hiassuming ϕ i=1.0 hi = 290
h. ft 2 ℉

Di = 1.38/12 = 0.115 ft (fromTableB.2)

4m 4 x 10000
Re = =
πDi μ π x 0.115 x 0.55 x 2.419
= 83217 ⟹ turbulent flow
 Design of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger
Solution of Example – 1
De 2/3
Using the Hausen equation with 1 + = 1.0
L
k
(e) Calculate hoassuming ϕ o=1.0 ho = 0.116 Re2/3 − 125 Pr1/3
De
D2 = 2.067 in 0.1
D1 = 1.660 in = x 0.116 x 8213 2/3 − 125
0.0339
(fromTableB.2) 1/3
0.52 x 2.0 x 2.419
2.067−1.66
De = D2 − D1 = = 0.0339ft 0.1
12
π 2
flow area = Af = D12 = 0.00827ft 2
D2 − Btu
4 ho = 283
m 9692 h. ft 2 . ℉
De 0.0339 ∗ ( )
Af 0.00827
Re = =
μ 2.0 ∗ 2.419
= 8212 ⟹ transition flow
 Design of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger
Solution of Example – 1
(g) Calculate ϕ iand ϕ oand corrected values of hi
(e) Calculate the pipe wall temperature and ho

From Figure A.1, at 108.9oF, μB = 0.47 cp and

hi tavg + ho (Do / Di )Tavg
Tw = μA =2.4 cp. Therefore,
hi + ho (Do / Di )
ϕi = 0.55/0.47 0.14 = 1.0222
ϕo = 20/2.4 0.14 = 0.9748
1.66 Btu
290 ∗ 90 + 283
1.38
125 hi = 290 1.0222 = 296
Tw = h. ft 2 . ℉
290 + 283
1.66 Btu
1.38 ho = 283 0.9748 = 276
h. ft 2 . ℉
Tw = 108.9°F
 Design of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger
Solution of Example – 1 (j) Calculate the required surface area and
number of hairpins.
(h) Obtain fouling factors. For liquid organic process q = UD AΔTin
chemicals such as benzene and aniline, a value of 0.001 q
A=
2 o
h.ft . F /Btu is appropriate. UD ΔTin
(i) Compute the overall heat-transfer coefficient. 252,000
−1 A = = 81.5ft 2
Do Do ln(Do / Di ) 1 R Di Do 89 ∗ 34.76
UD = + + + + R Do From Table B.2, the external surface area per
hi Di 2k ho Di
foot of 1.25-in. schedule 40 pipe is 0.435 ft2.
1.66 (1.66/ 12 )ln(1.66/ 1.38 ) 1 81.5
UD = + + Therefore, L = = 187.4ft
296 x 1.38 2 x 9.4 276 0.435
−1 Since each 16-ft hairpin contains 32 ft of
0.001 ∗ 1.66
+ + 0.001 pipe,
1.38 187.4
Btu Number of hairpins = = 5.9 ⇒ 6
UD = 89 32
h. ft 2 . ℉ Thus, six hairpins are required.
 Design of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger
Solution of Example – 1 0.0267(6 ∗ 32)(961,538)2
∆Pf =
1.38
(k) Calculate the pressure drop for the benzene 7.50 ∗ 1012 ∗ 0.879 ∗ 1.022
stream (inner pipe). 12
∆Pf = 6.1 psi
The friction factor is calculated from Equation The pressure drop in the return bends is obtained
(4.8): from Equation (4.12):
f = 0.3673Re−0.2314 = 0.3673 83,217 −0.2314 ∆Pr = 1.6 ∗ 10−13 (2𝑁𝐻𝑃 − 1)G2 /𝑠
f = 0.0267 ∆Pr = 1.6 ∗ 10−13 (2 ∗ 6 − 1) 961,538 2 /0.879
Af = 0.0104 ft 2 (Table B. 2) ∆Pr = 1.85 psi
m 10,000
G= = = 961,538 lbm/h. ft 2 Since the nozzle losses associated with the inner
Af 0.0104 pipes are negligible, the total pressure drop,
The pressure drop in the straight sections of pipe ΔPi, is:
is calculated using Equation (4.5): ∆Pi = ∆Pf + ∆Pr = 6.1 + 1.85 = 7.95 ≅ 8.0 psi
fLG2
∆Pf =
7.50 ∗ 1012 Di sϕ
 Design of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger
Solution of Example – 1 0.0456(6 ∗ 32)(1,171,947)2
∆Pf =
(l) Calculate the pressure drop for the aniline 7.50 ∗ 1012 ∗ 0.0339 ∗ 1.022 ∗ 0.9748
stream (annulus). ∆Pf = 47.5 psi
The friction factor is calculated from Equation
(4.8): Since this value greatly exceeds the allowed
f = 0.3673Re−0.2314 = 0.3673 8212 −0.2314 pressure drop, the minor losses will not be
f = 0.0456 calculated. This completes the first trial.
m 9692 In summary, there are two problems with the
G= = = 1,171,947 lbm/h. ft 2 initial configuration of the heat exchanger:
Af 0.00827
The pressure drop in the straight sections of pipe is (1) The pressure drop on the annulus side is too
