Occupational Safety

Engr. Eduardo E. Dela Cruz

Accredited OSH Consultant
 f

Why the need for

occupational safety and
health (OSH)?
What is the STATUS of
occupational safety
and health (OSH) in
your companies?
 What is MY role
in OSH program
implementation
in my workplace?
Unsafe and Unhealthy
Acts and Conditions
ACCIDENT

An occurrence or event  loss; damage

that is unexpected/
unforeseen, unplanned  injury
and unwanted.
 death

Department of Labor and Employment

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CENTER
Common Reasons for Accidents

Layman’s version:

‘Oras na kasi niya, hayaan na siyang

mamahinga!’
‘Ang malas naman niya!’
‘T**** kasi niya!’
‘Kasama sa trabaho yan!’

These are not real causes - - -

only EXCUSES
Department of Labor and Employment
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CENTER
Immediate Causes of accidents

• Unsafe / Unhealthy ACTS

• Unsafe / Unhealthy
CONDITIONS

Department of Labor and Employment

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CENTER
Unsafe / Unhealthy ACT

 A human action that departs from a standard or

written job procedure or common practice, safety
rules, regulations, or instructions.

 A violation of a commonly-accepted safe

procedures and or processes.

Department of Labor and Employment

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CENTER
What will you look for as
safety officers?

Department of Labor and Employment

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CENTER
Examples of Unsafe Acts
• Operating equipment without authority
• Removing safety devices
• Using Defective equipment
• Improper/Non-use of PPE
• Horseplaying
• Working while under the
influence of alcohol or drugs

Department of Labor and Employment

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CENTER
Factors Contributing to Unsafe Acts

• Improper Attitude

• Physical Limitations

• Lack of Knowledge
or Skills

Department of Labor and Employment

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CENTER
 Unsafe Condition

• The physical or chemical property of a material,

machine or the environment that may result in injury
to a person, damage or destruction to property and
other losses;
• could have been guarded or prevented.

Department of Labor and Employment

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CENTER
What will you look for as
safety officers?

Department of Labor and Employment

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CENTER
Examples of Unsafe Conditions

 Inadequate guards/protection
 Defective tools, equipment
 Congested / blocked exits
 Inadequate warning systems
 Slippery floors
 Hazardous atmospheric condition
 Excessive noise
 Extreme temperature
 Inadequate illumination/ ventilation

Department of Labor and Employment

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CENTER
Let’s practice!
• As safety officers, you need to:

- identify unsafe & unhealthy

acts, conditions in your
workplaces
- address/control these in your
OSH programs
Generally…

98% - preventable
88% - unsafe / unhealthy ACTS

10% - unsafe/unhealthy CONDITIONS

2% - non-preventable

Department of Labor and Employment

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CENTER
Clear Points
• Accidents and injuries result to losses of
lives, limbs, time and property
• Most accidents at work could have been
prevented. Address unsafe and unhealthy acts
and conditions.
• Every workplace has different hazards,
risk, levels of exposure. Tailor fit your OSH
response.

• Conduct workplace risk assessment through

hazards identification, evaluation and control.
A fatal accident is just the TIP of the iceberg

1 Death
10 serious accidents
100 minor injuries
1,000 hazardous occurrences
10,000 unsafe acts or conditions
ACCIDENTS
CAUSATION
 Safety Philosophy

Heinrich – 1931
The occurrence of an injury invariably resulting from a
complicated sequence of factors, the last one of these
being the injury itself. The accident which caused the
injury is in turn invariably caused or permitted directly
by the unsafe act of a person and/or by a mechanical or
physical hazard.
Accident Causation

 Domino Theory
Domino Theory
BACKGROUND

WORK SYSTEM
People

Environment Equipment

Materials
 ACCIDENT THEORY

People

Environment Equipment

Materials
LET’S CHECK THIS…
TYPES OF ACCIDENTS
Fall to below (nahulog/nahulugan)
 Struck against (man in motion)
 Fall on same level (nadulas/nadapa)
Caught in ( in running/ naipit )
Caught on ( snagged o nasabit)
Struck by ( man stationary/hit by)
Can accidents be
prevented?
M
o
r
e

E
x
a
m
p
l
e
s
 Unsafe Act vs.
 Unsafe Condition
98% - preventable
• 88% - unsafe act
• 10% - unsafe condition
 2% - non- preventable
 Safety Philosophy

Gordon - 1949
Multiple Causation Theory –
The accident is a result of a complex and random
interaction between the victim, the agent and the
environment, and cannot be explained by consideration
of only of the three.
Workplace Hazards

HAZARDS
 Hazard Categories

Physical
Chemical

Biological

Ergonomics
Direct Hazards

 Electrical
 Mechanical
 Flying
 Falling Objects
Mechanical Hazards
Physical Hazards

Poor Illumination
Vibration
Noise
Heat
Radiation
Ionizing
Non-ionizing
 Chemical Hazards

 Form
 Types:
 Acids  Solid
 Bases  Liquid
 Toxic
 Gas
 Irritant
 Dangerous  Dust
Drugs/Alcohol
 Vapor
 Mists
 Fumes
Biological Hazards

 Bacteria
 Funji
 Virus
 Plants
 Animals & Insects
 Snakes, Rodents, Mosquito
 HIV
 Hepa-B
Ergonomic Hazards

 Sitting vs. Standing

 Stationary vs. Mobile
 Nonrepetitive vs. Repetitive
Unsafe Act
WORKPLACE RISK ASSESSMENT
(HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION)
WORKPLACE GOOD
HOUSEKEEPING
 SIGNS OF POOR HOUSEKEEPING
 Cluttered and poorly arranged areas
 Materials gathering rust and dirt from
disuse
 Blocked aisleway
 Untidy or dangerous storage of materials
 Overflow storage areas and shelves
SIGNS OF POOR HOUSEKEEPING

 Presence of items no longer needed or

in excess
 Dusty, dirty floors and work surfaces
 Tools and equipment left in work areas
 No waste bins and containers
 Presence of spills and leaks
 ACCIDENTS FROM POOR
HOUSEKEEPING
 Being hit by falling objects
 Tripping over loose objects on floors, stairs and
platforms
 Slipping on greasy, wet or dirty surfaces
 Striking against projecting, poorly stacked items or
misplaced material
 Cutting, puncturing, or tearing the skin of hands or
other parts of the body on projecting nails, wire or
steel strapping
 Electrocution from exposed live wires
 Planning a Good Housekeeping
Program (5S)
 5S is a tool that represents the basic principles of
housekeeping and workplace organization. It is more
than cleaning and painting. It is a disciplined approach to
keep the workplace efficient and effective.
 Benefits Of 5S:
• Maintains safe and healthy work conditions

• High morale. Employees feel good in their second home.

• Improve company image.

