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Detailing Guide
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Contents
Conventions used in this guide ..............................................................................................................3
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
Contents
Increasing bolt length ......................................................................................................................... 35 Creating holes............................................................................................................................................... 35 Number of bolts and spacing ................................................................................................................... 36 Bolt group orientation................................................................................................................................ 36 Bolt group pattern....................................................................................................................................... 37 Edge distance................................................................................................................................................ 37 Bolt position.................................................................................................................................................. 37 Vertical bolt position ........................................................................................................................... 38 Horizontal bolt position ..................................................................................................................... 38 Defining slotted holes ................................................................................................................................ 39 Deleting bolts................................................................................................................................................ 40 Defining bolt assemblies............................................................................................................................ 41 Welds............................................................................................................................................................... 41 AutoConnection .................................................................................................................. 42 AutoConnection setup................................................................................................................................ 42 AutoConnection rule groups ............................................................................................................. 44 AutoConnection rule sets .................................................................................................................. 44 Rules.zxt ................................................................................................................................................ 45 Changing a connection ...................................................................................................................... 46 Using AutoConnection ............................................................................................................................... 46 AutoDefaults ....................................................................................................................... 47 AutoDefaults setup...................................................................................................................................... 48 Connection properties files ............................................................................................................... 49 Saving connection properties ........................................................................................................... 49 Access to properties files ................................................................................................................... 49 Defaults.zxt ............................................................................................................................................ 50 Priority of rule sets .............................................................................................................................. 50 Editing connection properties .......................................................................................................... 50 Using AutoDefaults ..................................................................................................................................... 51 How to use AutoDefaults effectively ..................................................................................................... 51 Checking AutoDefaults properties .......................................................................................................... 51 Checking AutoDefaults rules .................................................................................................................... 51 AutoConnection and AutoDefaults rules .............................................................................................. 51 Combining and iterating properties ................................................................................................ 53 Limitations ............................................................................................................................................. 54 Combining properties .......................................................................................................................... 55 Iteration with connection check ...................................................................................................... 56 Reaction forces and UDL .................................................................................................................... 57 Using the joints.def file...................................................................................................... 57 About joints.def............................................................................................................................................ 58 How joints.def works ........................................................................................................................... 58 How to read joints.def ........................................................................................................................ 58 Entering values ..................................................................................................................................... 59 Connections that use joints.def............................................................................................................... 59
5
1.6
1.7
1.8
Contents
Defining general defaults.......................................................................................................................... 60 Defining bolt diameter and number of rows ....................................................................................... 61 Clip angle, shear plate, and end plate connections ................................................................... 61 Gusset connections .............................................................................................................................. 62 Diagonal connections ......................................................................................................................... 62 Defining other bolt and part properties ................................................................................................ 62 Gusset connection properties ........................................................................................................... 64 Diagonal connection properties ....................................................................................................... 67 Profile type-dependent bolt dimensions ....................................................................................... 68 How Tekla Structures uses joints.def ..................................................................................................... 69 Using Excel in connection design...................................................................................... 70 Setting up Excel files .................................................................................................................................. 71 Sample implementation............................................................................................................................. 71 Indicating component status ................................................................................................................... 74
1.9
2
2.1 2.2
Reinforcement .............................................................................................. 77
Getting started with reinforcement.................................................................................. 77 Basic reinforcement properties ......................................................................................... 78 Hooks............................................................................................................................................................... 79 Concrete cover.............................................................................................................................................. 81 Spacing reinforcing bars............................................................................................................................ 82 Omitting reinforcing bars.......................................................................................................................... 83 User-defined attributes of reinforcement ............................................................................................ 83 Meshes............................................................................................................................................................ 83 Single bars, bar groups, and meshes ................................................................................. 84 Reinforcing Bar Shape Catalog................................................................................................................ 85 Reinforcing bar............................................................................................................................................. 87 Reinforcing bar group................................................................................................................................. 89 Curved reinforcing bar group ................................................................................................................... 92 Circular reinforcing bar group ................................................................................................................. 93 Reinforcement mesh................................................................................................................................... 94 Reinforcement strand pattern.................................................................................................................. 97 Reinforcement splice .................................................................................................................................. 99 Working with reinforcement ........................................................................................... 100 Attaching reinforcement to parts ........................................................................................................ 101 Using reinforcement handles ................................................................................................................ 101 Using adaptivity ........................................................................................................................................ 102 Reinforcement geometry validity......................................................................................................... 105 Modifying reinforcement ................................................................................................. 105 Ungrouping a reinforcement ................................................................................................................. 105 Grouping reinforcements........................................................................................................................ 107 Adding points to a reinforcement........................................................................................................ 108
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
Removing points from a reinforcement ............................................................................................. 109 Splitting reinforcing bar groups ........................................................................................................... 110 Splitting reinforcing bars in a group................................................................................................... 110 Combining two reinforcing bars or reinforcing bar groups into one......................................... 110 Customizing reinforcement meshes .................................................................................................... 110 Exploding reinforcement ........................................................................................................................ 112 Defining custom reinforcement components ................................................................................... 113 Reinforcing bar bending shapes in Rebar Shape Manager........................................... 113 Reinforcing bar bending shapes in the RebarShapeRules.xml file ............................................. 114 Defining reinforcing bar bending shapes in Rebar Shape Manager........................................... 114 Adding new bending shape rules manually ...................................................................................... 116 Bending shape rule settings ........................................................................................................... 116 Bending schedule fields in Rebar Shape Manager.......................................................................... 118 Reinforcing bar bending types ........................................................................................ 120 Reinforcement in templates .................................................................................................................. 140
1
Introduction
Getting Started
Once you have created a frame of parts in your Tekla Structures model, you will need to connect those parts to complete the model. Tekla Structures contains a wide range of components that you can use to automate the process of creating a model. This chapter explains the basics about components - what they are and how to create them using Tekla Structures. We will begin with the basic concepts, followed by a general description of components properties. Finally, we will show you how to use components in practice.
Contents
Basics of components (9) Component catalog (17) Using components (23) Defining parts and plates (30) Defining bolts and welds (33) AutoConnection (42) AutoDefaults (47) Using the joints.def file (57) Using Excel in connection design (70)
Benefits
Getting Started
Basics of components
Component dialog box (11) Selection order (13) Up direction (13) Automatic and default properties (14) General tab (15) Design and Design type tabs (16)
Component concepts
Components are tools that automate tasks and group objects so that Tekla Structures treats them as a single unit. Components adapt to changes in the model, which means that Tekla Structures automatically modifies a component if you modify the parts it connects.
Select the main part. Select the secondary part. To see information about the connection, click the connection symbol. The connection automatically creates the required parts, fittings, bolts, etc. Component types Components have the following subtypes: Component type Description Connection Connects two or more parts, and creates all the required objects such as cuts, fittings, parts, bolts, and welds.
Symbol
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Basics of components
Component Description type Detail Adds a detail or a reinforcement to a main part. A detail is only connected to one part. When you create a detail, Tekla Structures prompts you to select a part, followed by a point to place the detail. Automatically creates and assembles the parts to build a structure, but does not connect the structure to existing parts. Modeling tools can include connections and details.
Examples Stiffeners, base plates, lifting hooks Beam reinforcement, pad footing reinforcement Stairs, frames, towers
Symbol
Modeling tool
Tekla Structures contains hundreds of system components by default. You can also create your own components, custom components. They have following subtypes:
All components are stored in the Component catalog (17). To open the component catalog, use the keyboard shortcut Ctrl + F. See also What is a custom component Creating custom components
Getting Started
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Basics of components
Tabs Tekla Structures uses the automatic property value The parts the component creates appear in yellow The green symbol indicates the correct direction for the connection or detail. The parts you select appear in blue. Tekla Structures uses the default property value Lower part The lower section of the dialog box is divided into tabs. This is where you define the properties of the parts and bolts that the component creates. The most common tabs that appear here are:
Picture illustrates the component. It shows just one example, but you can usually use one component in many situations. Parts is where you define the properties of the parts the component creates Parameters is where you set parameters to control the component (for example, for stiffeners, end plates, chamfers, etc.)
Getting Started
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Basics of components
See also
Bolts is where you define the number of bolts and their edge distances General is where you define the direction of the connection or detail and AutoDefaults rules
Defining parts and plates (30) Defining bolts and welds (33)
Selection order
To create a connection you need to select or pick existing parts or points. The default selection order for a connection is: 1. Main part 2. Secondary part(s) 3. If there is more than one secondary part, click the middle mouse button to finish selecting parts and create the connection. Some connection dialog boxes illustrate the selection order for parts using numbers, as shown below. Select the parts in the order shown in the picture:
Details
The default selection order for a detail is: 1. Main part. 2. A point in the main part to show the location of the detail.
Modeling tools
The default picking order for a modeling tool is: 1. Pick one to three point(s) to show the location of the objects the modeling tool creates.
Up direction
The up direction of a connection or a detail indicates how the connection is rotated around the secondary part, relative to the current work plane. If there are no secondary parts, Tekla Structures rotates the connection around the main part. The options are: +x, -x, +y, -y, +z, -z. The Picture tab in the dialog box shows the up direction Tekla Structures will use. Tekla Structures also indicates the up direction in the connection symbol:
Getting Started
13
Basics of components
To manually define the up direction: 1. Double-click the connection symbol to open the connection dialog box. 2. On the General tab, change the x, y, or z direction. Try positive directions first. 3. Click Modify to use the new values.
Icon
Description To have Tekla Structures use a default property in a connection, select the option marked with this symbol. If you use AutoDefaults for the connection, Tekla Structures uses the property defined in the AutoDefaults rules. If you are not using AutoDefaults, Tekla Structures creates the connection using the system default property. If AutoDefaults have been used, the actual picture in the default option does not necessairly match the outcome.
Getting Started
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Basics of components
Icon
Description To have Tekla Structures automatically determine which option to use for a property, select the option marked with this symbol. Example, Boomerang bracing connection (60):
More information
Use the Automatic option on the Gussetbolt1 tab to have Tekla Structures determine how the clip angle is connected to the gusset plate and beam. See also Using the joints.def file (57)
General tab
Connections and details have the same General tab. It contains the following properties: Field Up direction Description Rotates the connection around the secondary part or detail around the main part. The fields next to the image define rotation angle around the x- and y-axis of the secondary. The upper one is for y- and the lower one for x. Position in relation to primary part Available only for details. Select a checkbox next to the images to indicate the position of the definition point of the detail, relative to the main part. Use the Horizontal offset and Vertical offset fields to define the horizontal and vertical alignment of the detail, relative to the main part. Locked Class Prevents modifications. A number given to all parts the connection creates. You can use class to define the color of parts in the model. Locking objects Color settings for parts More information Up direction (13)
Getting Started
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Basics of components
Description Identifies the connection. Tekla Structures can display this connection code in connection marks in drawings. Automatically sets connection properties according to the selected rule group. To switch AutoDefaults off, select the rule group None. Automatically switches the connection to another according to the selected rule group.
More information
Use AutoDefaults rule groups to automatically modify component properties to take the calculated load. To define which AutoDefaults rule group to use, go to the General tab and select the rule in the AutoDefaults rule group list box. For more information, see Reaction forces and UDL (57). Use information in an Excel spreadsheet to check connection design and automatically update component properties to bear the UDL. This is useful when you want to check connection design according to other design codes. See Using Excel in connection design (70).
Design tab
To check the design of a component that has a Design tab page: 1. Go to the Design tab and select Yes in the Use UDL listbox. 2. To use information in an Excel spreadsheet in the UDL calculation, select Excel in the External design listbox. 3. Enter the information you want to use in the calculation in the remaining fields. 4. Select a connection in the model and click Modify. To view the results of the check, right-click the component symbol and select Inquire from the pop-up menu.The inquire object window opens, which contains a summary of the design checks and related information. See also Using Excel in connection design (70).
To check the design of a component that has a Design type tab page: 1. Open the component properties dialog box. 2. Go to the Design type tab and select Yes in the Check connection list box. Tekla Structures will check the connection each time it is used or changed in a model. 3. Enter the information you want to use in the calculation in the remaining fields. 4. Select a connection in the model and click Modify. 5. Tekla Structures checks the component. A green component symbol indicates that the connection will bear the UDL, red indicates it will not.
Getting Started
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Basics of components
6. To view the results of the check, right-click the component symbol and select Inquire from the pop-up menu. The inquire object window opens, which contains a summary of the design check. The summary of the design check shows the part checked, the name of the check, the applied and allowed force and how much capacity has been used, the results and possible solutions.
Component catalog example
search using name, number, or keywords start creating view properties collect your own favorites define keywords edit or add descriptions import/export
This example shows the search results for the search term "Part":
Getting Started
17
Component catalog
Search View folders View details View thumbnails Show/ hide descriptions Create a component using the component tool you used last with its current properties. Double-click the name to set the properties and create the component. Component description Custom components have yellow symbols. System components have blue symbols. To sort a column, click the header cell.
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Component catalog
You can create a list of favorite components. To add a component to your list, right-click the component name in the component catalog, and then select Add to Favorites in the pop-up menu.
By default, components are grouped in folders based on their type and framing condition. You can add and remove components, and create folders and subfolders. To create new folders in the Folders tree view, right-click a level in the tree and select an option from the pop-up menu:
Create New Folder to create folder at the same level Create New Sub-folder to create a folder one level below
Information on the folders you create is stored in the ComponentCatalogTreeView.txt file that is located in the ..\TeklaStructuresModels\<model>\attributes\ folder. For more information, see Copying components to another folder (22). Modifying Search and Folders views
The default view settings for the Search view are stored in the ComponentCatalog.txt file that is located in the ..\Tekla Structures\<version>\environments\<environment>\system folder. If you modify the file, the Search view and the Search results branch in the Folders view change. The default tree settings for the Folders view are stored in the ComponentCatalogTreeView.txt file that is located in the ..\Tekla Structures\<version>\environments\<environment>\system folder. If you modify the file, the Folders view changes.