again calculated using Equation (4.5) with the pipe large.
diameter replaced by the equivalent diameter: (2) The Reynolds number in the annulus is less
fLG2 than 10,000.
∆Pf =
7.50 ∗ 1012 De sϕ
 Design of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger
Solution of Example – 1 𝑅𝑒i → 83,217 0.55/2.0 ≅ 23,000
𝑅𝑒o → 8212 2.0/0.55 ≅ 30,000
Since the dimensions of the hairpins are fixed in
Hence, switching the fluids will result in fully
this problem, there are relatively few options
turbulent flow on both sides of the exchanger.
for modifying the design. Two possibilities are:
To estimate the effect on pressure drops, assume that
(1) Switch the fluids, i.e., put the aniline in the
the number of hairpins does not change. Then the main
inner pipe and the benzene in the annulus.
factors affecting ΔP are f and s. Hence,
(2) Connect the annuli in parallel.
∆P ∼ f/s ∼ Re−0.2314 s−1
The effects of these changes on the Reynolds −0.2314
23,000
numbers and pressure drops can be estimated as ∆Pf,i → 6.1 (1.022/0.879)−1 ≅ 7 psi
follows: 83,000
−0.2314
(1) Switch the fluids. Since the flow rates of the 30,000
two streams are approximately the same, the ∆Pf,o → 47.5 (0.879/1.022)−1
8200
Reynolds numbers are essentially inversely ≅ 41 psi
proportional to the viscosity. Thus,
 Design of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger
Solution of Example – 1 (2) Connect the annuli in two parallel banks. This change
will have no effect on the fluid flowing in the inner pipe.
For the fluid in the annulus, however, both the flow rate
and the length of the flow path will be halved. Therefore,
Clearly, switching the fluids does not 𝑅𝑒o → 8212 ∗ 1/2 ≅ 4100
reduce the annulus-side pressure drop Assuming that the number of hairpins does not change,
nearly enough to meet the design ∆Pf,o ∼ fG2 L
specification (unless the number of −0.2314
4100
hairpins is reduced by a factor of at least ∆Pf,o → 47.5 (1/2)2 ∗ (1/2) ≅ 7 psi
8200
two, which is very unlikely).
Apparently this modification will take care of the pressure-
drop problem, but will push the Reynolds number further
into the transition region.
Although neither modification by itself will correct the
problems with the initial design, in combination they
might. Hence, we consider a third alternative.
 Design of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger
Solution of Example – 1
(3) Switch the fluids and connect the annuli in two
parallel banks. The Reynolds numbers will become:
𝑅𝑒i ≅ 23,000 It appears that this alternative will
𝑅𝑒o ≅ 15,000 meet all design requirements.
The pressure drops will become (assuming no change However, it is necessary to perform
in the number of hairpins): the detailed calculations because hi,
ho and the mean temperature
∆Pf,i ≅ 7 psi difference will all change, and hence
−0.2314 the number of hairpins can be
15,000
∆Pf,o → 47.5 (1/2)2 expected to change as well.
8200
∗ (1/2)(0.879/1.022) ≅ 6 psi
 Design of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger
Solution of Example – 1
Second trial
(a) Calculate the LMTD correction factor for the
series/parallel configuration. Aniline in the inner pipe
is the series stream and benzene in the annulus is the
parallel stream. Therefore,
Ta = 150 °F; ta = 150 °F Substituting into Equation (4.16) gives:
Tb = 150 °F; tb = 150 °F
0.8333 − 2
F=
P = (t b − t a )/ (Ta − t a ) 2 0.8333 − 1
= (120 − 60)/ (150 − 60) = 0.667 ln 1 − 0.6667 / 1 − 0.6667 ∗ 0.8333
R = (Ta − Tb )/ (t b − t a ) 0.8333 − 2 2
= (150 − 100)/ (120 − 60) = 0.8333 ln +
0.8333 1 − 0.6667 ∗ 0.8333 1/2 0.8333
x = 2 (number of parallel branches) F = 0.836