 5S of Good Housekeeping
5S DESCRIPTION / ACTION ILLUSTRATION

Seiri  identify and eliminate all unnecessary items

Sort from the workplace
Suriin

Seiton  Put all essential materials in a systematic

Systematize order
Sinupin

Seiso  Clean and/or polish the workplace to attain a

Sweep dirt or dust-free state
Simutin

Seiketsu  Develop procedures, schedules, practices

Standardize  Regularly audit using checklists and measures
Siguruhin of housekeeping

Shitsuke  A condition where all members practice the

Self – Discipline above 4S spontaneously and willingly as a way
Sariling - Kusa of life
 For a 5S & Housekeeping
Program To Be Effective
 Management commitment and employee support

 Housekeeping & 5s policy program and procedures

 Training

 Program evaluation

 Recognition
MACHINE
HAZARDS
What is Machine?

 Any contrivance that convert any kind of energy into

mechanical energy

 Any thing that moves

 Where Mechanical
Hazards Occur

other moving parts

power transmission

point of operation
What is a Machine?

Simple Machines
 Where Mechanical
Hazards Occur
Power transmission apparatus:

 All components of the mechanical system

that transmit energy to the part of the
machine performing the work.
 These components include flywheels,
pulleys, belts, connecting rods, couplings,
cams, spindles, chains, sprockets, cranks,
and gears.
 Where Mechanical
Hazards Occur
The point of operation:
 That point where work is performed on the
material, such as cutting, shaping, boring, or
forming.

Other moving parts:

 All parts of the machine which move while
the machine is working.
Hazards Associated With Machines

workpiece
exposed movement projectile
machine parts hazards
noise
Industrial Revolution
Mechanical Motions

 Rotating
 Reciprocating
 Traversing
Rotating Motions
Rotating Motions
Nip Points

Rotating Parts in Opposite Direction

Nip Points
Nip Points
Reciprocating Motions
Traversing Motions
Mechanical Actions

Cutting
Mechanical Actions

Punching
Shearing

Bending
 Causes Of Machine Related
Accidents
 An individual making unwanted contact with a moving part of
a machine.

 Something flying from the machine.

 A machine malfunction, including mechanical and electrical

energy sources failure.

 Workpiece movement during a forming or cutting process.

 Effects Of Machine Related
Accidents
 Can result to severe injuries.

 Loss of trained and skilled employee.

 Loss in productivity.

 Damaged equipment.
Machine Guarding

Anything that protect the

operator against direct contact
with the moving parts of the
machine.
OSH Standards Provisions on
Machine Guarding
 All moving parts of prime movers, transmission
equipment and all dangerous parts of driven
machinery shall be effectively guarded, unless so
constructed or located to prevent any person or
object from coming or brought into contact with
them.
Why Should Machine be
Guarded?

High source of
compensable injuries
High severity
Distraction
Damage
Category of Machine Guards

Preventing Access
Preventing Dangerous Motion
Mechanical Power Press
Preventing Access

Fixed enclosing Movable guards

guards w/ interlocking
switches
Preventing Access

Two-hand controls
Preventing Access

Sweep type
devices
Preventing Access

Pullback devices
Preventing Access

Arm-Type Overhead Type

Restraint Device
Preventing Access

Circular Saw
Preventing Access

Band Saw
Preventing Dangerous Motion

Photo Electric Light Curtains

Preventing Dangerous Motion

Photo Electric Light Curtains

Preventing Dangerous Motion

Photo Electric Light Curtains

Light Curtain
Robotics Operation
Preventing Dangerous Motion

Pressure sensitive Pressure sensitive

safety mats edges
Preventing Dangerous Motion

Emergency Stop
o Emergency stop buttons

o Grabwire switches

o Telescopic trip switches

Requirements for Safeguards

 Prevent contact
 Be secure and durable
 Protect against falling object
 Create no new hazard
 Create no interface
 Allow safe maintenance
Foot Pedal Protection
Blades Exposure
The Hierarchy of Measures

 Fixed enclosing guards

 Movable (interlocked) guards or protection devices
 Protection appliances
 Provision of information, instruction, training &
supervision
 Personal Protective Equipment
Workplace Hazards
Appropriate PPE
MATERIAL
HANDLING
HAZARDS
 Materials Handling

A technique which includes

the art of lifting, placing,
storing or moving of
materials through the use of
appropriate handling
equipment and men.
 Classification Of Materials
Handling Operation
Manual Handling
 is the of lifting, transporting and packaging of products
using own physical strength.
 Hand operated handling, transporting and packaging of
products.

Mechanical Handling
 pertains to more rigid, powered and non-powered
mechanics mainly for handling bulky and heavy items
 Take Note!

Lifting and moving things at work is

something you probably do every day…

…unfortunately, it’s also an everyday cause of

disabling injuries and even deaths!
 Material Handling Accidents

National Safety Council (NSC) shows that

improper materials handling accounts for
20% - 25% of all occupational injuries.
 Hazards Associated with Materials
Handling
 Failure of the lifting equipment

 Falling load

 Collision

 Trapped between objects

 Materials Handling Injuries
Manual materials handling is
riskier than one might think.
It could lead to:
 strains,
 sprains,
 wounds,
 fractures, and
 hernias.
 Manual Handling –
Mistakes That Cause Injuries
 Bending Back
 Twisting with load
 Attempting to much weight
(load too heavy)
 Reaching too far
 Lifting to one side
 Off – balance shifting
 Failure to use personal PPE,
such as gloves, safety shoes
 Mechanical Handling
 Non-Power Driven
 Wheeler/hand truck
 Wheelbarrow
 Cart
 Drum tilter
 Trolley
 Hand pallet (pallet jack)
 Lever hoist
 Chain hoist
 Manually Powered Materials
Handling Equipment

 to reduce physical effort making the handling of

materials easier and safer
 to provide easy access
 to protect the operator
 to prevent any damage to the material.
 Power-driven Lifting Equipment
Types
 Elevators and Dumbwaiters
 Electric Hoist
 Cranes
 Stationary
 Tower Cranes,
 Overhead Traveling Cranes
 Gantry Cranes
 Mobile
 Wheel Type
 Crawler Type
 Power-driven Transport Equipment
Types
 Forklift
 Tractor
 Dump Truck
 Conveyor
 Motorized Pallet Jacks
 Industrial Truck Safety
Popular Misconceptions

 “Anyone can drive a lift truck.”

 “They handle just like a car.”
 “They are easier to drive than a car.”
 “You don’t need any training to safely drive a fork
lift.”
ELECTRICAL
HAZARDS
 What is Electricity?
A form of energy resulting from the existence of
charged particles. Electricity is the flow of moving
electrons. When the electrons flow it is called an
electrical current.