Symbols The first column in the catalog indicates the component types with following symbols: Symbol Component type System connections System detail System modeling tool Custom connections and seams Custom details Custom parts Sketched cross sections Pop-up menus System components Right-click a system component in the Search view list to open a pop-up menu containing the following commands:
Getting Started
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Component catalog
Custom components
Properties... Edit Keywords... Add to Favorites Add to Search Result... Remove from Search Result Change picture... AutoDefaults... Import...
Right-click a custom component in the Search view list to open a pop-up menu containing the following commands:
Sketched cross sections
Properties... Edit keywords... Add to Favorites Add to Search Result... Remove from Search result Change Picture... Export... Import... Edit Custom Component Delete Custom Component
Right-click a sketch in the Search view list to open a pop-up menu containing the following commands:
See also
Properties... Edit Keywords... Add to Favorites Add to Search Result... Remove from Search Result Export... Import... Change Picture... Delete
Thumbnail images (20) Descriptions and keywords (21) Grouping components (21) Managing custom components Sketched cross sections
Thumbnail images
Most system components have a default thumbnail image in the component catalog, which shows you a typical situation where the component can be used. For example, this is what the thumbnail image for Bolted gusset (11) connection looks like:
Getting Started
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Component catalog
To edit a thumbnail image for a component: 1. Create an image and save it in bmp format in ..\Tekla Structures\<version>\nt\bitmaps folder.
To create the image, you can use Create View > Default Views of Component and Screenshot commands, for example.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Press Ctrl + F to open the component catalog. Right-click the component and select Change picture... Locate the thumbnail and select it. Click OK. Tekla Structures links the thumbnail to the component.
Keywords
The default component descriptions are stored in the xslib.db1 file, located in the model folder. To add or edit a description, type text in the description field. When you select another component in the component catalog, Tekla Structures prompts you to save the description you added or edited. After you have saved the description, save the model also. Edited component descriptions are model-specific.
To add or edit keywords, right-click a component in the component catalog, and select Edit keywords... Keywords you add or edit are saved in ComponentCatalog.txt file in the current model folder. You can combine ComponentCatalog.txt files and move them to the system folder:..\Tekla Structures\<version>\environments\<environment>\system.
Grouping components
To create a new folder based on the results of a search:
Getting Started
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Component catalog
In the Component catalog, enter your search criteria and click Search. To group the search results in a new folder, click Store. In the Store search result dialog box, enter a name for the folder and click OK. The new folder appears in the tree.
or
Remove, if it is a default group. Remove from search result if the folder was created from a search.
Getting Started
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Component catalog
1. To save a copy of the component, well right-click the component symbol in the model, and select Publish in catalog.... The Publish in catalog dialog box appears.
2. We can add the component to a specific group. By default, the component is added to the All group. 3. By default the component uses the same thumbnail image as the original component. To change the thumbnail, see Thumbnail images (20).
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Using components
Creating components
You create different types of component in different ways. For example, you select existing parts to indicate which members a connection or a detail is attached to. You need to pick points to indicate the location or length of a detail or a modeling tool. See also Selection order (13). When you create connections, Tekla Structures prompts you to select the main part (the part secondary parts connect to), then the secondary part(s). For an example of using a connection, see Example: Adding an end plate (24). Status Tekla Structures uses different-colored component symbols to show the status of connections and details: Color Status Component created successfully. Green Component created, but has problems. Yellow Component failed. Often occurs when bolts or holes have an edge distance less than the default value for that component. A common reason is that the up direction is not appropriate. See Up direction (13). Tip
Red
When applying a component that you are unfamiliar with, accept the default properties and apply the component. Then look to see what needs to be modified. This is quicker than trying to set the values for the component before seeing what the component actually creates.
Getting Started
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Using components
5. Select the next main part or interrupt the command. If you need to change the number of bolts or plate dimensions, for example, you need to modify the component. For more information, see Modifying components (27). If you use incorrect properties, Tekla Structures may fail to create the component. For more information, see Creating components (24).
To add a base plate to a column: 1. Open an elevation view. 2. Open the component catalog. 3. Enter base plate in the Search field and click Search.
4. To view pictures of the components in the search results, click the Thumbnails icon
Getting Started
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Using components
5. Click Base plate (1004). This component creates a base plate with anchor bolts. 6. The prompt Pick part appears on the status bar. Select the column. 7. The prompt Pick position appears on the status bar. Pick the point at the base of the column to indicate where to create the base plate. 8. Tekla Structures creates the base plate. 9. Examine the component to see if you need to make any changes. 10. Check that the connection symbol is green, which indicates that the connection was created successfully. 11. Change the dimensions of the anchor rods. To make it easier to select components, click the Select component icon .
12. Double-click the component to open the Tekla Structures Base plate (1004) dialog box. 13. Go to the Anchor rods tab. Change the dimensions of the anchor rods. 14. To change only this base plate, select Ignore other types in the list in the top section of the dialog box:
Click Modify. Tekla Structures changes the dimensions of the anchor rods. Click OK to close the dialog box. Right-click and select Interrupt from the pop-up menu to end the command. Check that the connection symbol is green, which indicates that the connection was created successfully.
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Using components
1. Open the component catalog. 2. Select Beam to column connections in the list. The list of beam to column connections appears in the main pane. 3. Select Column with stiffeners (186). 4. The prompt Pick main part appears on the status bar. Select the column. 5. The prompt Pick secondary part appears on the status bar. Select the beam. 6. Tekla Structures creates the connection. 7. Click OK to close the dialog box. 8. Right-click and select Interrupt from the pop-up menu to end the command. 9. Check that the connection symbol is green, which indicates that the connection was created successfully. 10. Examine the component to see if you need to make any changes.
Viewing components
You can create several views of a component to view it from different viewpoints. To create views of a component: 1. Click the component symbol to select the component. 2. To create views, right-click and select Create View > Default Views of Component from the pop-up menu. Tekla Structures creates four views: front, end, top, and perspective.
To check dimensions, such as bolt locations and edge distances, work in the Component front view and use the Measure tool.
Modifying components
To modify a component, double-click the component symbol in the model. The component dialog box appears. This is where you modify the component properties.
If you have Select component switched on , you do not have to pick component symbol, but you can just pick any object belonging to a component. This is the only method for selecting custom parts, because they do not have any symbol. You can also indicate which connections and details are affected by the modifications:
Modify connection type: If you have selected several connections and details, clicking the Modify button modifies all the selected connections and details irrespective of their type. If the connection type is not the same as in the dialog box, Tekla Structures changes the connection type. Ignore other types: Tekla Structures only modifies connections and details of the type shown in dialog box.
Getting Started
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Using components
Conceptual components
Depending on the Tekla Structures configuration you are using, you can create either detailed or conceptual components. Conceptual components are meant to be used as reference information for further fabrication detailing. Conceptual components look similar to detailed components but do not include the option to change part numbering or assembly numbering settings. Conceptual components can be created only with Engineering and Cast in Place configurations. However, you can edit conceptual components in Full, Steel Detailing, or Precast Concrete Detailing configurations. Conceptual components can be converted to detailed components that include all the information needed for fabrication, such as assemblies, cast units, and reinforcing bars. The conversion to detailed components can be done in Full, Steel Detailing, or Precast Concrete Detailing configurations. Modifying part properties, such as the size of the component main part, does not automatically convert a detailed component to a conceptual one, or vice versa. For example, if you use the Engineering configuration and modify the model, detailed components do not convert to conceptual components. Component Conceptual Symbol Configuration Engineering Cast in Place Description Conceptual component does not create assemblies or cast units. The dialog box is the same as in detailed component, but does not contain fields for part and assembly positions. Full Steel Detailing Precast Concrete Detailing Round Detailed component contains part and assembly numbering fields, and creates needed assemblies and cast units.
Rectangular
Detailed
Detailed components can be converted to conceptual components in Engineering and Cast in Place configurations.
See also
Converting a conceptual component to a detailed component (28) Converting a conceptual component to a detailed component An individual conceptual component that has been created with Engineering or Reinforced Concrete Detailing configuration can be converted to a detailed component in Full, Steel Detailing, and Precast Concrete Detailing configurations. To convert a conceptual component to a detailed component:
Getting Started
28
Using components
1. Select the component symbol. 2. Click Detailing > Component > Convert to Detailing Component.
If you want to convert a detailed component to a conceptual component in Engineering or Reinforced Concete Detailing configuration, right-click and select Convert to Conceptual Component. See also Conceptual components (28)
Default: Tekla Structures creates stiffeners or uses value retrieved from AutoDefaults. Automatic: Tekla Structures creates or omits stiffeners depending on the situation in the model. Tekla Structures does not create stiffeners
You need to specify profiles for some components. If a component fails, try entering a valid profile.
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Using components
Parts can also appear on separate tabs. For example, in connection 56, Corner tube gusset, the parts appear on both the Gusset and Brace conn tabs.
Dimensioning parts
Use the Parts tabs to dimension specific part types in components.
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Dimension t b h
You do not have to enter these dimensions for every component type, as Tekla Structures determines the plate shape differently for different components. For example, in end plate connections, Tekla Structures calculates width and height using the number of bolts and bolt edge distances. Click Help in a component dialog box to check which dimensions you need to enter. Beams To specify a library or parametric profile to use for beams:
Enter the profile name. Or click , and select a profile from the profile catalog.
Part position number Use the Pos_no field to enter the part position number for each part the component creates. This overrides the settings on the Tools > Options > Options... > Components tab. Specify a prefix and a start number, as shown below.
Prefix Start number Some component dialog boxes have a second row of Pos_no fields for you to enter the assembly position number. Using the Components tab To set the default prefix and start number for all the parts that components create, click Tools > Options > Options... > Components. You define different prefixes and start numbers according to the parts relationship to other parts in the component. Separate the prefix and part number using the \ character (for example, p\1).
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Defining materials
To define the materials for the parts that components create, click next to the Material field. Tekla Structures opens the Select Material dialog box. Click a material type, then click the material to use for the part.
Getting Started
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Using the Components tab To set the default part material for the parts that components create, click Tools > Options > Options... > Components tab, and use the Part material field. Tekla Structures uses this default if you leave the Material field blank in the component dialog box when you apply the component.
Getting Started
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Slotted hole dimensions Slotted to create slotted hole in part Check bolt components to include (bolt, washer, screw). Shank length protruding from the nut Bolt spacing - vertical
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Number of bolts Enter bolt order number of bolt to delete. Edge distance Bolt spacing (horizontal) Number of bolts Bolt group pattern Horizontal Vertical
Defining bolts
Use the following fields on the Bolts tab to specify the type of bolts to use in individual components: Dialog box text Description Bolt size Bolt standard Tolerance Thread in mat Must be defined in the bolt assembly catalog. See also The bolt and bolt assembly catalogs. The bolt standard to use inside the component. Must be defined in the bolt assembly catalog. Gap between bolt and hole. Indicate if the thread can be inside bolted parts when using bolts with a shaft. Has no effect if using fullthreaded bolts. Location where bolts should be attached.
Site/Workshop
Increasing bolt length To allow for additional material thickness, increase the length of the bolt on the Bolts tab. For example, you could use this for painted parts. Enter extra bolt length
Tekla Structures uses this value in bolt length calculation. See Bolt length calculation.
Creating holes
To only create a hole, deselect all the components in the illustration on the Bolts tab.
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Number of bolts Bolt spacing The settings above result in this bolt group layout:
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Edge distance
Edge distance is the distance from the center of a bolt to the edge of the part. Enter top, bottom, left, and right edge distances on the Bolts tab. A dimension line on the illustration shows each dimension. See also Using the joints.def file (57).
Bolt position
In the list box on the Bolts tab, select an option to indicate how to measure dimensions for vertical and horizontal bolt position. Then enter the dimension in the fields indicated below. If you leave this field blank, Tekla Structures uses a system default value.
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Enter dimensions Measure dimension from.... Vertical bolt position Use these options to indicate how Tekla Structures measures vertical dimensions: Option Top Dimension from Upper edge of secondary part to uppermost bolt. Illustration
Middle
Bottom
Horizontal bolt position Use these options to indicate how Tekla Structures measures horizontal dimensions:
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Option Left
Illustration
Middle
Centerline of bolts.
Right
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For some components you can specify which parts have slotted holes using the Bolts tab. For example, Clip angle (141), Shear plate simple (146).
You can also use the Bolt command to modify bolt groups after creating components. For more information, see Holes.
Deleting bolts
To delete bolts from a bolt group: 1. 2. 3. 4. Double click the component symbol to open the component dialog box. Go to the Bolts tab. Check Delete. Enter the bolt number(s) of the bolt(s) to delete, separated by a space. Bolt numbers run left to right and top down. 5. Click Modify to change the selected component. 6. Click OK to exit the component dialog box. Example You start with this bolt group:
Getting Started
To change the bolt assemblies in the current component: 1. 2. 3. 4. Click the component symbol to select it. Check the pieces to use. Check Effect in modify. Click the Modify button.
Welds
To define the properties of the welds Tekla Structures uses in a component, click the Welds button in the component properties dialog box. Tekla Structures displays the appropriate weld dialog box. The illustration identifies each weld using a number. For each weld, use row 1 to define the arrow side of the weld, and row 2 for the other side.
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See also
Welds
1.6 AutoConnection
Introduction Use AutoConnection to automatically select and apply connections with predefined properties to selected parts in a model. With AutoConnection, Tekla Structures automatically creates similar connections for similar framing conditions.