 Design of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger
Solution of Example – 1 (c) Calculate hoassuming ϕ o=1.0
m 5000
De 0.0339 ∗ ( )
Af 0.00827
(b) Calculate hiassuming ϕ i=1.0 Re = =
4m 4 ∗ 9692 μ 0.55 ∗ 2.419
Re = = = 15,405 ⟹ turbulent flow
πDi μ π ∗ 0.115 ∗ 2 ∗ 2.419
De 2/3
= 22,180 ⟹ turbulent flow Using the Hausen equation with 1 + = 1.0
L
k k
ℎi = ∗ 0.023Re0.8 Pr1/3 ℎo = ∗ 0.023Re0.8 Pr1/3
Di Di
0.1 0.092
ℎi = ∗ 0.023 22,180 0.8 25.158 1/3
= ∗ 0.023 15,405 0.8
6.0764 1/3
0.115 0.0339
Btu Btu
ℎi = 176 ℎo = 255
h. ft 2 . ℉ h. ft 2 . ℉
 Design of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger
Solution of Example – 1 (f) Calculate UD
(d) Calculatethepipewall temperature Do Do ln(Do / Di ) 1 R Di Do
UD = + + +
1.66 ℎi Di 2k ℎo Di
176 ∗ 125 + 255 90
Tw = 1.38 ≅ 103°F
−1
1.66 + R Do
176 + 255
1.38
(e) Calculate ϕ iand ϕ oand corrected values of hi and 1.66 (1.66/ 12 )ln(1.66/ 1.38 )
ho UD = +
170 ∗ 1.38 2 ∗ 9.4
At 103 F, μA = 2.6 cp and μB =0.5 cp (Figure A.1)
o
−1
0.14 1 0.001 ∗ 1.66
ϕi = 2.0/2.6 = 0.9639 + + + 0.001
ϕo = 0.55/0.5 0.14
= 1.0134 258 1.38
Btu Btu
ℎi = 176 ∗ 0.9639 = 170 UD = 69
h. ft 2 . ℉ h. ft 2 . ℉
Btu
ℎo = 255 ∗ 1.0134 = 258
h. ft 2 . ℉
 Design of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger
Solution of Example – 1 (h) Calculate the pressure drop for the aniline
(g) Calculate the required surface area and number of stream (inner pipe).
hairpins. f = 0.3673Re−0.2314
q = UD AFΔTin = 0.3673 22,180 −0.2314
q 252,000 f = 0.03625
A= = = 125.7ft 2 m 9692
UD 𝐹ΔTin 69 ∗ 0.836 ∗ 34.76 G= = = 931,923 lbm/h. ft 2
125.7 Af 0.0104
L= = 289ft 0.03625(10 ∗ 32)(931,923)2
0.435 ∆Pf =
289 1.38
Number of hairpins = = 9.0 ⇒ 9 7.50 ∗ 1012 ∗ 1.022 ∗ 0.9639
32 12
Thus, nine hairpins are required. However, the equation = 11.9 psi
for the LMTD correction factor is based on the
assumption that both parallel branches are identical.
Therefore, use two banks of five hairpins, for a total of
ten hairpins.
 Design of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger
Solution of Example – 1 (i) Calculate the pressure drop for the benzene
stream (annulus).
∆Pr = 1.6 ∗ 10−13 (2𝑁𝐻𝑃 − 1)G2 /𝑠 The friction factor is calculated from Equation (4.8):
f = 0.3673Re−0.2314 = 0.3673 8212 −0.2314
∆Pr = 1.6 ∗ 10−13 (2 ∗ 10
= 0.03945
− 1) 931,923 2 /1.022 m 5000
∆Pr = 2.6 psi G= = = 604,595 lbm/h. ft 2
Af 0.00827
Since the nozzle losses associated with the fLG2
inner pipes are negligible, the total ∆Pf =
7.50 ∗ 1012 De sϕ
pressure drop, 0.03945(5 ∗ 32)(604,595)2
ΔPi, is: ∆Pf =
7.50 ∗ 1012 ∗ 0.0339 ∗ 0.879 ∗ 1.0134
∆Pi = ∆Pf + ∆Pr = 11.9 + 2.6 = 14.5 psi ∆Pf = 10.2 psi
∆Pr = 1.6 ∗ 10−13 (2𝑁𝐻𝑃 − 1)G2 /𝑠
∆Pr = 1.6 ∗ 10−13 (2 ∗ 5 − 1) 604,595 2 /0.879
∆Pr = 0.6 psi
 Design of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger
Solution of Example – 1 (j) Calculate the over-surface and over-design.
−1
1
Assume the nozzles are made from 1-in. schedule 40 UC = − R D,tot
pipe having a flow area of 0.006ft2 (Table B.2). Then, UD
m 5000
G= = = 833,333 lbm/h. ft 2 1 −1
Af 0.006 = − 0.001(1 + 1.66/1.38)
Assuming internal return bends, Equation (4.14) 69
gives: Btu
= 81.4
∆Pn = 2 ∗ 10−13 𝑁𝐻𝑃 G𝑛2 /𝑠 h. ft 2 . ℉
−13
5 833,333 2 q
= 2 ∗ 10 ∗ A𝐶 =
0.879 UC 𝐹ΔTin
∆Pn = 0.79 psi
252,000
The total pressure drop for the benzene is: A𝐶 = ≅ 107ft 2
∆Po = ∆Pf + ∆Pr + ∆Pn = 10.2 + 0.6 + 0.79 81.4 ∗ 0.836 ∗ 34.76
A = π𝐷𝑜 𝐿 = 0.435 ∗ 10 ∗ 32 = 139ft 2
∆Po ≅ 11.6 psi
 Design of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger
Solution of Example – 1
A − A𝐶 139 − 107
Over − surface = = ≅ 30%
A𝐶 107
The required surface area is 125.7 ft2 from Step (g).