Failure to ensure a safe design, proper work

procedures, proper servicing and maintenance
of electrical equipment often result in bodily
harm or death, property damage or both.
 Electrical Accidents
There are three direct and two
indirect types of electrical
accidents:
 Direct:
 Electrocution or death due to
electrical shock
 Electrical shock
 Burns
 Indirect:
 Falls
 Fire
 Causes of Electrical Accidents
 Contact with live conductors
 Short circuiting
 Arcs and sparks
 Overloading
 Inadequate grounding
 Non-usage of standard replacement
 Wet environment
 Electrical Hazards
FIRES -
Electricity is one of the most common causes of fires
both in the home and in the workplace. Electric
short circuiting, arcing, sparks, overloading, use of
defective or misused electrical equipment are major
causes of electrical fires.
Non-usage Of Standard Protective
Devices
Overloaded Circuit
 Clues That Electrical Hazards Exist
 Tripped circuit breakers or blown
fuses
 Warm tools, wires, cords,
connections, or junction boxes
 Circuit breaker that shuts off a
circuit
 Worn or frayed insulation around
wire or connection
 Causes of
Electrocution Fatalities
 Contact with Overhead Power lines
 Not following Lockout/Tagout procedures
 Contact with Live Circuits
 Poorly Maintained Extension Cords
 Defective Power Tools
Contact With Live Conductors
Unsafe Electrical Extension Cord
 Electricity and Water
 The likelihood of being shock is greatly
multiplied in damp locations
 People are excellent conductors
 Never use electrical equipment in damp or wet
areas
 Do Not spray water around any electrical source
 Important Terminologies
Current (amperes)
is the amount of electricity flow in a conductor.

Voltage (volts)

is the force which causes electrons

to flow in a conductor.

Resistance (ohms)

is the opposition of a material to the

flow of electricity.
 Types of Voltages

High Voltage
660 volts or more

Low Voltage
less than 660 volts
More Frequent Accidents Happen
at Low Voltage Areas

 Most employees work and

move around in this area
 Not all workers have the
proper trainings and
experience
 It is treated as less dangerous.
 Types of Material as to Electrical
Resistance

Conductor - any material that offers little

resistance to the flow of an electric current

Insulator - any material that is a very poor

conductor of electricity and prevent current
from taking unwanted paths
 Electrical Shock
An electrical shock is received when
electrical current passes through the
body.
How Shocks Occur?
Electric shock normally occurs in one of
three ways.
Individuals —
• must come in contact with both wires
of the electric circuit,
• must come in contact with one wire of
an energized circuit and the ground,
• must come in contact with a metal part
that accidentally becomes energized and
the ground.
 Current and the Human Body
How does current enter the body?
 Typical points of entry are the hands and
feet as they come in contact with electric
current.
Moisture beneath a ring or watch will
decrease the skin’s resistance and allow
current to flow.

 Sometimes, through the head and

shoulders.
 Shock Severity
• Severity of the shock depends on:
• Path of current through the body
• Amount of current flowing through the
body (amps)
• Duration of the shocking current through
the body

• LOW VOLTAGE DOES NOT MEAN LOW

HAZARD
Have a nice
day!!!
Thank you very much !!!
Fire Safety

Engr. Eduardo E. Dela Cruz

Accredited OSH Consultant
 OZONE DISCO FIRE :
162 DEATHS plus INJURIES

LUNG CENTER FIRE :

25 DEATHS plus INJURIES

DAMAS de ISLAS de FILIPNAS FIRE : 23

DEATHS plus INJURIES

QC MANOR HOTEL FIRE :

75 DEATHS plus INJURIES

“An average losses of SEVENTEEN MILLION PESOS a day”

KENTEX Footwear Factory
May 13, 2015 Fire
72 workers died plus injured
What is fire?

Fire is a chemical reaction between a

flammable or combustible
substance and oxygen.
It is frequently referred to as “rapid
oxidation with the evolution of light
and heat.”
To produce fire, three things must
be present at the time: Fuel, Heat
and Oxygen.
Triangle of Fire

HEAT
 ELEMENTS OF FIRE
(FIRE TRIANGLE)
Fuel – can be any Oxygen – in sufficient
combustible quantities, combine with
material the fuel for combustion
to occur.

Heat – energy necessary to raise the temperature of the

fuel and the oxygen to a point at which they will react
together.
Classes of Fuel

Class A Class B Class C Class D

wood, paper, gasoline, Overloaded Magnesium
dried grass, kerosene, electrical sodium,
etc. paints, wires and potassium,
thinners, oil, equipment etc.
etc. Fire spread with the
presence of class A
& B materials
All About Fuel
(Any material that will burn is classified as fuel)

Flash point - is the lowest temperature at which

it gives off sufficient vapor to form an ignitable
mixture with air and produce a flame when
there is an ignition source.

Flammable material – a material having a

flashpoint below 100F (37.8C).

Combustible material – a material having

a flashpoint at or above100F (37.8C).
All About Fuel
(Any material that will burn is classified as fuel)

Flash point
the lowest temperature at which it gives off
sufficient vapor to form an ignitable mixture with air
and produce a flame when there is an ignition
source.

Lower and Upper Explosive Limits

An excess of fuel with an adequate amount of oxygen
means that the substance is too rich to burn while a higher
concentration oxygen with inadequate amount of fuel
means that substance is too lean to burn.
Flash pts. And explosive limits of
common industrial liquids

Flashpoint LEL UEL

Chemical
(°C) % %
Acetone -18 2.6 12.8
Benzene -11 1.5 8.0
Petrol -7 1.1 7.6
(Gasoline)
Toluene -4 1.3 7.0
Ethyl Alcohol -13 3.5 19.0
Xylene -17 1.0 6.0
Kerosene -40 0.7 5.0
Which is more dangerous?

Substance with low flashpoint or a

substance with a high flashpoint?

Answer: The lower the flashpoint,

the more dangerous a substance
is.
Principles of Fire Prevention and
Control
 Prevent the Outbreak of Fire

 Provide for Early Detection

 Prevent the Spread of Fire
 Provide for Prompt Extinguishment
 Provide for Prompt and Orderly Evacuation
 Fire Statistics
(BFP 1996-2000)

 Electrical
 Combustible/heat, bonfire
 Open flames/cook
 Cigarette butts/smoking
 Fire works, explosive
 Flammable liquids
 LPG (tanks, stove)
 Unknown, others
 Fire Statistics
(Factory Mutual Eng’g Corp.)