AutoDefaults allows you to modify standard connection properties and save them for use in specific
circumstances. You can define rule groups and rule sets for both AutoConnection and AutoDefaults to use for different conditions within the model. You can use AutoDefaults together with AutoConnection to define connection properties. You can also use AutoDefaults to define connection properties and apply them to a single connection. Test model Before using AutoConnections and AutoDefaults in a working model, we recommend that you create a test model, and create all the connection conditions in it that you need for a particular project. You can then use this test model to check the rules and properties of various connection types. It also acts as a quick reference for connection information. AutoConnection setup (42) AutoConnection rule groups (44) AutoConnection rule sets (44) Rules.zxt (45) Changing a connection (46) Using AutoConnection (46) AutoDefaults (47) AutoConnection and AutoDefaults rules (51)
See also
AutoConnection setup
With AutoConnection you can define groups of rules which Tekla Structures automatically applies when you use AutoConnection to create connections in a model. For example, you can create separate rules for different standards, projects, manufacturers, and even individual models. By using a rule group to select connections and connection properties, you can create connections automatically, without having to select each connection and define its properties individually. Tree structure To access the AutoConnection Setup dialog box, click Detailing > AutoConnection > AutoConnection Settings.... The connection types used in various cases are shown in a tree structure:
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AutoConnection
Icon
Description The 1st level in the tree shows the rule groups. These are userdefinable. They help you to group the rules according to different standards, projects, manufacturers, and models. The 2nd level shows the different predefined framing conditions (connection types). Tekla Structures creates them automatically and you cannot change them. The framing conditions include the following: beam to beam web, beam to beam flange, beam to column web, beam to column flange, beam splice, and column splice.
Framing condition
Rule set
Under each framing condition you can create rule sets to specify which connection to use for specific conditions within the model. The connection to apply if the rule set criteria are met.
Connection
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AutoConnection
To apply a particular connection, the conditions within the model have to match all the rules in the branch containing the connection. If you do not want to apply a connection for certain rules sets, right-click the connection name and then select No connection from the pop-up menu.
The order of the rules in the tree is important. Tekla Structures uses the first rule that matches the conditions within the model, so you should place the most limiting rule highest in the tree, and the most generic, lowest. Restrictions AutoConnection has the following restrictions:
See also
You can have a maximum of two secondary parts in the connection (for example, you cannot use complex gussets with several secondaries). AutoConnection uses profile height and ID number as the criteria for determining 1. secondary and 2. secondary parts. AutoDefaults only affects connection parts (clip angles, shear tabs, end plates, ), bolts, and welds. AutoDefaults cannot change beam profiles or the connection number.
For more information on rules, see AutoConnection rule groups (44) and AutoConnection rule sets (44). For more information on how to use AutoConnection, see Using AutoConnection (46). AutoConnection rule groups Before using AutoConnection, you need to define rule groups, so that you can group the rules according to different standards, projects, manufacturers, etc. To create a new rule group: 1. Open your test model. Click Detailing > AutoConnection > AutoConnection Settings.... 2. Right-click an existing rule group, and select New rule group from the pop-up menu. 3. Double-click the group New and rename it. Give it a distinctive name.
Give the rule group a name that reflects the group of connections that you want to create. For example, use the fabricator's name, the project name, or any name that will clearly identify the connection rules that you want to use for a specific model. When you create a new rule group, Tekla Structures automatically adds the framing conditions branches under it (beam to beam web, beam to beam flange etc.). AutoConnection rule sets Each framing condition can contain rule sets, which you can use to specify which connection to use for specific conditions within the model. You only need to create AutoConnection rule sets if you plan to use different connections to connect similar framing conditions. For example, you have beam to beam connections, some require clip angles, others need shear tabs. In this case, you need to set up rule sets to determine where each connection type should be used. Creating a rule set To add a new rule set under a framing condition: 1. Right-click the framing condition. A pop-up menu appears. 2. Select New rule set. A New entry appears in the tree. 3. Give the new rule set a descriptive name. 1. Right-click an existing rule set. A pop-up menu appears. 2. Select Create additional rule sets. A New entry appears in the tree.
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AutoConnection
3. Give the new subrule set a descriptive name. Creating a new rule set or subrule set only adds a rule set to the setup tree. You need to define its contents separately. See AutoConnection (42). Editing a rule set You can edit the contents of a rule set (for example, change the name or add rules to it): 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Right-click the rule set. A pop-up menu appears. Select Edit rule set... to open the AutoConnection Rules dialog box. Select a rule from the Available rules list. Click the right arrow button to move the selected rule into the list of rules in the rule set. In the right pane under Rules in rule set, fill in the acceptable values for the rule. You can either define an exact value, or minimum and maximum values. 6. The name you enter in the Rule set name field is shown in the setup tree.
The order of the rules in the tree is important. Tekla Structures uses the first rule that matches the conditions within the model, so you should place the most limiting rule highest in the tree, and the most generic, lowest. You can change the priority of a rule set by right-clicking the rule set and selecting Move Up or Move Down. For more information on rules, see AutoConnection and AutoDefaults rules (51). Rules.zxt When you use AutoConnection, Tekla Structures creates an Attributes subfolder in the current model folder and saves the AutoConnection information in a zipped text file called rules.zxt. You can copy this file to the project or firm folders to make it available for other models (see also Project and firm folders). Each time you modify AutoConnection setup you need to recopy this file to the firm and/or project folders. When you copy this file for use in other projects, remember to restart Tekla Structures to use the new setup.
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AutoConnection
Changing a connection To change the connection in a rule set, use the Component catalog dialog box which lists all the Tekla Structures connections available in the connection toolbars. To open the Component catalog: 1. Right-click a connection in the AutoConnection Setup tree. A pop-up menu appears. 2. Select Select connection type... to open the Component catalog dialog box. 3. Select a connection and click OK to update the tree. Deleting an item Use the Delete rule set command in the pop-up menu to delete a rule set from the Setup tree. This also deletes its subrule sets.
Using AutoConnection
Use AutoConnection to have Tekla Structures automatically create connections using a predefined set of rules, or rule group. Creating connections To create connections using AutoConnection: 1. Pick the parts to connect. 2. Click Detailing > AutoConnection... > Create connections to display the AutoConnection dialog box. 3. Select a rule group in the first list box on the Rule groups tab as shown below.
Rule group for AutoConnection Rule group for AutoDefaults 4. Click the Create connections button. When you use AutoConnection, Tekla Structures ignores the properties in the connection dialog boxes and creates connections using the properties defined in the rule group. Tekla Structures does not modify existing connections. You can change the properties of connections you create using AutoConnection. Additional options Use the options on the Advanced tab to indicate which rule groups you want to use for each Framing condition (beam to beam web, beam to beam flange, etc.). You also have the option not to apply a rule group, or to apply a specific connection. You can use a rule group for all framing types other than beam to column flange, and indicate a particular connection to use for that framing type.
Example
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AutoConnection
Options
Use Connection selection to indicate your preferences for each framing condition. You have the following options: Option None AutoConnection Result Tekla Structures does not create a connection. Tekla Structures applies the connection defined in the rule group you have indicated in the first list box on the Rule groups tab. Click Select to pick from a list of available connections. Click a connection, then OK. Tekla Structures creates the connection you specify using the default properties. See Automatic and default properties (14). Use Parameters selection to indicate which connection properties you want to use. The options are: Option AutoDefaults Result Tekla Structures applies the properties of the rule group you have indicated in the first list box on Rule groups tab. Tekla Structures applies the default connection properties. See Automatic and default properties (14).
A named connection
No AutoDefaults
1.7 AutoDefaults
Introduction Use AutoDefaults to automatically apply connections. When you use AutoDefaults, Tekla Structures automatically creates connections with predefined properties. For example, you can use AutoDefaults to automatically adjust the thickness of each base plate you create, according to the main part profile. If the main part profile changes, Tekla Structures will also automatically adjust the thickness of the base plate. See also AutoConnection (42) AutoDefaults setup (48) Connection properties files (49) Saving connection properties (49) Access to properties files (49) Defaults.zxt (50) Priority of rule sets (50) Editing connection properties (50) Using AutoDefaults (51) How to use AutoDefaults effectively (51) Checking AutoDefaults properties (51) Checking AutoDefaults rules (51)
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AutoDefaults
AutoDefaults setup
With AutoDefaults you can create rules defining when to use different predefined connection properties. When you modify connections (for example changing the beam size), Tekla Structures automatically redefines the connection properties using AutoDefaults setup. Use AutoDefaults to modify standard connection properties and save the modified properties for use in specific situations. Tree structure To open the AutoDefaults setup dialog box, click Detailing > AutoConnection > AutoDefaults Settings.... The connection types used in various cases are shown in a tree structure:
Icon
Description The 1st level in the tree contains rule groups. The rule groups are userdefinable. They help you to group rules according to different standards, projects, manufacturers, and models. The next two levels show all the connections available on the toolbars. They are predefined and you cannot change them.
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AutoDefaults
Icon
Description Under each connection you can create rule sets to specify which connection properties to use when specific conditions within the model are met. Every branch in the tree ends with connection properties file(s) (for example, standard.j144). You can save connection properties that you want to use again. See Saving connection properties (49).
Rule sets
You define AutoDefaults rule sets in the same way as AutoConnection rule sets. See AutoConnection rule sets (44). Tekla Structures saves the AutoDefaults rules in the defaults.zxt file in the current model folder. You may want to copy defaults.zxt and all the connection properties files associated with it (for example, sec_0-190.j141) to the firm or project folders to use in other models. See Defaults.zxt (50). Connection properties files By default, each connection has a standard properties file which defines the standard properties for the connection (for example, standard.j144). You can save connection properties that you want to use again in separate properties files and give them a distinctive name. Saving connection properties To save connection properties for later use in similar conditions within the model, you can save them in a properties file: 1. Set the properties you want to save (for example, bolt, profile, material properties). 2. In the Save as field, enter a distinctive name for the connection properties. Enter the same name in the Connection code field and click Save as.
When you save connection properties to use with AutoDefaults, it is a good idea to enter the same name in the Save as and Connection code fields on the General tab. This means you can easily check later which properties Tekla Structures used in specific situations. Tekla Structures does not automatically show the AutoDefault values in the connection properties fields. Tekla Structures creates the properties file in an Attributes subfolder in the current model folder. The filename consists of the name you entered in Save as and the extension .jXXX, where XXX is the connection number (for example, sec_0-190.j141). Access to properties files To view the list of properties files for a certain connection: 1. In the AutoDefaults Setup tree, select a properties file (for example, standard.j144). 2. Right-click the selected properties file. A pop-up menu appears. 3. Click Select connection parameters.... Tekla Structures displays the Attribute File List dialog box, containing the existing properties files for the connection.
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AutoDefaults
Defaults.zxt When you use AutoDefaults, Tekla Structures creates an Attributes sub-folder in the current model folder and saves the AutoDefaults setup in a zipped text file, defaults.zxt. You can copy this file to the project or firm folders to make it available in other models. See also Project and firm folders. Each time you modify the AutoDefaults setup, you need to recopy this file to the firm, or project folders. When you copy this file for use in other projects, remember to restart Tekla Structures to use the new setup.
We do not recommend that you edit the defaults.zxt file using a text editor, but if you do so, check that you use the right syntax. The easiest way to unpack the .zxt file is to change the file extension zxt to txt.gz and unpack the file using WinZip. Change the extension back to zxt when you have finished. You do not need to repack the file after editing it, Tekla Structures can also read the unpacked file. Priority of rule sets Tekla Structures processes AutoDefaults rule sets in the order in which they appear in the tree, so you can control the selection of properties. Usually, one framing condition, profile type, and orientation can have several property combinations, for example, a different profile height. Example For example, if you have properties files and rules for maximum profile heights of 150, 160, 170 and 190 mm, and AutoDefaults is selecting properties for a height of 158 mm, three properties files are valid. AutoDefaults selects the first one to match (in this case, 160 mm). Where there is no match, you will need a default rule and properties file.You should set the default rule so that it does not define the profile height and is the last item in the branch. In this way the default rule will always be the last one to match and any properties file that matches the profile height will override it. Editing connection properties To edit connection properties in the AutoDefaults Setup tree: 1. Right-click a connection standard.j file (for example, standard.j144). A pop-up menu appears. 2. Select Edit connection parameters to open the connection dialog box. 3. Set the properties as you would when manually creating connections. 4. Type a descriptive name for these properties in the Save as text box and click Save as. Use a name that distinguishes these as AutoDefaults setup. 5. Click Cancel to close the dialog box and return to the AutoDefaults setup dialog box.
If you click OK to close the dialog box, you need to load the default properties next time you use this connection. This ensures that AutoDefaults can modify the properties.
6. Right-click the standard.j again. Click Select connection parameters.... 7. The Attribute File List opens. It contains the properties that have been set and saved in the connection dialog box. 8. You can now apply any of the properties that have been saved in a rule set.
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AutoDefaults
Using AutoDefaults
To use AutoDefaults for a single connection: 1. Open the connection dialog box. 2. On the General tab, select a rule group from the AutoDefaults rule group list. The rule group cannot be None. 3. On all the tabs, set the fields that you want AutoDefaults to override to Default by selecting the options marked with the arrow symbol . 4. Click Apply to create the connection using AutoDefaults.
To quickly set all the fields in a dialog box to Default, load <Defaults> in the connection dialog box.
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AutoDefaults
General
Profile name: the name in the Name field in the Profile catalog dialog box. Profile type: use the following table to find the correct number: Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 15 16 17 51
Profile type I L Z U Plate Round bar Pipe Square pipe C T ZZ CC CW Polygon plate
Orientation
Depending on the relative angle a beam, the connections can be classified as:
Sloped angle (relative to main part cross section) The longitudinal axis of the secondary part follows the slope of the longitudinal axis of the main part.
Skewed angle (relative to main part longitudinal axis) The longitudinal axis of the secondary part is skewed according to the main part cross section. The angle is the smaller of the angles between the longitudinal axis of the secondary part and the main part Z or Y axis.
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AutoDefaults
Sloped, skewed, and cant angle value can be between - 90 and 90 degrees.