Therefore, the over-design is:

139 − 125.7
Over − design = ≅ 10.6%
125.7
 Design of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger
Example – 2
In a double-pipe heat exchanger, the cold fluid will enter at 30 0C and leave at 60 0C while
the hot fluid will enter at 100 0C and leave at 70 0C. The inner pipe is made of 76.2 mm
schedule 40 carbon steel (k = 45W/m. K). The cold fluid flows through the inner pipe with a
heat-transfer coefficient of 600 W/m2. K, while the hot fluid flows in the annulus with a heat-
transfer coefficient of 1000 W/m2. K. The exchanger duty is 140 kW. Calculate:
a) The average wall temperature of the inner pipe.
b) The clean overall heat-transfer coefficient.
c) The design overall heat-transfer coefficient using a fouling factor of 3.522410-4 m2.K/W
for each stream.
d) The total length of pipe required in the heat exchanger for counter-current flow.
e) The total length of pipe required in the heat exchanger for co-current flow.
 Design of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger
Solution of Example – 2
(a) The average wall temperature of the inner pipe.
hi = 600 W/m2. K, ho = 1000 W/m2. K
k = 45W/m. K, q = 140 kW
Do = 0.0889 m, Di = 0.0779 m
Tave = (70 + 100)/2 = 85 0C, tave = (30 + 60)/2 = 45 0C

= 71.2 0C
 Design of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger
Solution of Example – 2
b) The clean overall heat-transfer coefficient.

= 330 W/m2. K

c) The design overall heat-transfer coefficient using a fouling factor of 3.522410-4

m2.K/W for each stream
RDi = RDo = 3.5224  10-4 m2.K/W

= 264 W/m2. K
 Design of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger
Solution of Example – 2
d) The total length of pipe required in the heat exchanger for counter-current flow.
For counter-current flow, Tlm = 40 0C
= 13.26 m2 L = A/(Do) = 47.5 m

e) The total length of pipe required in the heat exchanger for co-current flow.