 Electrical 22 %
 Incendiarism 10 %
 Smoking 9%
 Hot Surfaces 9%
 Friction 7%
 Welding & Cutting 7%
 Spontaneous Ignition 5 %
 Static Electricity 2%
 COMMON SOURCES OF HEAT
THAT CAUSES FIRE
 Overloaded electrical system

 Open flames

 Smoking / cigarette butts

 Hot surfaces

 Friction

 Cutting / welding

 Electrical spark
Sources of Heat:

 Electrical Heat Energy

 Resistance heating

 Arcing

 Static electricity
Sources of Heat:

Mechanical Heat
 Friction heat
 Example is slipping belt against pulley
 Friction spark
 Example is dropping steel tools on a concrete
floor.
 Spontaneous Heat
 spontaneous heat happens when piles of oily
rags have been left to dry in the open air.
Certain kinds of oil tend to produce heat, as
they are oxidized and may create a fire in the
pile of rags.
Sources of Heat:

 Open Flames
 cigarettes, matches, welding torch and internal
combustion engines as the sources of heat
Welding and Cutting Sparks
Sparks and Frictions
Fire Detection

 Smoke Detectors

 Monitor changes within the area

 Provide early warning

 Changing stages in the development of fire

 When smoke is produced

Fire Detection

 Heat Detectors

 Fixed temperature types

Which respond when the detection element
reaches a predetermined temperature

 Rate-of-rise type
Which respond to an increase in heat at a rate
greater than some predetermined value.
Fire Detection

 Flame Detectors

 Infra-red
sensing elements responsive to radiant energy
outside the range of human vision.
useful in detecting fire in large areas.
e.g. storage areas
 Ultra-violet
sensing elements responsive to radiant energy
outside the range of human vision.
 Mode of Fire Propagation
(Heat transfer)
MODE CHARACTERISTICS ILLUSTRATION

Conduction • Heat transfer to another

body or within a body by
direct contact.
• Heat can be transferred trash
through steel beams, metal
conduit, wire and ducts.
Convection • Transfer of heat through a
circulating medium, such as
hot air and gases.
• The hotter the gases, the
faster they rise.
Radiation Transfer of heat by the emission
and propagation of heat
energy in the form of rays or
waves.
Heat Transfer
Conduction Convection
Heat Transfer
Convection and Radiation
Heat Transfer
Control of Smoke
 Extinguishments of Fire
 Removal of Fuel
 Limiting Oxygen
 Cooling the Heat
Extinguishing Medium

Water is the Best

 Class A -
Extinguishant
Metal cover, wet sack, towel,
 Class B -
cloth or blanket, sand and soil
 Class C - Main switch is the first
consideration. Then what is
useful for A & B can be
used here.
 Fire Extinguisher

Permanent Portable
 Fire hydrant and
hose
 Sprinkler System
 Automatic
extinguishing
system
Portable Fire Extinguisher
Portable Fire Extinguisher
 Portable Fire Extinguisher

Principle
 Types of
Portable Fire Extinguishers
 Water
 Foam
 Carbon Dioxide
 Dry Chemical
 Halogenated Agents
 Water-Based Extinguishers

 Three Basic Designs

Stored pressure
Contains 2 ½ gal. (9.5 ltr) weighs 30 lbs. (13.6 kg.)
and consists of a single chamber which contains
both the agent and expellant gas.
Pump Tank
Cylindrical Pump Tank model has carrying handles
either attached to the container or built into the
pump handle
Backpack Pump Tank are used chiefly for fighting
outdoor brush and wildland fires. Most common is
about 50 lbs (23kg) when full.
Water-based Fire
Extinguisher
Carbon Dioxide Fire
Extinguisher
Halogenated Agent
Extinguishers
 Halon 1211 – Bromochlorodifluoro methane
 Halon 1301 – Bromotrifluoromethane
 Mixture of Halon 1211 and 1301
Foam Type Extinguishers

 Intended for use on Class A and Class B fires

 Two types:
 AFFF(Aqueous Film Forming Foam)
 FFFP(Film Forming Fluoroprotein)
 Both types are placed into operation by the same
procedure used for water extinguishers
Foam Fire Extinguisher
 Carbon Dioxide
Extinguishers
 Compressed gas agent
 Intended for Class B and Class C fires
 Can be used for Class A fires until water or some
other Class A-rated agent can be obtained
 Prevent combustion by displacing the oxygen in
the air surrounding of fire and by cooling the fire.
 Principal advantage is that it does not leave a
residue
 Retained as liquid at 800 to 900 psi at 88 o F(31oC)
Dry Chemical Extinguishers

 Basic Designs
 One uses separate pressured cartridge to expel the
agent
 Should be recharged once they have been depressurized
even if no agent has been released
 Pressurizes the agent chamber
 Available in both chargeable and disposable shell models
and should be replaced, even if a small amount of agent
has been discharged
Dry Chemical Fire
Extinguisher
Dry Chemical Extinguishers

 Intended primarily for use in Class B and

Class C fires
 Types of agent available
 Sodium bicarbonate base
 Potassium bicarbonate base
 Potassium chloride base
 Potassium bicarbonate urea base
 Multi purpose dry chem are effective on
Class A,B &C fires
 Contains an ammonium phosphate base
agent
Halogenated Agent
Extinguishers
 Halon 1211 – Bromochlorodifluoro methane
 Halon 1301 – Bromotrifluoromethane
 Mixture of Halon 1211 and 1301
Fire Extinguisher
PASS - Word
Pull
Aim
Squeeze
Sweep
Proper Selection of
Fire Extinguishers
 Extinguishers shall be selected for the specific class or
classes or hazards to be protected against in
accordance with the ff.:
 Extinguishers for Class A hazards, such as wood, cloth,
paper, rubber and other similar ordinary materials, shall
be selected from foam, loaded stream, multi purpose dry
chemical and water type.
Distrtibution of
Fire Extinguishers
 Items that affect distribution:
 The area and arrangement of the building
occupancy conditions
 The severity of the hazards
 The anticipated classes of fire
 Other protective systems or devices
 The distance to be traveled to reach extinguishers
 Anticipated rate of fire spread
 The intensity and rate of heat development
 The smoke contributed by the burning materials the
accessibility of a fire to close approach with portable
fire extinguishers
Selection .. Cont…

 Extinguishers for Class B hazards, fires in

flammable liquids, gases and greases, shall
be selected from carbon dioxide, dry
chemical, foam, loaded stream and multi
purpose dry chemical
 Extinguishers for Class C hazards, fires which
involved energized electrical equipment
where the electrical conductivity of the
extinguishing media if of importance, shall
be selected from carbon dioxide, dry
chemicals, and multi purpose dry chemicals
Location of Fire Extinguishers

 Generally, locations should be selected

that will:
 Provide uniform distribution
 Provide easy accessibility
 Be relatively free from blocking by storage
and equipment, or both
 Be near normal path of travel
 Be near entrance and exit doors
 Be free from the potential of physical
damage
 Be readily visible
 Be installed on a floor-by-floor basis
INSPECTION

Checkpoints
1. Location
2. Unobstructed
3. Opening instructions
4. Seals and tamper indicators
5. Weight
6. Physical appearance
7. Pressure gauge
8. Maintenance tag

Note: Inspection must be done at least monthly or more

frequently to be effective
MAINTENANCE

Maintenance-a complete and thorough

examination of each extinguisher
 Examining all its parts
 Cleaning and replacing any defective parts
 Reassembling, recharging and where appropriate
pressurize the extinguisher