Dimensions
Profile depth Web depth For profiles with an upper and lower flange, web depth is: h - t1 - t2 - 2*r1 Or, if t2 is zero: h - 2*t - 2*r1 For profiles with one flange, web depth is h - t - r1 - r2.
Forces and strengths
Web thickness Flange thickness Shear force Axial force Bending moment
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AutoDefaults
Feature Combining
Description You can save connection properties files covering different groups of properties, then use these files to define many rules. For example you can have one file for bolt properties and another for profile properties. Tekla Structures combines the files when it runs AutoDefaults. Tekla Structures tests properties until the connection symbol is yellow or green. Iteration changes connection properties automatically if connection fails, even if the rules would match. If Connection Check is set on, the iteration results in connection properties that have passed the check.
Iterating
To use either of these features for a rule set: 1. 2. 3. 4. Click Detailing > AutoConnection > AutoDefault Settings... Browse the tree and right-click a rules set. Select Edit rule set... Set Parameters files selection to one of the following options: Description Tekla Structures uses the properties files it finds in the first matching sub-rule set and does not check other rule sets. Tekla Structures checks sub rule sets until it finds matching properties that leave the connection symbol green. Tekla Structures checks sub rule sets until it finds matching properties that leave the connection symbol yellow. Tekla Structures checks all rule sets and uses properties files in all matching rule sets. The order of properties files is important, since the last overrides.
Option Use combination of first parameters Iterate until the connection symbol is green Iterate until the connection symbol is yellow Use combination of all parameters
The order of files in the tree is important. When Tekla Structures combines the properties files, the most recent files (the lowest in the tree) override previous ones. If you leave properties blank, Tekla Structures does not override previous properties with blank properties. Limitations Tekla Structures cannot iterate properties files directly. Use a single iteration rule set with sub rule sets. You cannot have many parallel iteration rule sets. Use a single iteration rule set and place it just before the default rule set.
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AutoDefaults
Place the combination rule sets above the iteration rule set in the tree. Combination rule sets can only be one level deep. Tekla Structures disregards empty rule sets, so include at least one rule in each rule set. See also Combining properties (55) Iteration with connection check (56) Combining properties The AutoDefaults combine feature combines separate properties files into one file. This means you define fewer files, because you use one file for several rules. If files contain different values for the same property, Tekla Structures uses the last property it finds. See the image below.
See also
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AutoDefaults
Iteration with connection check This example shows how you can use the iteration feature of AutoDefaults. In this example iteration sets the number of bolts according to the result of the connection check. When using this rule group for a connection in the model, AutoDefaults sets the number of bolts until the connection symbol is green.
The iteration rule forces Tekla Structures to tests sub rules until the connection symbol is green in the model. Creating iteration rules First, create connection properties files for each number of bolts. See Editing connection properties (50). 1. Click Detailing > AutoConnection > AutoDefaults Settings... 2. Right-click the tree and select New rule group. Click the rule group and rename it to "Iteration example". 3. Browse the tree and find connection 144. Right-click it and select Create additional rule sets.... 4. Right-click the rule set and select Edit rule set..., to open the AutoDefault rules dialog box. 5. Change the Rule set name to "ITERATION". 6. Set Parameters file selection to Iterate until the connection symbol is green. 7. Click OK. 8. To create a rule set "2 bolts", right-click the first rule set and select Create additional rule sets.... 9. Right-click the new rule set and select Edit rule set.... AutoDefault rules dialog box appears. 10. Select rule Secondary 1 depth and set the minimum and maximum depth values for two bolts. 11. Set Parameters file selection to Use combination of first parameters. 12. Click OK. 13. Right-click the connection properties file standard.j144, and click Select connection parameters.. to open the Attribute File List dialog box. Select the properties file for two bolts and click OK. 14. Repeat steps 8 to 13 for other rule sets.
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AutoDefaults
You can use the connection check result when applying AutoDefaults with iteration. If a rule matches, but connection do not pass the check and symbol remains red, AutoDefaults continues testing other rules and properties until the connection symbol is green. To apply a rule group and connection check for a connection: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Open the connection properties dialog box. Load the <Defaults> properties. Click General tab and set AutoDefaults Rule Group to the "Iteration example" you created. Click Design type tab and set Connection check to Yes. Enter the load from secondary members in the fields Shear, Tension, Moment. Click OK to create the connection.
Checking
To see which rules AutoDefaults used, right-click the connection symbol, and select Inquire. To see which values AutoDefaults set, double-click the connection symbol to open the connection dialog box, select <AutoDefaults>, then click Load. Reaction forces and UDL You can save reaction forces:
Using reaction forces
In the user-defined attributes of a part (for AutoConnection and AutoDefaults). On the Design tab in the connection dialog box (for AutoDefaults).
When you use reaction forces in a rule and AutoDefaults is activate, Tekla Structures first searches for reaction forces in the corresponding connections properties. If they do not contain reaction forces, Tekla Structures searches the user-defined attributes of the secondary part of the connection. If Tekla Structures finds no forces there, you cannot use reaction force rules. Shear force calculation is the exception. If you have not given any reaction force values, shear force is calculated using the UDL shear force routine. The UDL calculation is mainly intended for use with imperial units. It uses the yield stress value, profile dimensions, and UDL percentage to calculate the maximum allowable shear force. Tekla Structures compares the result with the Shear force rule in AutoDefaults.
UDL for AutoConnection
Yield stress is defined in the material catalog. Profile dimensions come from the profile catalog. UDL percentage is taken either from the connection dialog box or from an advanced option.
To switch on UDL calculation for AutoConnection: 1. On the Design tab in the connection dialog box, set the field Use UDL to Yes. 2. Enter the UDL percentage in the UDL % field. If this field is blank, Tekla Structures uses a default percentage (set using the advanced option XS_AUTODEFAULT_UDL_PERCENT). To switch on UDL calculation for AutoDefaults:
Set the advanced option XS_AUTOCONNECTION_USE_UDL to TRUE. Use the advanced option XS_AUTODEFAULT_UDL_PERCENT to set the UDL percentage.
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If you are new to using joints.def, we suggest you read each of the topics in this section thoroughly before making any changes.
Topics
About joints.def (58) Defining general defaults (60) Defining bolt diameter and number of rows (61) Defining other bolt and part properties (62) How Tekla Structures uses joints.def (69) Connections that use joints.def (59)
About joints.def
Changing the joints.def file changes the default values for different connection types. You can open the joints.def file in any standard text editor.
Tekla Structures only uses the values in joints.def for blank fields. AutoDefaults and manual entries override joints.def.
If you use joints.def, you can still use some system default properties. To force Tekla Structures to use the system default for a particular property, give it the value -2147483648 in joints.def. By default, Tekla Structures includes the joints.def file in the system folder. Tekla Structures searches for joints.def in the standard search order. How joints.def works For each connection type, Tekla Structures follows these steps to assign bolt and part properties. 1. Tekla Structures determines bolt diameter and number of bolts according to the following criteria: Connection type Clip angle Shear plate End plate Gusset Diagonal According to Secondary beam height Secondary beam height Secondary beam height Length of angle profile Profile height
2. Tekla Structures uses bolt diameter to assign other bolt and part properties. How to read joints.def Lines beginning with // are comment lines. They are there to help you read the file, Tekla Structures does not use the information in comment lines. The first few lines contain some general settings:
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Set the following line to the unit of measure appropriate to the version you are using (for example, inches in the Imperial version).
To have Tekla Structures use the default values in joints.def, set the following line to 1. Set it to 0 to have Tekla Structures use the system defaults.
Properties for each connection type appear in individual sections, as shown below. Each section begins with a header row containing the column labels. Do not add columns to the file.
Enter absolute values or names Do not use feet and inch symbols Ensure that profiles exist in the profile catalog Ensure bolts exist in the bolt catalog.
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Connections
Description Bolt diameter. Distance from the center of one bolt to the center of the next. Weld size. Tekla Structures adds bolt to bolt distance and web thickness, then rounds the result up by this value. Complies with US AISC standard. Tekla Structures rounds the angle profile gap up by this value. Complies with US AISC standard. Size of the angle profile. Determines notch size. Determines notch size. Edge distance. Haunch plate height (h). Haunch plate width (b). Distance from the upper edge of the angle profile to the top of the secondary beam. No longer used. Edge distance for bolts (clip angles only). No longer used. Shear plate thickness. End plate thickness. Size of weld. Size of angle profile (clip angles only). Flange cut clearance. Size of slotted hole.
clipweld angle-cc-inc
lprofgapinc
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Properties
clipslots
Description Which part gets slotted holes: 1 for beam 2 for angle profiles 3 for both Refers to the Slots in list box options on the Bolts tab. See individual connection help for details.
clipattach
How the clip angle is attached to the secondary and main parts: 1 is Both bolted 2 is Main bolted / Secondary welded 3 is Main not welded 4 is Main welded / Secondary bolted 5 is Both welded 6 is Main not bolted 7 is Secondary not welded 8 is Secondary not bolted 9 is Both bolted / welded Refers to the attachment type list box options on the Bolts tab. See individual connection help for details.
copedepthinc
Tekla Structures rounds cope depth up using this value. Tekla Structures rounds cope length using this value.
copelengthinc
Clip angle, shear plate, and end plate connections (61) Gusset connections (62) Diagonal connections (62)
Clip angle, shear plate, and end plate connections Tekla Structures calculates the default bolt diameter and number of rows vertically according to the height of the secondary beam. You can enter the following properties: Property
name part
Description Use the name BOLTHEIGHT Use the part name ANGLECLIP
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Property
sec.beam.height
Description Maximum height of secondary beam for a certain number of bolts Bolt diameter. Must exist in the bolt catalog. Number of bolts vertically
diameter number_of_bolts
Gusset connections Tekla Structures calculates the default bolt diameter and number of bolt rows horizontally according to the length of the angle profile. You can enter the following properties: Property
name part lproflength
Description Use the name BOLTHEIGHT Use the part name GUSSET Length of angle profile
or
angleproflength diameter number_of_bolts
Diagonal connections Tekla Structures calculates the default bolt diameter and number of bolt rows horizontally according to the profile height. You can enter the following properties: Property
name part conn.pl.height
Description Use the name BOLTHEIGHT Use the part name DIAGONAL Profile height
or
profileheight diameter number_of_bolts
Key to lookup table Connection type C S E G D Full name Clip angle Shear plate End plate Gusset Diagonal
Property
name
Description Identifies the connection type. Example GUSSETBOLTPART for gusset connections.
Connection Type C S E G D * * * * *
bolt diameter
Bolt diameter. Must exist in the bolt catalog. See also Profile typedependent bolt dimensions (68)
shear plate thickness end plate thickness gusset thickness conn. plate thickness angle profile
Thickness of shear plate Thickness of end plate Thickness of the gusset Thickness of the connection plate Name of the angle profile to use: *
* * * * * *
or L profile
number
Must exist in the profile catalog Enter the exact name Example:
L100*100*10
vertically horizontally
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Property
pitch
Description Distance between bolts from the center of each bolt. For vertical and horizontal bolts Distance from the center of a bolt to the edge of the part. For vertical and horizontal bolts Position of the first vertical row of bolts
Connection Type C S E G D * * * * *
edge distance
vert.bolt firsthole
Gusset connection properties Enter these additional default properties in the row beginning GUSSETDEFDIM. Not all gusset connections use all these properties: Affects plate shape
Option
name boltdia_def
Description
GUSSETDEFDIM
Bolt diameter for all bolt groups. Leave the Bolt size field blank in the dialog box to have Tekla Structures use the value in joints.def. See illustration. See illustration. Clearance between the first secondary part selected and the main part. Perpendicular distance from last secondary part selected to the nearest secondary. See illustration. See illustration. Clearance between braces. Bolt edge distance for the bolt groups on the Gusset tab. See illustration. See illustration. On the Gusset tab: Yes Yes
dist_diag_sec
movey
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Option
movez
dist1
The length of the edge of the gusset plate that is perpendicular to the lowest brace. The length of the edges of the gusset plate perpendicular to the braces. The length of the edge of the gusset plate perpendicular to the uppermost brace. See illustration. Tolerance of stiffener. Dimensions of stiffener chamfer on the Gusset tab:
chamfer_corner_dx
dist2
dist3
Fit length in Bracing cross (19) connection. Leave this field empty on the Parameters tab to have Tekla Structures use the value in joints.def.
The illustration below shows the properties on the Picture tab of the Boomerang wrapped diagonal (58) connection dialog box.
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tol_lprof
corner_dy
corner_dx
dist_diag_sec
tol_sec
angle_sec_corner
dist3
dist_between_diag
dist2
dist1
dist_diag_prim
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tol_prim
Diagonal connection properties Enter these additional default properties for bolts and parts in the rows beginning DIAGDEFDIM. Not all diagonal connections use all these properties: Property
name boltdia_def
Description
DIAGDEFDIM
Bolt diameter for all bolt groups. Leave the Bolt size field blank in the dialog box to have Tekla Structures use the value in joints.def. Gap between the gusset plate and the brace. If tube profiles are closed with end plates, the gap between the gusset plate and the end plate. Depth of the cut in the brace. Enter a negative value to prevent the connection plate from being inside the tube brace. Distance from the edge of the brace to the edge of the connection plate. This dimension changes the width of the connection plate. On the Brace conn tab:
dist_gus_diag
dist_in
dist_dv
sec_cut_tol slot_length_tol
conn_cut_dx conn_cut_dy
round_plate_tol
end_plate_thk
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Property
flanges_cut_angle dist_flanges_cut dist_skew_cut
This illustration shows the properties that appear on the Picture tab of the Tube crossing (22) connection:
dist_dv
dist_in
dist_gus_diag
Profile type-dependent bolt dimensions For some connections, such as Clip angle (141) and Two sided clip angle (143), Tekla Structures calculates the bolt size according to the profile size. In this type of connections, Tekla Structures takes the bolt size from the PROFILE TYPE-DEPENDENT section of joints.def file if you leave the corresponding fields blank on the Bolts tab:
BOLT DIMENSIONS
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Description Width of the profile For single bolts, distance from the heel of the profile angle to the first hole. For two bolts, distance from the heel of the profile angle to the first hole. Distance between bolts from the center of each bolt. For vertical and horizontal bolts.
pitch
Example
To find the bolt dimensions to be used with an L6X6X1/2 profile in a clip angle connection: 1. Tekla Structures searches the rows beginning PROFILEBOLTDIM for L6X6X1/2 in the PROFILE TYPE-DEPENDENT BOLT DIMENSIONS section of joints.def. 2. If there is no match, Tekla Structures searches the rows beginning ANGLECLBOLTPART in the CLIP ANGLE section of joints.def.