For co-current flow, Tln = 30.83 0C

= 17.20 m2 L = A/(Do) = 61.6 m

 Design of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger
Example – 3
4536 kg/h of benzene is to be heated from 15.56 0C to 48.89 0C by heat
exchange with an aniline stream that will be cooled from 65.56 0C to 37.78 0C.
A number of 4.88 m hairpins consisting of 50.8 mm by 31.8 mm schedule 40
stainless steel pipe (k = 16.27 W/m. K) are available and will be used for this
service. Assuming that the benzene flows in the inner pipe, how many hairpins
will be required?

Fluid property Benzene (tave = 32.22 0C) Aniline (Tave = 51.67 0C)
 (kg/m.s) 0.55 ´ 10-3 2.0 ´ 10-3
Cp (kJ/kg.K) 1.7581 2.1766
K (W/m.K) 0.1592 0.1731
 Design of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger
Solution of Example – 3
Determine the heat load and aniline flow rate by energy balances on the two streams.
q = (m Cp T)B = 4536  1.7581  33.33 = 265798 kJ/h
265798 = (m Cp T)A = mA  2.1766  27.78
mA = 4396 kg/h

Calculate the LMTD.

Tlm = (22.22 – 16.67)/ln(22.22/16.67) = 19.31 0C

Calculate hi assuming i = 1.0 = 1647 W/m2. K

 Design of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger
Solution of Example – 3
Calculate ho assuming o = 1.0
Re = 8212  transition flow
Using the Hausen equation with [1 + (De/L)2/3] = 1.0 gives:

= 1607 W/m2. K

Calculate the pipe wall temperature.

= 42.72 0C
 Design of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger
Solution of Example – 3
Calculate i and o and corrected values of hi and ho
At 42.72 0C, B = 0.47  10-3 kg/m.s and A = 2.4  10-3 kg/m.s. Therefore,

i = (0.55/0.47)0.14 = 1.0222
o = (2.0/2.4)0.14 = 0.9748
hi = 1647 (1.0222) = 1684 W/m2. K
ho = 1607 (0.9748) = 1567 W/m2. K

Obtain fouling factors. For liquid organic process chemicals such as benzene and aniline,
a value of 0.001 h.ft2.0F/Btu (1.7612  10-4 m2.K/W) is appropriate.
 Design of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger
Solution of Example – 3
Compute the overall heat-transfer coefficient

= 505 W/m2. K

Calculate the required surface area and number of hairpins.

q = 265798 kJ/h =73833 J/s
A = 73833/(505  19.31) = 7.57 m2
The external surface area per meter of 31.8 mm schedule 40 pipe is 0.1326 m2. So,
L = 7.57/0.1326 = 187.4 ft = 57.1 m
Since each 4.88 m hairpin contains 9.76 m of pipe,
Number of hairpins = 57.1/9.76 = 5.9  6 Thus, six hairpins are required.
 Design of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger
Example – 4
A hot stream is to be cooled from 300 0C to 275 0C in a double-pipe heat exchanger by
heating a cold stream from 100 0C to 290 0C. In order to control pressure drops, the heat
exchanger will be comprised of three parallel banks of hairpins with the hot stream
flowing in series and the cold stream divided into three parallel branches. Calculate the
mean temperature difference for the heat exchanger.

Solution Tlm = 57.65 0C

F = 0.65
Tm = F  Tlm = 0.65  57.65 = 37.5 0C
 References
1 Backhurst, J.R. and Harker J.H., “Coulson and Richardson Chemical Engineering”,
Vol. II, 5th Ed., 2002, Butterworth-Heinemann.
2 Sinnott, R.K., “Coulson and Richardson’s Chemical Engineering Series: Chemical
Engineering Design”, Vol. VI, 4th Ed., 2005, Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann.
3 Serth, R.W., “Process Heat Transfer: Principles and Applications” 2007, Elsevier Ltd.
4 Shah, R.K. and Sekulic, D.P., “Fundamentals of heat Exchanger Design”, 2003, John
Wiley & Sons.
 Summary of the video
 Double pipe heat exchanger with its construction details is
discussed.
 Series an parallel flow in double pipe exchanger is illustrated.
 Design of double pipe heat exchanger is carried out.
 How the properties of a fluid is collected, that is described.
 Design of double pipe heat exchanger is illustrated with the
number of examples.

48
Thank You!

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