 Basic items to be checked:

 Mechanical parts
 Extinguishing agents
 Expelling means
Requirements for Effective Use of Fire
Extinguishers

Of Approved Type

The Right Type for the Class of Fire
Accessibly Located
Maintained in Operating Condition
Operable by Trained Personnel
 Sprinkler System
 Classifications  Classifications
 Extra Light Hazards
e.g. residential, hotels,
motels and offices
 Ordinary Hazards
e.g. restaurants
 Extra High Standards
e.g. manufacture, or
storage of flammable
liquids
Exit Safety
Regular drill
 Exit Safety
At least 2-way out Travel distance
 Exit Safety
Correct Exit Design Clear, unobstructed
& lighted
Emergency Exits
Emergency Exits
Emergency Exits
FIRE BRIGADE:
CONCEPT and
ORGANIZATION
Fire Brigade Organization

Fire Marshall

Asst. Fire
Marshall

Fire Fighting Evacuation First Aid

Group Group Group

Security Search &

Group Rescue Group
Summary and Conclusion

HEAT of fire will lead us to a

“Better understanding
prompt and correct extinguishments of fire.”
Exercise: Usapang Safety
 As occupational health physicians, how do you…
1. ”talk” OSH with your colleagues?
2. encourage workers to talk about OSH?

 Share your thoughts!

 Engineering Control
Measures

Engr. Eduardo E. Dela Cruz

Accredited OSH Consultant
Session Objectives
At the end of the session, the participants will
be able to:

Discuss the general principles and different

methods of engineering controls in reducing
workers’ risk and exposure

Understand the importance of hierarchy of

controls pertaining to safety and health
hazards.
Everybody has the right to
a SAFE and HEALTHY
workplace.

OSH is everybody’s
responsibility!
 As Occupational Health
Physicians,

• You are part of the OSH Committee

• You work with the OSH Committee in
implementing OSH in the workplace

• ------- how do you think you can contribute

to the prevention of accidents and
Basic Principles in Hazard
Control

Anticipation
Recognition
Evaluation
Control
Hazard Control Program

Basically, Hazard Control Program

consist of all steps necessary to
protect the workers against
accidents and illnesses, training
and the procedures required for
evaluation and monitoring
workers’ exposure to different
types of hazards
 Areas of Control of Hazards

SOURCE AIR PATH RECEIVER

Control Measures

Engineering Control
Administrative Control
Personal Protective Equipment
Elements of Engineering
Control
Elimination
Substitution
Isolation
Containment
Modification
Automation
Ventilation
Elements of Engineering
Control

Elimination
The process of removing
the hazards from the
workplace
Elements of Engineering
Control
Elimination examples
Moving the work to a ground
level from working from heights
Redesigning the process
Eliminating a step the process
that involves a hazardous
material
Elements of Engineering
Control
Substitution
A hazard control strategy in which
a material or process is replaced
with another that is not or less
hazardous
Factor to consider:
The hazard of the new material or
process should be considered and
monitored
Elements of Engineering
Control

Substitution Examples:
replace a toxic substance
with less toxic one
dusty powder to suspension in
liquid solvent
water-jet cutting process to
mechanical sawing or cutting
Elements of Engineering
Control
Isolation
Isolating or separating the
hazards or hazardous work
practices from people not
involved in the work or the
general work area.
Elements of Engineering
Control
Isolation example
Marking off hazardous areas
Installing screens and barriers
Elements of Engineering
Control
Containment
containment of the hazard or
source of the hazard by sealing
them to a vessel/container or
system to create a barrier between
the them and the worker or
environment
Elements of Engineering
Control
Containment example
Gloveboxes

Airlocks
Elements of Engineering
Control
Modification/Redesign
Changing the physical
operating conditions
without altering the
material/substance or
the process
Elements of Engineering
Control
Automation
The use of robotic equipment to
replace the function of the
workers.
Elements of Engineering
Control
Ventilation
the process of supplying and
removing air by natural or
mechanical means to and from a
space
Elements of Engineering
Control
Types of Ventilation System
General or Dilution Ventilation
System
Local Exhaust Ventilation
System
Administrative Control

Reduction of period of work

Adjustment of work schedule
Education of employees
Emergency response education
Housekeeping and maintenance
Personal Protective
Equipment
 Dust / Gas Respirators
 Face Shields
 Safety Goggles and Spectacles
 Earplugs / Earmuffs
 Safety Shoes and Leggings
 Safety Helmets/Hard Hats
 Gloves
 Aprons
Personal Protective
Equipment
Uses of PPEs

Where temporary control measures

are necessary before engineering
controls measures are installed.
Supplement engineering controls in
reducing exposure during
maintenance works
During emergency situations
Classification of Hazard
 Direct
Unguarded machines
Falling/Flying Materials
Slipper floors, etc.
 Physical
Noise
Temperature Extremes
Radiations
Extreme Pressures
Vibration
Classification of Hazard
 Chemical
Vapors
Gas
Dusts
Fumes
Mists
 Biological
Bacteria
Virus
Fungi
 Ergonomics
Limitations of PPE
 Hazards still exist
 Protection to the wearer only
 If PPE is defective or becomes
ineffective, the user becomes exposed
to hazards
 Introduce additional hazards
 May not ne suitable for continuous use
 May not be worn properly
 May transfer hazards to another
locations
Program to Introduce PPE

Written Policy
Proper Selection of PPE
Proper Training
Maintenance Program
Incentive System
Enforcement
Employee Training

Use
Type
Fit
Limitations
Care and Maintenance
Useful life
Disposal
Respiratory Protective
Equipment
Air Purifying
Filtering air impurities which are
present in the atmosphere
before they are inhaled by the
workers
Disposable filter-type
Cartridge type
Respiratory Protective
Equipment
Air Supplying
Provides continuous supply of
uncontaminated air
Self contained breathing apparatus
(SCBA) used in:
Confined spaces
High concentration of contaminants
Fire fighting
Hearing Protection
Earplugs
Hearing protection placed inside
the ear canal to block out the noise
Hearing Protection
Earmuffs
Hearing protector composed of a
headband with two cushioned ear
cups covering the ears and blcking
the noise.
Noise Reduction Rating (NRR)
A rating system developed to estimate
the noise reduction capacity or
hearing protection devices.