Tekla Structures calculates bolt size and number of bolts according to profile height. It searches the BOLTHEIGHT rows for a profile height of 10". The profile height is greater than 8.0 but less than 12.0, so Tekla Structures uses the row with the profile height 8.0. This sets the bolt diameter to 0.75.
Tekla Structures assigns the bolt and part properties according to the bolt diameter. It searches the DIAGBOLTPART rows for a bolt diameter of 0.75.
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Result Property Bolt diameter Number of bolts horizontally Edge distance horizontally Edge distance vertically Distance between bolts horizontally Distance between bolts vertically Value 0.75 2 1.5 1.5 2.5 system default
Tekla Structures does not use the connection plate thickness or angle profile properties in this connection.
You can use Excel in connection design for all steel components that have the Design tab in their properties dialog box.
Tekla Structures includes sample spreadsheet for connection design and a template spreadsheet you should use to create your own spreadsheet applications to use with Tekla Structures components. Before you start:
Create the connections and parts. Create the Excel spreadsheet for connection type, or use a predefined file. See more in Setting up Excel files (71).
To use the Excel spreadsheet for connection design: 1. 2. 3. 4. Double-click the connection to open the connection properties dialog box. Go to the Design (or Design type) tab and select Excel in the External design list box. Click Modify. The connection properties are transferred from Tekla Structures to a connection type specific Excel spreadsheet, where the properties are calculated. 5. The calculated properties are saved to an output file. 6. The modified properties are transferred back to Tekla Structures and the connection is modified according to the changes.
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Topics
Setting up Excel files (71) Sample implementation (71) Indicating component status (74)
Visual Basic script file linking Tekla Structures with external software. Excel spreadsheet containing calculations. Component type specific spreadsheet, which contains predefined calculations. When you run the connection design, the connection properties and information of the main and secondary parts are transferred to the Input and Component sheets of the spreadsheet. Connection specific result file, which displays the modified connection properties is stored to model folder.
File names and locations
This file is created automatically from the Calculation sheet of the spreadsheet. The file is updated each time you modify the connection. Calculation results can be stored as Excel spreadsheet, HTML or PDF format, depending on how calculation spreadsheet is configured.
Excel.vb file (located in the ..\Tekla Structures\<version>\environments\common\exceldesign folder) defines the Excel
spreadsheet file names and the locations. Excel searches for the spreadsheet in the following order and with following name: 1. File named component_ + number or name + .xls, from the current model folder:
..\<model>\exceldesign
For example, ..\test_model\exceldesign\component_144.xls 2. File name and path defined with advanced option XS_EXTERNAL_EXCEL_DESIGN_PATH:
XS_EXTERNAL_EXCEL_DESIGN_PATH (=%XS_DIR%\environments\common\exceldesign\) + "component_" + number + ".xls"
By default, the result file is stored in the model folder and named with component ID. For example, component_9502_res.xls.
Sample implementation
Below is descibed the contents of an Excel spreadsheet which is used for End plate (144) connection: When user clicks Modify in the End plate (144) properties dialog box, Excel.vb file calls Excel spreadsheet named component_144.xls. Contents The sample spreadsheet includes the following sheets: Inputs (user inputs on connection dialog).
Tekla Structures transfers the component properties from the component properties dialog box to this sheet.
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Component
Tekla Structures transfers the component geometry and information on the main and secondary parts (for example, part profiles) into this sheet. The component attributes in the spreadsheet are the same as in the corresponding .inp file. See more about .inp files in Input files. This sheet includes calculations (the calculations can be as Visual Basic macros in the sheet).
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Calculation
Summary of calculation is collected to the Calculation sheet. This page or full Excel spreadsheet can be stored as a report of the calculation.
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Outputs
Excel adds the modified values to the Output sheet. These values are tranferred back to the connection and connection in the model is modified accordingly.
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Value
1
Color Green
Status Bolt edge distances are sufficient. Passes the connection design check using the UK and US design codes embedded in the system.
Yellow
Bolt edge distances are insufficient according to the value in Tools > Options > Options... > Components. Tekla Structures cannot calculate the component properties. Possible reasons include:
Red
Incorrect connection direction Incorrect workplane Inappropriate connection selected The connection design check was carried out using the embedded UK and US design codes and the connection cannot support the loading defined by the user.
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2
Introduction
Reinforcement
Once you have created a model of concrete parts, you will need to reinforce the parts. This chapter explains how to create reinforcement in Tekla Structures. It also includes a general description of reinforcement properties and an overview of reinforcement commands.
This chapter is aimed at concrete detailers and designers. Before you start to create reinforcement, you need to have concrete parts in your model, as explained in Concrete Detailing. Running the structural analysis as explained in Analysis and Design gives you the required area of reinforcement. Read Loads for instructions on how to create loads.
See also
Numbering reinforcements
Concepts
Single reinforcing bars Reinforcing bar groups Reinforcement meshes Reinforcement components.
We recommend that you use reinforcement components to create reinforcement whenever possible. They are adaptive, attached to a concrete part, and updated automatically if the dimensions of the reinforced part change, for example. Then create additional reinforcing bars using other tools.
Reinforcing bar groups Reinforcement meshes
consist of several identical, or very similar, bars. Tekla Structures always treats these bars as a group, modifies them in the same way, deletes them all at the same time, etc.
include bars in two perpendicular directions, i.e. main bars and crossing bars. Tekla Structures treats mesh bars as one unit but distinguishes the main and crossing bars. Reinforcement properties Every reinforcement object has properties which define it (for example, grade, diameter or size, minimum bending radius). Use the reinforcement properties dialog boxes to view or modify the properties of reinforcement. Click Detailing > Properties > Reinforcement to open reinforcement properties dialog boxes, or double-click an existing reinforcement object in the model. You can use reinforcement properties in filters. For example, you can select, modify, or hide reinforcing bars based on their properties.For more information, see Filtering objects.
Filtering by properties
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You can include reinforcement properties and user-defined attributes in drawing and report templates. Basic reinforcement properties (78) Getting Started (9) with Detailing
Size
Bending radius
Bending types
Select...
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You can also enter the grade, size, and bending radius of individual reinforcing bars using the appropriate fields in the Reinforcing bar properties dialog box.
Class
Use Class to group reinforcement. To display reinforcing bars of different classes in different colors, click View > Representation > Object Representation... and select Color by class from the Color list box. For more information, see Color settings for parts. Reinforcing bar groups mainly have the same properties as single reinforcing bars. They can also have the following extra properties:
Bar groups
See also
Number of bars Spacing (see Spacing reinforcing bars (82)) Tapering (see Tapered bar group (89))
Hooks (79) Concrete cover (81) Spacing reinforcing bars (82) Omitting reinforcing bars (83) User-defined attributes of reinforcement (83) Meshes (83) Numbering reinforcements
Hooks
To add hooks to the ends of reinforcing bars for anchoring purposes, use the Hooks section of the Reinforcing Bar Properties dialog box, or the Hooks tab in the Reinforcement Mesh Properties dialog box:
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The options for the hook at the beginning and end of the bar are: Option Description No hook Standard 90-degree hook Standard 135-degree hook Standard 180-degree hook Custom hook The reinforcement catalog contains predefined dimensions for all standard hooks (minimum bending radius, minimum hook length). See The reinforcing bar catalog. Custom hook To manually define the angle, radius, and length of a hook, select the Custom hook option and enter values to the following fields in the Reinforcing Bar Properties dialog box: Field Angle Description Enter a value between 180 and +180 degrees. Internal bending radius of the hook. Use the same radius for the hook and for the reinforcing bar. If the hook and the reinforcing bar have different radiuses, Tekla Structures does not recognize the shape of the reinforcing bar. Length Length of the straight part of the hook. If the length is set to zero, no hooks are created. Angle Radius Length
Radius
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Concrete cover
Reinforcing bars need a concrete cover, to protect them against harmful elements, such as the weather and fire. When you create single bars, Tekla Structures uses the thickness of concrete cover to determine the position of the bar. You pick points to define the shape and plane of the bar. Cover thickness Use the Cover thickness fields in the reinforcement properties dialog boxes to define concrete cover. To create a beam stirrup, pick the corner points on the cross-sectional end plane of the beam to define the bar shape and plane. The cover thickness on the plane is the distance from beams bottom, top, and side surfaces to the stirrup. The cover thickness from the plane is the distance from the end surface of the beam to the stirrup, and perpendicular to the bar plane. Concrete cover Description Concrete cover on the plane For example, the distances from a beams bottom, top, and side surfaces to a stirrup. To specify different concrete covers on the different legs of a reinforcing bar, enter a thickness value for each leg in the On plane field, in the order you pick points to create the bar. If you enter less values than there are bar legs, Tekla Structures uses the last value for remaining legs. Concrete cover from the plane For example, the distance from a beams end surface to the closest stirrup, perpendicular to the stirrup plane.
Example
Leg length
At the start and end point of a reinforcing bar, you can also define the concrete cover in terms of cover thickness or leg length. Option Cover thickness Leg length Description Defines the distance from the bar end to the concrete surface. Defines the length of the ultimate leg of the bar.
To define the length of an ultimate leg of a bar, use the Leg length option and the Snap to nearest points switch. Then pick anywhere on a part edge or line to indicate the direction for the bar leg.
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Reinforcement components
When you use reinforcement components, Tekla Structures places the reinforcement using the dimensions of the part and the values in the Cover thickness field, or the graphic fields shown below:
By exact spacing value with flexible last space By exact spacing value with flexible middle space
By exact spacing value with flexible first and last space By exact spacings
Equal distribution by number of reinforcing bars Equal distribution by target spacing value
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See also
See also
None (all reinforcing bars included) First Last First and last
Meshes
A reinforcement mesh consists of reinforcing bars in two directions. You can define the following properties.
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Diameter 1 Length Overhang Width Create mesh Create mesh using the Detailing > Create Reinforcement > Reinforcement Mesh command or a component. Reinforcement meshes can be:
Mesh shape
Distribution pattern of bars
You can create meshes with unevenly-spaced bars. You can also define a different bar size or multiple different bar sizes for the longitudinal bars and the crossing bars. Multiple bar sizes enable pattern creation. For example, if you enter bar diameters 20 2*6 in the longitudinal direction, Tekla Structures creates a pattern with one size 20 bar and two size 6 bars. This pattern can be repeated in the mesh along the longitudinal direction.
For more information, see Customizing reinforcement meshes (110). Mesh size The way you define the size of the mesh depends on the shape of the mesh and how it was created:
See also
Evenly-spaced rectangular meshes - manually define the size Polygonal and bent meshes - Tekla Structures automatically calculates the width and length Unevenly-spaced meshes - Tekla Structures calculates the size of the mesh using the values in the Distance(s), Left overhang, and Right overhang fields.
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Icon
Description Creates a single reinforcing bar or a reinforcing bar group based on predefined reinforcement shapes. Creates a single reinforcing bar.
Reinforcing bar group (89) Curved reinforcing bar group (92) Circular reinforcing bar group (93) Reinforcement mesh (94) Reinforcement strand pattern (97) Reinforcement splice (99)
Creates a curved reinforcing bar group. Creates a circular reinforcing bar group. Creates a reinforcement mesh.
Joins reinforcing bars or reinforcing bar groups together with reinforcement splices.
6. Modify the leg lengths, general reinforcement properties, hook properties, or the reinforcing bar group properties, if needed. The leg length value can be entered with or without parenthesis.
With parenthesis: the leg length is calculated automatically according to the object dimensions. Without parenthesis: the exact value of the leg length is used.
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If you select an existing reinforcement in the model and click the Get button, the properties of that reinforcement are displayed in the Reinforcing Bar Shape Catalog dialog box.
The hook properties are visible only if you have set the advanced option XS_REBAR_RECOGNITION_HOOKS_CONSIDERATION to FALSE.
7. Change the reference point of the reinforcement by double-clicking the different legs or hooks in the preview of the shape, if needed. The reference point defines the insertion point of the first reinforcing bar leg. 8. Click OK to close the Reinforcing Bar Shape Catalog dialog box. 9. In the model, place the mouse pointer over a part face or edge. A preview showing the placing and dimensions of the reinforcement is displayed.
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10. Based on the preview, select a location for the reinforcement and click the left mouse button. The reinforcement with handles is created. 11. If you need to adjust the reinforcement: move or drag the start and end handles use Mini Toolbar to modify the properties use Reinforcing Bar Properties dialog box to modify the properties. Reinforcements created with Reinforcing Bar Shape Catalog behave in the same way as reinforcements created with the other reinforcement commands. You can modify, copy, or delete the reinforcments, and the reinforcements adapt to the changes made to the part they are placed in. Limitations Reinforcing Bar Shape Catalog does not work with tapered reinforcing bar groups. Reinforcing Bar Shape Catalog works mainly with flat, 2D shapes. See also Reinforcing bar group (89) Working with reinforcement (100) Modifying reinforcement (105) Reinforcing bar bending shapes in Rebar Shape Manager (113)
Reinforcing bar
Synopsis Preconditions This command creates a reinforcing bar. Create the part to reinforce. Calculate the required area of reinforcement. Usage 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Double-click the Create reinforcing bar icon. Enter or modify the bar properties. Click Apply or OK to save the properties. Select the part to reinforce. Tekla Structures attaches the bar to the part. Pick the starting point of the bar. Pick the other bar reference points. Click the middle mouse button to finish picking.
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Description
Tekla Structures creates the reinforcing bar using the properties in the Reinforcing bar properties dialog box. The filename extension of a saved bar properties file is rbr. Field Series and Start no Name Size Grade Bending radius Description The mark series of the bar. The user-definable name of the bar. The diameter of the bar or a mark defining it. The steel grade of the bar. The internal radius of the bends in the bar. You can enter a separate value for each bar bend. Separate the values with spaces. Class Shape Angle Radius Length Used to group reinforcement. The shape of the hook. The angle of the custom hook. The internal bending radius of the standard or custom hook. The length of the straight part of the standard or custom hook. The distances from the part surfaces to the bar on the same plane as the bar. The distance from the part surface to the bar, or bar end, perpendicular to the bar plane. The concrete cover thickness or leg length at the first end of the bar. The concrete cover thickness or leg length at the second end of the bar. User-defined reinforcement properties. User-defined attributes of reinforcement (83) Concrete cover (81) Hooks (79) More information Numbering reinforcements Basic reinforcement properties (78)
End
User-defined attributes...
See also
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7. Click the middle mouse button to finish picking. 8. Pick the starting point of the bar group. 9. Pick the end point of the bar group. The second set of points to indicates the distribution direction and length of the bars. Tapered bar group To create a tapered bar group: 1. Double-click the Create reinforcing bar group icon. 2. Enter or modify the bar group properties. 3. On the Group tab, select an option from the Bar group type list box: Option Normal Tapered Tapered ridge Description Not tapered. One bar dimension changes linearly in the group. One bar dimension changes linearly. The dimension is longest in the middle of the group. One bar dimension changes along a curve. The dimension is longest in the middle of the group. One bar dimension changes linearly between N ridges. Enter the number of ridges in the Number of cross sections field.
Tapered curved
Tapered N
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Option Spiral
Description The reinforcing bars rise in a polygonal or circular shape along the longitudinal axis of the part.
4. Click Apply or OK. 5. Select the part to reinforce. Tekla Structures attaches the bar group to the part. 6. Pick points to define the shape of the bar at the first cross section. Click the middle mouse button to finish picking. 7. For the second and subsequent cross sections, pick points to define the shape of the bar. Click the middle mouse button to finish picking. If you select the Normal option, you only need to define bar shape and bar distribution length.
If you change the type of a tapered bar group, Tekla Structures adjusts the number of handles. You can then drag handles to modify the group.
To create a spiral bar group: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Double-click the Create reinforcing bar group icon. Enter or modify the bar group properties. On the Group tab, select Spiral from the Bar group type list box: Click Apply or OK. Select the part to reinforce. Tekla Structures attaches the bar group to the part. Pick points to define the shape of the bar at the first cross section. Click the middle mouse button to finish picking. 7. For the second and subsequent cross sections, pick points to define the shape of the bar. Click the middle mouse button to finish picking.
Description
Tekla Structures creates the reinforcing bar group using the properties in the Reinforcing bar properties dialog box. The filename extension of a saved bar group properties file is rbg. Field Series and Start no Description The mark series of the bar. More information Numbering reinforcements
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Description The user-definable name of the bar. The diameter of the bar or a mark defining it. The steel grade of the bar. The internal radius of the bar bends. You can enter a separate value for each bar bend. Separate the values with spaces.
Used to group reinforcement. The shape of the hook. The angle of the custom hook. The internal bending radius of the standard or custom hook. The length of the straight part of the standard or custom hook. The distances from the part surfaces to the bar on the same plane as the bar. The distance from the part surface to the bar, or bar end, perpendicular to the bar plane. The concrete cover thickness or leg length at the first end of the bar. The concrete cover thickness or leg length at the second end of the bar. User-defined reinforcement properties. How to create the bar group. User-defined attributes of reinforcement (83) Spacing reinforcing bars (82) Omitting reinforcing bars (83) Tapered bar group (89) Concrete cover (81) Hooks (79)
End
See also
Reinforcement
91
Working with reinforcement (100) Modifying reinforcement (105) Curved reinforcing bar group (92) Circular reinforcing bar group (93)
Preconditions
Usage
To create a curved bar group: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Double-click the Create curved reinforcing bar group icon. Enter or modify the reinforcing bar group properties. Click Apply or OK. Select the part to reinforce. Tekla Structures attaches the bar group to the part. Pick three points on an arc to define the curve:
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Description
Tekla Structures creates the curved reinforcing bar group using the properties in the Reinforcing bar properties dialog box. See Reinforcing bar group (89) for more information on the common properties in this dialog box. Working with reinforcement (100) Modifying reinforcement (105) Reinforcing bar group (89) Circular reinforcing bar group (93)
See also
Preconditions
Usage
To create a circular bar group: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Double-click the Create circular reinforcing bar group icon. Enter or modify the reinforcing bar group properties. Click Apply or OK. Select the part to reinforce. Tekla Structures attaches the bar group to the part. Pick three points to define the circlular bars
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Description
Tekla Structures creates the circular reinforcing bar group using the properties in the Reinforcing bar properties dialog box. See Reinforcing bar group (89) for more information on the common properties in this dialog box. Working with reinforcement (100) Modifying reinforcement (105) Reinforcing bar group (89) Curved reinforcing bar group (92)
See also
Reinforcement mesh
Synopsis Preconditions This command creates a reinforcement mesh. Create the part to reinforce. Calculate the required area of reinforcement. Usage You can create the following types of reinforcement meshes:
Rectangular To create a rectangular mesh: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Set the work plane parallel to the plane where you want to create the mesh. Double-click the Create reinforcement mesh icon. In the Mesh type list box, select Rectangle. Enter or modify the mesh dimensions and the other properties. Click Apply or OK to save the properties. Select the part to reinforce. Tekla Structures attaches the mesh to the part. Pick the starting point of the mesh.
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8. Pick a point to indicate the direction of the longitudinal bars. Tekla Structures creates the mesh parallel to the work plane, to the left of the points you picked. Polygonal To create a polygonal mesh: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Double-click the Create reinforcement mesh icon. In the Mesh type list box, select Polygon. Enter or modify the mesh properties. Click Apply or OK to save the properties. Select the part to reinforce. Tekla Structures attaches the mesh to the part. Pick the starting point of the mesh. Pick the corner points of the mesh. Click the middle mouse button to finish picking. Pick two points to indicate the direction of the longitudinal bars.
1. Double-click the Create reinforcement mesh icon to open the Reinforcement Mesh Properties dialog box. 2. In the Mesh type list box, select Bent. 3. Enter the bending radius. 4. Enter or modify the other mesh properties. 5. Click Apply or OK to save the properties. 6. Click the Create reinforcement mesh icon. 7. Select the part to reinforce. Tekla Structures attaches the mesh to the part. 8. Pick points to indicate the bending shape of the crossing bars. 9. Click the middle mouse button to finish picking points. 10. Pick two points to indicate the length and direction of the longitudinal bars. Description Tekla Structures creates the reinforcement mesh using the properties in the Reinforcement Mesh Properties dialog box. The filename extension of a saved mesh properties file is rbm. Field Prefix and Start no Name Description The mark series of the mesh. The user-definable name of the mesh. More information Numbering reinforcements Basic reinforcement properties (78)
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Field Mesh
Description Select a mesh from the mesh catalog. You can also use a customized mesh.
More information Meshes (83) Customizing reinforcement meshes (110) Basic reinforcement properties (78)
The steel grade of the bars in the mesh. Used to group reinforcement. The shape of the mesh. Select Polygon, Rectangle, or Bent. For rectangular meshes, enter the width and length of the mesh. For bent meshes, enter the bending radius. Defines whether the crossing bars are located above or below the longitudinal bars. Defines whether the polygon or part cuts in the part cut also the mesh. The distance from the part surface to the main bars on the same plane as the bars. The distance from the part surface to the bar, or bar end, perpendicular to the bar plane. Thickness of concrete cover or leg length from the mesh starting point. Thickness of concrete cover or leg length at the end point of the bar. Used for bent meshes. User-defined reinforcement properties. The shape, angle, radius, and length of hooks at the start and end of the crossing mesh bars.
Meshes (83)
Cross bar location Cut by father part cuts Cover thickness on plane Cover thickness from plane Cover thickness start Cover thickness end User-defined attributes... Hooks tab
Meshes (83)
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The properties of standard meshes are defined in the mesh_database.inp file, located in the ..\Tekla
Structures\<version>\environments\<environment>\ profil folder.
See also
4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Define the lenghts of the debonding zones. Click Apply or OK. Click the Create reinforcement strand pattern icon. Pick the part you are creating strands for. Pick points to position the strands (for example, at the end of a part): The points you pick define the first cross section. Click the middle mouse button to finish picking.
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9. If you chose to create a single cross section, pick two points to define the length of the strands. Click the middle mouse button to finish picking.
10. If you chose to create two or more cross sections, for each cross section, pick points to indicate the strand positions. Pick the strand positions in the same order as for the first cross section. After each cross section, click the middle mouse button to finish picking. Debonding strands To debond strands: 1. 2. 3. 4. Double-click the Create reinforcement strand pattern icon. On the Debonding tab, enter the debonding properties. Click Add button to create a new row in the table. Enter the strand numbers in the Debonded strands field. The strand number is the picking order number of the strand: To set the same values for all the strands, enter all the strand numbers, separated by a space (e.g. 1 2 3 4). To set separate values for each strand, click Add to add a new row, then enter the strand number in the Debonded strands field.
5. Define the debonded lengths: To set symmetrical lengths, select the End lengths = start lengths checkbox and only enter values in the From start or Middle to start fields. Debonding lengths:
6. Click Modify and Apply. Tekla Structures displays the debonded section of the strand in red in rendered views, or as a broken line in wire frame views.
Debonded strands appear as broken lines in drawings. Description Tekla Structures creates straight or deflected strands based on the strand profile you indicate using the properties in the Reinforcing bar properties dialog box.
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Field Series and Start no Name Size Grade Bending radius Class Pull per strand Number of cross sections User-defined attributes... Debonded strands
Description The mark series of the bar. The user-definable name of the bar. The diameter of the bar or a mark defining it. The steel grade of the bar. The internal radius of the bar bends. Used to group reinforcement. The pull per strand (kN). Defines the number of cross sections of the strand pattern. User-defined reinforcement properties. Enter the strand number in this field. The strand number is the picking order number of the strand. Enter the length of the debonding. If you select the Symmetry checkbox, values in fields From start and From Middle to start are copied to From end and Middle to end fields. Defines if the end and start lengths are symmetrical.
See also
Working with reinforcement (100) Modifying reinforcement (105) Reinforcing bar group (89)
Reinforcement splice
This command joins reinforcing bars or reinforcing bar groups together with reinforcement splices. Preconditions Usage Create the reinforcing bars or bar groups to join. There can be a gap between them. 1. Click Detailing > Properties > Reinforcement > Reinforcement Splice.... 2. Enter or modify the splice properties.
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3. 4. 5. 6.
Click Apply or OK to save the properties. Click Detailing > Create Reinforcement > Reinforcement Splice. Select the first reinforcing bar or bar group. Select the second reinforcing bar or bar group.
Tekla Structures indicates reinforcement splices in the model using blue splice symbols:
If needed, you can move the splice along reinforcing bars. To move the splice: 1. Select the splice symbol. 2. Right-click and select Move. 3. Pick an origin and a destination point for the splice. Description Tekla Structures creates the reinforcement splice using the current properties in the Reinforcement Splice Properties dialog box. The filename extension of a saved splice properties file is rsp. Field Joint type Description The type of the splice. The options are: More information Lap left creates the lap to the direction of the first reinforcing bar or bar group selected, Lap right to the direction of the second. Lap both centers the lap between the bars or bar groups.
Lap length Offset
Lap right Lap left Lap both Muff joint Welded joint
The length of the lap joint. The offset of the splice center point from the point where the bars originally met. Defines whether the lapping bars are on top of each other or parallel to each other.
Bar positions
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You must attach reinforcement to a part or cast unit to have Tekla Structures merge automatic reinforcing bar marks. See Merged reinforcement marks.
Attaching manually
To manually attach reinforcement to a part or cast unit: 1. Select the reinforcement to attach. 2. Right-click and select Attach to Part from the pop-up menu. 3. Select the part to attach the reinforcement to. To detach reinforcement from a part: 1. Select the reinforcement to detach. 2. Right-click and select Detach from Part from the pop-up menu.
Detaching
The ends and corners of a reinforcing bar The distribution length of a bar group The corners and main bar direction of a mesh
When you select a reinforcement, the handles turn magenta. Examples Here are some ways to use handles to modify reinforcement:
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Handles to move mesh corners Handles to change main bar direction To use handles to modify reinforcement: 1. Select the reinforcement to display its handles. 2. Click the handle you want to move. Tekla Structures highlights the handle. 3. Move the handle(s) like any other object. If Drag and drop is active, just drag the handle to a new position. For more information, see Moving an object, Moving an object using drag-and-drop and Polygon cuts.
Using adaptivity
Reinforcements follow the shape of the part also when their handles are located on the face or edge of the part.
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Reinforcement
Fixed adaptivity: handles retain their absolute distances to the nearest part faces. Relative adaptivity: handles retain their relative distances to the nearest part faces in relation to the parts overall size.