Approx. Noise Protective Level

(ANPL) Formula
Earmuffs:
Noise level – [ (NRR-7) x o.75]
Earplugs:
Noise level – [ (NRR-7) x 0.5]
Head Protection
To protect the head against :
Impact
Penetration
Absorb shock
Electrical
Head Protection
Hard Hat
Bump Cap
Eyes and Face Protection

Protect the eyes and Face against:

Flying Particles
Sparks
Light Radiations
Splashes
Gases
Eyes and Face Protection
Safety Glasses/Spectacles
Safety Goggles
Face Shield
Hand and Arm Protection

Protect the arms and hands against:

Pinch points
Hot spots
Extreme abrasion
Sharp objects
Electrical
Hand and Arm Protection

Gloves
Hand pads
Sleeves
Barrier cream
Foot and Leg Protection

Protect the legs and feet against:

Falling or rolling objects
Sharp objects
Hot surfaces
Wet and slippery surfaces
Foot and Leg Protection
Foot guard
Safety shoes/boots
Leggings
Fall Protection

Protect the worker from fall accident

Safety belts

Safety Body Harness

Torso Protection

To protect the workers against:

Heat
Splashes from hot metals
Impacts
Cuts
Chemicals
Radiations
Torso Protection

Vest
Jacket
Aprons
Coverall
Full-body suits
Occupational Safety and
Health Standards
 Rule 1080: General Provisions
 Every Employer
 Shall at his own expense furnish his workers
with protective equipment for the eyes, face,
hands and feet, protective shields and
barriers whenever necessary by reason of
the hazardous nature of the process or
environment, chemical or radiological or other
mechanical irritants or hazards capable of
causing injury or impairment in the function of
any part of the body through absorption,
inhalation or physical contact.
Occupational Safety and
Health Standards
1081.02
All protective equipment shall be of approved
design and construction appropriate for the
exposure and the work to be performed.
1081.03
The employer shall be responsible for the
adequacy and proper maintenance of personal
protective equipment used in his workplace.
1081.04
No person shall be subjected or exposed to
hazardous environmental condition without
protection
Summary

For any PPE to be effective:

Selected based on the use
Employees trained on its use
Tested
Maintained
Used and worn
Job Hazard Analysis

Engr. Eduardo E. Dela Cruz

Accredited OSH Consultant
Job Hazard Analysis (JHA)

An effective method of reviewing the

individual steps in performing a job
and identifying both unsafe acts and
unsafe conditions in order to develop
solutions to eliminate or control the
hazard.
Purpose of JHA

Integrate safety and health aspects

into a particular operation.

Identify potential hazards

Develop safe job procedures

Benefits from JHA

Identify previously undetected

hazards.
Increase the job knowledge.
Raise safety and health awareness
Improve communication between
workers and supervisors.
Establish safe work procedures.
Benefits from JHA

Teaching aid for initial job training

Briefing/guide for infrequent jobs.
Standard for health and safety
inspections
Comprehensive accident
investigations.
Limits of JHA

 Applicability
 Specific work assignment (such as "operating
a grinder," "using a pressurized water
extinguisher," or “waxing the floor.”)
 Non-applicability
 Jobs defined too broadly, "overhauling an
engine."
 Jobs defined too narrowly, "positioning the
broom."
Four Basic Steps of JHA

Select the job

Break the job into sequence of steps
Identify potential hazards
Develop solutions
Selecting the Job

Jobs with most accidents

Jobs with fewer accidents
New jobs that are being created
Jobs being changed
Jobs that are already analyzed but are
still causing accident.
Breaking into Basic Steps

 Discuss with the employee the sequence of

job steps
 Observe the job if the steps are accurate.
 List each step in the order of occurrence
 Not too general ( miss steps and hazards)
 Not too detailed (many steps)
 Jobs can be described in less than ten steps.
 Discuss with the employee any discrepancy
of the during observation
 Iron out differences to come-up with the
final sequence of job steps
Who Conducts the
Observation?
The immediate supervisor
Thorough analysis by having another
person
Member of the joint occupational
health and safety committee.
The worker should be experienced
and capable in all parts of the job.
Observation of the Job

Watch the worker do the job.

Full cooperation and participation
Clearly explain the reason for the
exercise.
The job, not the individual, is being
studied
Not a time and motion study in disguise
Not an attempt to uncover individual
unsafe acts.
Observation of the Job

Only regular tools and equipment

should be used.
The only difference from normal
operations is the fact that the worker
is being observed.
Breakdown of steps are discussed by
all the participants (including the
worker
 Identify potential hazards
TYPICAL QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER

PHYSICAL ACTIONS MATERIALS EQUIPMENT CONDITIONS

Excessive force required? Toxic Unguarded moving Adequate lighting?

parts?

Awkward or unstable position? Flammable or Controls positioned Temperature

combustible? appropriately? extremes?

Repititive motion? Heavy? Interlocks required? Excessive Noise

Simultaneous actions Difficult to Emergency stop Ventilation required?

required? move? switches accessible?

Lifting, pushing or Does equipment store

pulling involved? energy?

Specific sequence of
action necessary?
Identify potential hazards

Based on observations of the job.

Knowledge of accident and injury
causes.
Personal experience,
List the things that could go wrong at
each step.
Second required observation to focus
on potential hazards.
Sample questions to
identify hazards
 Can any body part get caught in or between
objects?
 Do tools, machines, or equipment present any
hazards?
 Can the worker make harmful contact with
objects?
 Can the worker slip, trip, or fall?
 Can the worker suffer strain from lifting,
pushing, or pulling?
 Is the worker exposed to extreme heat or cold?
 Is excessive noise or vibration a problem?
Sample questions to
identify hazards
 Is there a danger from falling objects?
 Is lighting a problem?
 Can weather conditions affect safety?
 Is harmful radiation a possibility?
 Can contact be made with hot, toxic, or
caustic substances?
 Are there dusts, fumes, mists, or vapours
in the air?
Develop Solutions

 Eliminate the hazard

Choose a different process
Modify an existing process
Substitute with less hazardous
substance
Improve environment (ventilation)
Modify or change equipment or
tools
Develop Solutions

Contain the hazard

Hazard cannot be eliminated
Prevent contact
enclosures
machine guards
worker booths or similar
devices.
 Develop Solutions

Revise work procedures

Consideration might be given to
modifying steps which are
hazardous,
Change the sequence of steps
Adding additional steps (such as
locking out energy sources).
Develop Solutions

 Reduce the exposure

Least effective measure
No other solutions are possible
Reduce the number of times the
hazard is encountered.
Use of appropriate personal
protective equipment
Reduce the severity of an accident
 JOB OR OPERATION TITLE: DEPARTMENT/ DIVISION: JOB LOCATION: DATE PERFORMED:
JOB HAZARD
ANALYSIS PERFORMED BY: VERIFIED BY: TITLE OF EMPLOYEE DOING JOB:

NEW PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT REQUIRED AND/OR RECOMMENDED:

REVISED
SEQUENCE OF BASIC JOB STEPS EXISTING AND POTENTIAL HAZARDS RECOMMENDED CORRECTIVE MEASURES
Information Dissemination

The result must be communicated to

all workers.
The side-by-side format is not an ideal
one for instructional purposes.
Better results using a narrative-style
format
Waxing a Floor

 Step 1 Select work area.