To modify the general adaptivity settings, go to Tools > Options > Options... > General. You can modify the adaptivity settings for each part separately. These modifications override the general settings. Example
Fixed adaptivity:
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Relative adaptivity:
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See also
Add bar corners Remove bar corners Move bar and mesh corners Add points to reinforcing bars, bar groups, and bent meshes Remove points from reinforcing bars, bar groups, and bent meshes Change the direction of the longitudinal mesh bars Change the distribution length of bar groups
Ungrouping a reinforcement (105) Grouping reinforcements (107) Adding points to a reinforcement (108) Removing points from a reinforcement (109) Splitting reinforcing bar groups (110) Splitting reinforcing bars in a group (110) Combining two reinforcing bars or reinforcing bar groups into one (110) Customizing reinforcement meshes (110) Exploding reinforcement (112) Defining custom reinforcement components (113)
Ungrouping a reinforcement
You can ungroup reinforcing bar groups and reinforcement meshes. Only reinforcements where each reinforcing bar is in one plane can be ungrouped. To ungroup a reinforcement: 1. Click Detailing > Create Reinforcement > Ungroup. 2. Select one of the reinforcing bars in a reinforcing bar group or in a reinforcement mesh. The reinforcing bar group is replaced with single reinforcing bars. The single bars get the same properties and offsets as the group. If you ungroup a reinforcement mesh, the offsets for single bars are zero. Limitations You cannot ungroup circular or curved reinforcing bar groups.
Reinforcement
105
Modifying reinforcement
After ungrouping:
See also
Grouping reinforcements (107) Reinforcing bar (87) Reinforcing bar group (89) Reinforcement mesh (94)
Reinforcement
106
Modifying reinforcement
Grouping reinforcements
You can group single reinforcing bars and reinforcing bar groups. Only reinforcements where each reinforcing bar is in one plane can be grouped. All groups are created with exact spacings. Single reinforcing bars need to have the same bending shape. To group single reinforcing bars or reinforcing bar groups: 1. 2. 3. 4. Click Detailing > Create Reinforcement > Group. Select all the reinforcing bars or reinforcing bar groups that you want to group. Click the middle mouse button. Select one reinforcing bar or reinforcing bar group to copy the properties from. The new group gets the same properties as the selected reinforcing bar.
The reinforcing bar or reinforcing bar group that you copy the properties from is also added to the group. This means, for example, that you cannot copy properties from a separate reinforcing bar group which you do not want to include in your new reinforcing bar group. Limitations Example Before grouping: You cannot create circular or curved reinforcing bar groups by grouping.
After grouping:
Reinforcement
107
Modifying reinforcement
See also
Ungrouping a reinforcement (105) Reinforcing bar (87) Reinforcing bar group (89)
The new points are added to the reinforcement, and the shape of the reinforcement is modified.
Reinforcement
108
Modifying reinforcement
Limitations
You cannot modify the shape of polygonal or rectangular meshes, or the shape of tapered reinforcing bar groups by adding points. Removing points from a reinforcement (109) Modifying the shape of a polygon
See also
The points are removed from the reinforcement, and the shape of the reinforcement is modified.
Limitations
You cannot modify the shape of polygonal or rectangular meshes, or the shape of tapered reinforcing bar groups by removing points. Adding points to a reinforcement (108) Modifying the shape of a polygon
See also
Reinforcement
109
Modifying reinforcement
See also
Splitting reinforcing bars in a group (110) Combining two reinforcing bars or reinforcing bar groups into one (110)
Once split, each new reinforcing bar group retains the properties of the original group. For example, if the bars in the original group had hooks at both ends, bars in the new groups also have hooks at both ends. Modify the properties of the new groups if needed. See also Splitting reinforcing bar groups (110) Combining two reinforcing bars or reinforcing bar groups into one (110)
Reinforcement
110
Modifying reinforcement
1. In the Reinforcement Mesh Properties dialog box, click the Select button next to the Mesh field to open the Select Mesh dialog box. 2. In the Select Mesh dialog box, select a standard mesh from the mesh catalog and use it as a basis for the customized mesh. 3. Modify the mesh properties. 4. Enter a name for the mesh in the Selected mesh field. The default name is CUSTOM_MESH. 5. Click OK to close the Select Mesh dialog box and to save the properties. 6. To save customized mesh properties for later use, enter a name in the Save as field in the Reinforcement Mesh Properties dialog box and click the Save as button.
To later use saved mesh properties in the Reinforcement Mesh Properties dialog box, select the name of the mesh properties in the Load list box and click the Load button.
You can define the following properties for the customized reinforcement meshes:
Longitudinal distance Cross distance Longitudinal left overhang Longitudinal right overhang Cross left overhang Cross right overhang Length Width
Reinforcement
111
Modifying reinforcement
Description Defines how the mesh bars are distributed. The options are:
Same distance for all: Use to create meshes with evenly-spaced bars. Tekla Structures distributes as many bars as possible for the length of Length or Width, using the Distance(s) and Left overhang values. The Right overhang is calculated automatically, and it cannot be zero.
Multiple varying distances: Use to create meshes with unevenly-spaced bars. Tekla Structures calculates the Width and Length based on the Distance(s), the Left overhang and the Right overhang values. If you do not change any of the values, the spacing method changes back to Same distance for all.
Distance(s)
Spacing values of longitudinal or crossing bars. If you select the Multiple varying distances spacing method, enter all spacing values, separated by spaces. You can use multiplication to repeat spacing values. For example:
2*150 200 3*400 200 2*150
Extensions of longitudinal bars over the outermost crossing bars. Extensions of crossing bars over the outermost longitudinal bars. Diameter or size of longitudinal or crossing bars. You can define multiple diameters for the bars in both directions. Enter all the diameter values, separated by spaces. You can use multiplication to repeat diameter values. For example, 12 2*6 in longitudinal direction and 6 20 2*12 in crossing direction.
Diameter
Width Length Grade See also Reinforcement mesh (94) Meshes (83)
Length of crossing bars. Length of longitudinal bars. The steel grade of the bars in the mesh.
Exploding reinforcement
Before you can modify or remove single bars in a reinforcement component, you need to use the Explode Component command to ungroup the bars that the reinforcement contains. To ungroup reinforcing bars:
Reinforcement
112
Modifying reinforcement
1. Click Detailing > Component > Explode Component. 2. Select the blue modeling tool symbol (M) on the reinforcement. Tekla Structures ungroups the reinforcing bars.
Usage
customize the existing bending shapes and create new bending shapes establish your own rules for defining the bending shapes customize your own dimension mappings that are used in templates and reports import and export user-defined bending shapes use user-defined bending shapes in bending schedules and pull-out pictures
Reinforcement
113
Rebar Shape Manager is a tool for recognizing reinforcing bar shapes. You cannot control the reinforcing bar creation properties, such as cover thickness, reinforcing bar grade, or size, with this tool. The tool is meant for users who need to customize the bending shapes based on company or project requirements. See also Defining reinforcing bar bending shapes in Rebar Shape Manager (114) Reinforcing bar bending shapes in the RebarShapeRules.xml file (114)
When you define new shapes, the shapes in the default RebarShapeRules.xml rule file can be appended to your own shapes. Tekla Structures reads valid RebarShapeRules.xml rule files in the model, firm, project and system folders, and merges the files. All the found bending shapes are displayed in Rebar Shape Manager. See also Reinforcing bar bending shapes in Rebar Shape Manager (113) Defining reinforcing bar bending shapes in Rebar Shape Manager (114)
Alternatively, you can first open Rebar Shape Manager and then select reinforcing bars in the model. Click Get selected to add the reinforcing bars to the Model rebars list.
The Model rebars list shows the ID number and the shape codeof the selected reinforcing bars. The Shape catalog list shows the shapes that exist in the default RebarShapeRules.xml rule file. Rebar Shape Manager does not automatically read any rule file but you need to open the file if you want to view or edit it.
3. Select one unknown shape from the Model rebars list. 4. To define the needed information for a bending shape, do the following: To define Shape code Do this Enter a shape code for an unknown shape.
Reinforcement
114
Do this Add or delete a bending shape rule by clicking the Add and Delete buttons on the right. Use the Reset button to restore the original values.
Check hooks
Select the check box if you want to define different shape codes or bending schedule fields for two bars that otherwise have exactly the same geometry, but one bar has hooks and the other one does not. If you select the check box, hooks are considered as hooks. If you clear the check box, hooks are considered as normal legs. Note that the Check hooks option works independently from the advanced option XS_REBAR_RECOGNITION_HOOKS_CONSIDERATION, and it allows bars that have different hooks to have different shape code or schedule fields regardless of the value of the advanced option.
Update
Update the existing shape code definition of the selected reinforcing bar. You can update the definiton if you have modified the shape code, bending shape rules or the contents of bending schedule fields.
Define the content for a bending schedule. Right-click a field to select a bending shape property or to enter a formula. The names of the Bending schedule fields (A, B, and so on) are used in templates and reports. To make sure that old reports also work correctly, we recommend that you use the same DIM_XX fields as in the rebar_schedule_config.inp file.
5. When you have finished defining the new shape, click Add to add the bending shape definition to the RebarShapeRules.xml file. To enable the Add button you need to change the bending shape rule, enter a shape code or select the Check hooks check box. 6. Click Save to save the RebarShapeRules.xml file. By default, the file is located in the current model folder. When you create, for example, a bending schedule, Tekla Structures uses the updated bending shape information, recognizes the added bending shape and assigns a correct shape code to it.
Rebar Shape Manager is able to recognize bending shapes regardless of the modeling direction of the bars. This means that the modeling direction has no effect on the shape definition and shape code. When defining the bending shapes, the start or the end of modeling direction is always sorted based first on bending angles, then on twist angles, and finally on leg lengths. However, bending radius is not taken into account in the sorting. This means that radius 1 may not always be less than radius 2 or vice versa. See also Reinforcing bar bending shapes in Rebar Shape Manager (113)
Reinforcement
115
All the rule options are available in the New bending rule dialog box, even though only certain selections are valid, depending on the type of the conditions used. The left and right condition of a rule need to be of the same type. The values in the parentheses are the values that were used to create the bar shape.
Description Bending angle between the legs. Bending angle is always between 0 and +180 degrees. The angle cannot be negative.
Angle around the reinforcing bar center axis before the bar is bent. For flat bars the twist angle is either 0 or +180 degrees. For other bars the twist angle is between -180 and +180 degrees.
Rule Radius * = Radius 1 means that all the radius values are equal to the first radius. Straight length (S) Straight length between the start and the end of adjacent bendings. The rule is generated only when there is no straight part, for example, Straight length 2 = 0.
Reinforcement
116
Option Leg length (L) Leg (V) Leg distance from leg (D) Point/arc distance along leg (K)
Description Length of the leg. Leg direction as a vector value. Leg to leg distance. Distance parallel to a leg from outer edge to outer edge, or tangential to the bending The distances are positive or negative depending on the leg direction. Example:
Distance perpendicular to a leg from outer edge to outer edge, or tangential to the bending The distances are positive or negative depending on the leg direction. Example:
Reinforcement
117
Option SHA SHR SHS SHLA SHLB EHA EHR EHS EHLA EHLB
Description Start and end hook properties. Use method A or B for the hook length calculation:
Standard minimum bending radius. The bending radius depends on the size and the grade of the bar.
Bar diameter (DIA), (DIAX) Center line length (CLL) Sum of leg lengths (SLL) Weight per length (WPL) Constant angle
Diameter of the reinforcing bar. Leg length according to the center line. Sum of all leg lengths. Weight per leg length. Constant value of the angle. Enter the value in the rightmost box.
Constant radius
Constant value of the radius. Enter the value in the rightmost box.
See also
Reinforcing bar bending shapes in Rebar Shape Manager (113) Defining reinforcing bar bending shapes in Rebar Shape Manager (114) Adding new bending shape rules manually (116)
Reinforcement
118
Select a shape property from the list. The content of the list depends on the reinforcing bar geometry. Select the (empty) option to clear the content of the current cell. Select the (formula) option to enter a formula. The variables in the formula can either be the shape properties visible in the pop-up menu, or direct references to other non-empty bending schedule field cells. You can use the same functions in the formulas as in custom components:
mathematical functions statistical functions string operations trigonometric functions When you map angles and trigonometric functions in Schedule field formula, write the functions (sin, cos, tan) in small letters, for example sin(A1). Capital letters are not recognized, and they will shows as blank in reports.
Bending schedule fields cell shows the result of a valid formula. If the formula is not valid, a question mark and text describing the error is shown. Example Formula is L1+L3+L5-2*DIA
L1, L3 and L5 are the leg lengths measured from outer edge to outer edge H1 is the total width
See also
Functions in variable formulas Defining reinforcing bar bending shapes in Rebar Shape Manager (114)
Reinforcement
119
3_2
Reinforcement
120
Type 4
Image
4_2
4_3
4_4
5_1
5_2
5_3
Reinforcement
121
Type 6_1
Image
6_2
11
Reinforcement
122
Type 12
Image
13
Can also be modeled using hooks at both ends (i.e. model D1 and D5 using 90 degree hooks). 14
14_3
Reinforcement
123
Type 14_4
Image
Recognized when the start point and end point are in the same location and no hooks are used. If XS_REBAR_RECOGNITION_HOOKS_CONSIDERATION is set to FALSE, reinforcing bars with hooks (types 14 and 48) are recognized as 14_5. 15
16_2
Reinforcement
124
Type 17
Image
18
19
20_1
20_2
21
Reinforcement
125
Type 22
Image
23
24
25
26
Reinforcement
126
Type 29
Image
29_3
29_4
29_5
30
Reinforcement
127
Type 31
Image
35
Reinforcement
128
Type 36
Image
Requires 180 degree hook at one end and 90 degree hook at the other end. 38_2
Reinforcement
129
Type 39
Image
40
43_2
Reinforcement
130
Type 44
Image
Reinforcement
131
Type 47
Image
49
Reinforcement
132
Type 49_2
Image
50
Reinforcement
133
Type 55
Image
56
57
58
59
60
61
Reinforcement
134
Type 61_2
Image
Recognized if
XS_REBAR_RECOGNITION_HOOKS_CONSIDERATION FALSE.
is set to
61_3
Requires hook. 63
Requires hook. 64
Reinforcement
135
Type 64_2
Image
Recognized if
XS_REBAR_RECOGNITION_HOOKS_CONSIDERATION FALSE.
is set to
65
Recognized if
XS_REBAR_RECOGNITION_HOOKS_CONSIDERATION FALSE.
is set to
66
Reinforcement
136
Type 67
Image
67_2
68
69_1
69_2
70_1
Reinforcement
137
Type 70_2
Image
71
72
73_1
73_2
73_3
Reinforcement
138
Type 74
Image
75_1
75_2
76
77
Reinforcement
139
Type 78
Image
79_1
79_2
80
UNKNOWN
For example:
Reinforcement in templates
Audience This topic is aimed at Tekla Structures users who need to localize reinforcing bar bending types or to create templates for reinforcing bar bending schedules.