 Step 2 Transport equipment and supplies to
work area.
 Step 3 Clear work area.
 Step 4 Prepare work surface. Remove old
wax.
 Step 5 Apply wax.
 Step 6 Polish Wax…
 Step 7 Return equipment and supplies
Waxing a Floor

 Remove supplies from storage area.

 Load supplies on cart.

 Push cart to selected area.

 Unload supplies.
 Pile supplies in orderly arrangement.
 Determine which area to wax first.
Waxing a Floor

Select the work area.

Remove old wax.
Apply wax.
Return equipment and supplies.
Exercise: Usapang Safety
 As occupational health physicians, how do you…
1. ”talk” OSH with your colleagues?
2. encourage workers to talk about OSH?

 Share your thoughts!

Safety Communication

Engr. Eduardo E. Dela Cruz

Accredited OSH Consultant
Training of Trainers (2 hours)

Outline as per DO 198 s2018

• Role of OSH Trainers

• Basic Skills of Trainers
• Presentation Materials and Delivery Techniques
• Overview of OSH Module for Presentation
• Practicum
Everybody has the right to
a SAFE and HEALTHY
workplace.

OSH is everybody’s
responsibility!
 As Occupational Health
Physicians,

• You are part of the OSH Committee

• You work with the OSH Committee in
implementing OSH in the workplace

• ------- how do you communicate issues and

concerns to them?
Explaining the communication model

Communication Model poster by The Forensic Files

https://speechgeekmarket.com/products/communication-model-poster
Communication problem 1:
MISCOMMUNICATION

From: http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_Gr-ixSdTSUw/S_X_5DVwF-
I/AAAAAAAAAg0/g0i99DiddjI/s1600/miscommunication.jpg
Communication problem 2:
FAKE NEWS

From: http://www.novinite.com/media/images/2018-
01/photo_verybig_186659.jpg
Communication problem 3:
Chismis 

From: http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Tx-zYVd-
Ick/UGlhR__F3yI/AAAAAAAAEYQ/HVVaHmAIjfY/s1600/Ang+chismis.jpg
 OH OSH Employers
Safety
Physician (Safety, Health) Officer
Employees

OSH Program
Implementation

Communication Model poster by The Forensic Files

https://speechgeekmarket.com/products/communication-model-poster
 Communicating OSH
OH
physician

Clients DOLE &

& Stake- other
holders government
agencies

OSH Program
Implementation

From: OSHC Communicating OSH presentation

There are different strategies in
communicating safety to:

EMPLOYERS

EMPLOYEES

SAFETY OFFICERS
Communicating Safety to
EMPLOYERS
Communicating Safety to
Employers

1. Link OSH with productivity

2. OSH cuts costs with proper implementation –
OSH saves lives
3. Explain the compliance requirements and what is
the status of company’s compliance
4. Summarize key points of “Need to know” and
what can be done
5. Always go back to the most cost - efficient,
effective way to implement OSH
Communicating Safety to
EMPLOYEES
Communicating Safety to
Employees

1. Do not dictate, but let them participate!

2. Encourage positive behavior change –
NO worker would want to get hurt
3. Link OSH beyond productivity, link OSH to their
families, to their loved ones
4. Explain to employees that safety and health is also
their contribution to the success of the company
5. Give rewards and recognitions
Communicating Safety to Safety
Officers

1. Partnership and trust to implement and

communicate OSH properly
2. Programs should not compete, but complement
3. The safety and health of each other is the success
of the company
Exercise: Usapang Pandemic

 Who will volunteer to share?

How did you communicate
Covid 19 prevention and control in
the workplace to:

EMPLOYERS

EMPLOYEES

SAFETY OFFICERS
What should be communicated?
• Relevant issuances
• OSH, OH programs
• Company policies, Rights of workers
• Control measures, new SOPs, operations,
production processes
• Risk assessment, OSH audits
• WEM results, accident investigation reports
• Biological monitoring, medical surveillance
• Actions taken (ex. results of AMR..)
How do you communicate safety?
 Communicate in the language they understand!

• Conduct orientations, webinars

• Present in OSH committee meetings, toolbox
meetings
• Develop visuals, OSH bulletin boards, posters,
IEC materials
• Utilize email brigades, huddles, townhall meetings
• Specific OSH learning sessions, re-orientation
How will efficient OSH communication help in
achieving a safe and healthy workplace?
Proper Safety Communication

Safety mindset
Safety behaviour
high productivity

• OSH awareness
• Motivated workers
•OSH programs are understood
• Everyone doing his/her •OSH is implemented properly
part
Workers’ OSH Seminar
Workers’ OSH Seminar
Sec. 3. Definition of Terms (cc) DO 198 s.2018

…the mandatory 8-hour module

conducted by the safety officer of the
workplace as prescribed by the
OSH Standards

What is your part in the conduct of

workers OSH seminar?
Safety Meetings / Briefings

Daily safety briefings by supervisors to all

workers that help foster good safety and
health culture.

Useful way to keep health and safety

forefront in the minds of workers and make
them aware of the current risk and
hazards.
From: Leadership and Worker Involvement Toolkit – Health and Safety Executive (UK)
Tips for Effective Safety Talks

 Talk directly to your audience. (Relevance)

 Keep it brief. (Time well spent)
 Stay positive! (Proactively encourage safe behavior)
 Demonstrate your point. (Interactive discussion)
 Tell a story, not a statistic. (demystify OSH – OSH is everybody’s
concern)

From: https://safestart.com/news/5-tips-effective-toolbox-talk/
Safety and Health Promotion, training and
education provided to workers
Name of OSH Training/Orientation Number of Employees in Date
attendance

Conduct of Risk Assessment Date

(may include WEM)

…Draft an OSH Training Plan together with

the OSH Committee
Conduct of Safety Meetings / Tool Box
Meetings
Conduct of Safety Meetings / Tool Box Date
Meetings

…include plans for specific topics during

safety meetings
Remember…
Communicating Safety needs practice.
Communicating Safety needs clarity – make your
points clear and concise.
Communicating OSH needs open lines of
communication.
 Communicating OSH
OH
physician

Clients DOLE &

& Stake- other
holders government
agencies

OSH Program
Implementation

From: OSHC Communicating OSH presentation

 OH OSH Employers
Safety
Physician (Safety, Health) Officer
Employees

OSH Program
Implementation

Communication Model poster by The Forensic Files

https://speechgeekmarket.com/products/communication-model-poster
• As occupational health physicians, ensure that you
also communicate well with all levels of the
organization and all stakeholders (employers,
workers, subcontractors, service providers, clients).

• Good communication is key to an effective

implementation of a company’s OSH program.

• Conduct of OSH trainings, facilitation of

meetings, interviewing workers are
among your tasks as OH physicians.
 Pass the
OSH message!
ayOSH!