Reinforcement
140
Reinforcement templates
You can show dimensions, bending angles, and bending types of reinforcing bars in drawings and reports by including reinforcement-specific attributes, such as DIM_A, ANG_S, SHAPE, and SHAPE_INTERNAL, in template fields. For more information on creating templates, see the Template Editor (TplEd) online help. Use the rebar_schedule_config.inp file in the ..\Tekla
Structures\<version>\environments\<environment>\system folder to map:
Mapping dimensions
Tekla Structures internal reinforcing bar dimensions and angles with specific template attributes Tekla Structures internal reinforcing bar bending types with specific bending types
These mappings are environment-specific by default. You can modify them to suit your company or project needs. You can use equations, functions, and if statements to calculate the dimensions and angles you need to show. Use any standard text editor (for example, Notepad) to edit the rebar_schedule_config.inp file. Examples The following example of the rebar_schedule_config.inp file maps the internal bending type 5_1 to the bending type identifier E, and the leg dimensions and bending angles to specific template attributes:
rebar_schedule_config.inp (Example 1)
BEND_TYPE_5_1[1]="E" BEND_TYPE_5_1[2]="DIM_A=D1" BEND_TYPE_5_1[3]="DIM_B=D5" BEND_TYPE_5_1[4]="DIM_C=D2" BEND_TYPE_5_1[5]="DIM_TD=TD" BEND_TYPE_5_1[6]="ANG_U=A1" BEND_TYPE_5_1[7]="ANG_V=A2"
With this mapping, the internal bending type 6_2 becomes XY, and the template attributes DIM_B and DIM_C will show the horizontal and vertical dimensions of the second leg D2, and DIM_E and DIM_F the horizontal and vertical dimensions of the fourth leg D4:
rebar_schedule_config.inp (Example 2)
BEND_TYPE_6_2[1]="XY" BEND_TYPE_6_2[2]="DIM_A=D1" BEND_TYPE_6_2[3]="DIM_B=D2*COS(A2*PI/ 180)" BEND_TYPE_6_2[4]="DIM_C=D2*SIN(A2*PI/ 180)" BEND_TYPE_6_2[5]="DIM_D=D3" BEND_TYPE_6_2[6]="DIM_E=D4*COS(A1*PI/ 180)" BEND_TYPE_6_2[7]="DIM_F=D4*SIN(A1*PI/ 180)" BEND_TYPE_6_2[8]="DIM_G=D5" BEND_TYPE_6_2[9]="DIM_TD=TD"
The following example maps the internal bending type 4 to the bending type identifier A if the dimensions D1 and D3 are the same. Otherwise it maps 4 to B:
Reinforcement
141
rebar_schedule_config.inp (Example 3)
BEND_TYPE_4[1]=if (D1==D3) then ("A") else ("B") endif BEND_TYPE_4[2]="DIM_A=D1" BEND_TYPE_4[3]="DIM_B=D2" BEND_TYPE_4[4]="DIM_C=D3" BEND_TYPE_4[5]="DIM_TD=TD"
If Tekla Structures does not recognize a reinforcing bar bending shape, it uses the internal bending type UNKNOWN for it. In the rebar_schedule_config.inp file you can also define how unknown bending types appear in drawings and reports. For example, you may just want to use the bending type identifier ???, and list all leg dimensions and bending angles:
rebar_schedule_config.inp (Example 4)
BEND_TYPE_UNKNOWN[1]="???" BEND_TYPE_UNKNOWN[2]="DIM_A=D1" BEND_TYPE_UNKNOWN[3]="DIM_B=D2" BEND_TYPE_UNKNOWN[4]="DIM_C=D3" BEND_TYPE_UNKNOWN[5]="DIM_D=D4" BEND_TYPE_UNKNOWN[6]="DIM_E=D5" BEND_TYPE_UNKNOWN[7]="DIM_F=D6" BEND_TYPE_UNKNOWN[8]="ANG_S=A1" BEND_TYPE_UNKNOWN[9]="ANG_T=A2" BEND_TYPE_UNKNOWN[10]="ANG_U=A3" BEND_TYPE_UNKNOWN[11]="ANG_V=A4" BEND_TYPE_UNKNOWN[12]="DIM_TD=TD"
See also
DIM_A ... DIM_G, DIM_H1, DIM_H2, DIM_I, DIM_J, DIM_K1, DIM_K2, DIM_L, DIM_O, DIM_R, DIM_R_ALL, DIM_TD, DIM_WEIGHT, DIM_X, DIM_Y ANG_S, ANG_T, ANG_U, ANG_V SHAPE SHAPE_INTERNAL Reinforcing bar bending types (120)
Reinforcement
142
Index
a
adaptivity reinforcement ..........................................................102 add anchor rod...................................................................25 base plate....................................................................25 beam to column connection..................................26 adding points bent mesh .................................................................108 reinforcement ..........................................................108 reinforcing bar .........................................................108 reinforcing bar group.............................................108 anchor rods add ................................................................................25 anchoring hooks................................................................79 assemblies defining........................................................................33 attaching reinforcement to parts ..........................................101 AutoConnection ........................................................ 42, 47 changing a connection............................................46 restrictions..................................................................42 rule groups..................................................................44 rule sets .......................................................................44 rules ..............................................................................51 rules.zxt .......................................................................45 setup.............................................................................42 using .............................................................................46 AutoDefaults .............................................................. 42, 47 accessing connection properties files................. 49 checking properties.................................................. 51 checking rules............................................................ 51 combining ........................................................... 53, 55 connection properties files .................................... 49 defaults.zxt......................................................... 48, 50 editing connection properties............................... 50 iterating............................................................... 53, 56 limitations................................................................... 54 priority of rule sets................................................... 50 reaction forces........................................................... 57 rules.............................................................................. 51 saving connection properties files....................... 49 setup............................................................................. 48 using............................................................................. 51 automatic properties ....................................................... 14
b
base plate add ................................................................................ 25 beam profiles selecting ...................................................................... 31 beams connect to column ................................................... 26 bending radius................................................................... 78 bending shapes defining .....................................................................114 rebar shape manager...................................114, 116 reinforcement ..........................................................113 rules............................................................................116 bending types reinforcement ..........................................................113 bent mesh adding points ...........................................................108 removing points ......................................................109 bolt assemblies defining in connections .......................................... 41
143
Index
bolts bolt group orientation.............................................36 bolt group pattern ....................................................37 bolt position ...............................................................37 bolt spacing................................................................36 defining................................................................ 33, 35 deleting........................................................................40 edge distance .............................................................37 increasing bolt length .............................................35 number of....................................................................36 overview of properties on the bolts tab .............33 connections beam to column ........................................................ 26 defining bolt assemblies......................................... 41 copying components................................................................ 22 custom reinforcement meshes....................................110 customizing reinforcement ................................................110, 113
d
default properties ............................................................. 14 default values setting with the joints.def file .............................. 57 defaults.zxt......................................................................... 50 Design type tab ................................................................. 16 detailed components ....................................................... 28
c
cast-in-place........................... 105, 107, 108, 109, 110 cast-in-situ.............................. 105, 107, 108, 109, 110 CIP .............................................. 105, 107, 108, 109, 110 columns connect to beam .......................................................26 combining reinforcing bar groups...........................................110 reinforcing bars .......................................................110 component catalog ..........................................................17 component design checking ......................................................................16 components concepts ......................................................................10 conceptual ..................................................................28 copying ........................................................................22 creating view..............................................................27 detailed........................................................................28 dialog box ...................................................................11 publish in catalog .....................................................22 symbols ........................................................................19 thumbnails..................................................................20 types .............................................................................10 using Excel..................................................................70 viewing ........................................................................27 conceptual components..................................................28 concrete cover ...................................................................81 connect beam to column ........................................................26 Connection Browser.........................................................46 connection library, see component catalog ..............17
144
e
edge distance bolts.............................................................................. 37 editing connection properties ............................................. 50 Excel ..................................................................................... 71 example ....................................................................... 71 using for components.............................................. 70 Excel.vb................................................................................ 71 exploding reinforcements ........................................................112 exploding reinforcements.............................................112
f
formulas rebar shape manager.............................................118 framing conditions ........................................................... 42
g
general tab ......................................................................... 15 geometry reinforcement ..........................................................105
Index
grouping mesh ...........................................................................107 reinforcement ..........................................................107 reinforcing bar group.............................................107 mesh ..................................................................................... 94 bent............................................................................... 94 grouping ....................................................................107 polygonal..................................................................... 94 ungrouping ...............................................................105 modifying reinforcement ..........................................................100 moving reinforcement splice ................................................ 99
h
handles of reinforcement .....................................................101 holes creating........................................................................35
o
omitting reinforcing bars ............................................... 83
i
indicating component status with Excel design......74 iterating AutoDefaults ..............................................................56
p
part position number....................................................... 31 parts defining ....................................................................... 30 dialog box tabs.......................................................... 30 dimensioning.............................................................. 30 part position number............................................... 31 setting default prefix and start number ............ 31 plates defining ....................................................................... 30 dimensioning.............................................................. 30 prestressed strands debonding ................................................................... 97 properties automatic.................................................................... 14 default.......................................................................... 14 system default ........................................................... 14 publish in catalog ............................................................. 22
j
joints.def about ............................................................................58 bolt and part properties..........................................62 bolt properties in clip angle connections ..........61 bolt properties in diagonal connections ............62 bolt properties in end plate connections ...........61 bolt properties in gusset connections.................62 bolt properties in shear plate connections........61 connections that use joints.def ............................59 defining bolt diameter and number of rows.....61 defining global defaults..........................................60 entering values ..........................................................59 example of how Tekla Structures uses ...............69 how it works...............................................................58 interpreting.................................................................58
r
reaction forces................................................................... 57 rebar ..................................................................................... 87 bending types ..........................................................120 rebar group......................................................................... 89 rebar mesh.......................................................................... 94
m
materials defining........................................................................32
145
Index
rebar shape manager bending shapes............................................. 113, 114 formulas ....................................................................118 rebarshaperules.xml ...............................................114 rules ............................................................................116 reinforcement adaptivity ..................................................................102 adding points ...........................................................108 basic properties .........................................................78 bending radius ...........................................................78 bending shapes............................................. 113, 114 bending types.........................................78, 113, 114 customizing ..............................................................113 defining as custom components ........................113 exploding...................................................................112 geometry ...................................................................105 grouping ....................................................................107 hooks ............................................................................79 in templates..............................................................140 invalid geometry .....................................................105 modifying ..................................................................100 omitting bars..............................................................83 prestressed strands...................................................97 rebar shape manager .................................. 113, 114 rebarshaperules.xml ...............................................114 reinforcing bar shape catalog ...............................85 removing points ......................................................109 spacing.........................................................................82 splice ............................................................................99 strands .........................................................................97 ungrouping ...............................................................105 user-defined attributes ...........................................83 reinforcement mesh .........................................................94 customizing ..............................................................110 reinforcement splice moving .........................................................................99 reinforcing bar group....................................................... 89 adding points ...........................................................108 circular......................................................................... 93 combining .................................................................110 curved .......................................................................... 92 grouping ....................................................................107 removing points ......................................................109 splitting .....................................................................110 ungrouping ...............................................................105 reinforcing bar groups reinforcing bar shape catalog ............................... 85 reinforcing bar shape catalog ....................................... 85 reinforcing bars ................................................................. 87 adding points ...........................................................108 bending types ..........................................................120 combining .................................................................110 reinforcing bar shape catalog ............................... 85 removing points ......................................................109 removing points bent mesh .................................................................109 reinforcement ..........................................................109 reinforcing bar.........................................................109 reinforcing bar group ............................................109 reports on reinforcement ....................................................140 rule groups.......................................................................... 42 creating ....................................................................... 44 rule sets ............................................................................... 42 creating ....................................................................... 44 editing.......................................................................... 44 priority ......................................................................... 50 rules ...................................................................................... 51 bending shapes........................................................116 rebar shape manager.............................................116 rules.zxt ............................................................................... 45
s
setting up Excel files........................................................ 71 shape catalog..................................................................... 85 shear force calculation.................................................... 57 slotted holes defining ....................................................................... 39 spacing reinforcing bars ................................................. 82
146
Index
spiral reinforcing bar groups .........................................89 splice.....................................................................................99 splitting reinforcing bar group.............................................110 reinforcing bars in a group ..................................110 strand pattern reinforcement ............................................................97 system default properties...............................................14 ungrouping mesh ...........................................................................105 reinforcement ..........................................................105 reinforcing bar group ............................................105 up direction ........................................................................ 13 user-defined reinforcement attributes....................... 83
v
viewing components................................................................ 27
t
tapered reinforcing bar groups .....................................89 thumbnail images .............................................................20
w
welds defining ............................................................... 33, 41
u
UDL........................................................................................57
z
zxt files ........................................................................ 45, 50
147