Maraming Salamat po 
Accident Investigation

Engr. Eduardo E. Dela Cruz

Accredited OSH Consultant
Accident Investigation

A methodological effort to collect and

interpret the facts of accident

An inquiry as to how and why the

accident occurred in order to explore
actions that should be taken to
prevent or minimize recurrence of the
accident
 WORK SYSTEM
People

Environment Equipment

Materials
Principle of Accident
Investigation

The investigation of any accident

event will never progress unless
that event is first properly reported
to the appropriate management
element within an organization
Principle Of Accident
Investigation
A Formal Policy requiring the
proper and consistent reporting of all
accidents is one of the most
important principles of any accident
investigation program.
Purpose Of Accident
Investigation
To establish all facts
To draw conclusion
To make recommendations
To prevent recurrence
Types Of Accident To Be
Reported
Fatal accidents
Accident causing injury or illness
Diseases
Dangerous occurrences
Near miss
Reasons Why Accidents Are
Not Reported
 Natural fear may people have of being
associated with an accident event.
Idea of investigating a situation that
has resulted in some degree of loss
reflect unfavorably on their own
performance or that of their
department.
Simply do not wish to interrupt work
production
Supervisor’s Responsibility

More familiar with the people involved

Have a better understanding of the
operation
Have a personal stake in accident
investigation
Employees may be willing to speak
more freely
Size Of Investigating Team

The extent of injury

The potential for injury or damage
The potential of repetitions
The department involved
Requirement for specialized
knowledge
Legal requirement
Methods Of Accident
Investigation
Managing the accident scene
Collect the facts
Identifying the witness
Eye witness
Ear witness
Interview process
Document the accident investigation
Managing The Accident Scene

Treat the injured

Control remaining hazards
Isolate the site to protect people
Preserve the evidence
Sources Of Information

Time and location

Environment
Physical evidence
Witnesses
Existing record
Keeping Of Records
 The record shall contain the following minimum
data:
 Date of accident or illness
 Name of injured or ill employee, sex and age
 Occupation of injured or ill employee at the time
of accident or illness
 Assigned causes of accident or illness
 Extent and nature of disability
 Period of disability
 Whether accident involved to materials,
equipment or machinery, kind and extent of
damage, including estimated or actual cost
 Record of initial and/or report to the Regional
Labor Office or authorized representative
Conducting An Accident
Investigation
Must answer the following questions
WHO was injured?
WHAT happened?
WHERE did accident occur?
WHEN did the accident occur?
WHY did the accident occur?
HOW can similar accident be
prevented?
Physical Evidence
Sketches
can provide a valuable references
after conditions have been returned
to normal
include anything that could possibly
be important
reference points show the position
of objects
Photographs
taken when details, color or shape
are important
take pictures of anything that could
possibly be important
Finding The Witness
Essential for individual to arrive at the
scene PROMPTLY
Question supervisor to identify
employees present at the accident
Workers in adjacent areas may have
information, sight, sound, weather
condition, lightings, noise and other
factors related to accident.
Limit contact between witness
Assure the witness will have the
opportunity to tell the whole story
The Interview Process
Get written statement
Reassure the witness
Let the witness tell the story
Begin with open-ended question
Don’t ask leading question
Summarize
Ask for recommendation
Close on a positive note
Documenting Accident
Investigation
Report form should include the
following:
General information -- basic facts
about the accident, 5W and 1H
Summary -- a basic description of
what happened
Analysis -- a description of what
caused the accident and why it
happened
Recommendation -- suggestion for
eliminating or controlling the
recurrences
Accident Investigation
Report
Introduction

Purpose of Investigation
Scope of Investigation
Methodology

Technique and Methods Used

Sources of Expertise
Summary Of Accident

Brief Description of Accident Event

Statement of Losses and Injuries
Incurred
Investigating Team Members

Listing of Team Members

Selection Criteria
Detailed Narrative Of
Accident
Explanation of All Known Facts
Description of Three Phases of
Accident
Pre-contact
Contact
Post-contact
Findings And
Recommendations
Findings
Determination of Causes
Primary causes
Secondary causes
Contributory causes
Recommendations
Solutions
Corrective action plans
Appendices

Accident Investigation Form

Schedule of Investigation Activities
Investigation Analysis
Photographic Evidence
Collection of Witness Statements
Maps, Sketches, Drawings
Miscellaneous Information
OSH STANDARDS
Rule 1020 - Registration of Establishments

• Every employer shall register his/her business with the

Regional Labor Office to provide the DOLE with
information as guide in its enforcement activities.
• Free of charge
• Valid for lifetime, except when there is change in name,
location, ownership; opening after previous closing
 Requirements : IP Form 3
Rule 1020 - Registration of Establishments
IP Form 3
OSH STANDARDS
Rule 1040 – Health and Safety Committee

The Health and Safety Committee (OSH Committee) is a

group of employees and management personnel which
plans and develops policies in all matters pertaining to
safety and health in the workplace
Rule 1040 – Health and Safety Committee

REPORT/
OSH RULE Where to File When to File
FORM

Rule 1040 Report of Safety 2 copies, to be - Within one (1)

Health and Organization - submitted to month after the
Safety DOLE/BWC/IP-5) concerned RO copy organization
Committee furnished the BWC

Minutes of the - Quarterly

Meeting – No
form needed
Report of Safety Organization
DOLE/BWC/IP-5
Rule 1050 – Notification & Keeping of Accident
and/or Occupational Illnesses

OSH RULE REPORT/FORM Where to

When to Report
Report

Rule 1050 Work Accident/Illness On or before the 2 copies, to

Notification Report (WAIR) - 20th day of the be submitted
and Keeping of DOLE/BWC/IP-6) month following the to concerned
Accidents WAIR date of occurrence RO copy
and/or of the accident furnished the
Occupational Bureau
Annual Exposure -On or before Jan. 20
Illnesses
Data Report (AEDR) - of the following year
(DOLE/BWC/IP-6b)
Fatal/major accident Within 24 hours
(DOLE/BWC/IP-6) (DOLE/BWC/IP-6b)
 Rule 1960: Occupational Health
Services

OSH RULE REPORT/FORM Where to

When to Report
Report

Rule 1960 Annual Medical Report 2 copies submitted to On or before

Occupational – (AMR) DOLE/BW/OH- concerned RO copy the last day of
Health Services 47A furnished the Bureau March of the
year following
the covered
period
Annual Medical Report Form(AMR) DOLE/BWC/OHSD/OH-47A
Summary of OSH Administrative
Rules
N otification and Keeping of Records of Accidents
and/or Occupational Illnesses (Rule 1050)

O ccupational Health Services (Rule 1960)

R egistration of business (Rule 1020)

T raining and Accreditation of Personnel in OSH

(Rule 1030)

H ealth & Safety Committee (Rule 1040)

Exercise: Usapang Safety
 As occupational health physicians, how do you…
1. contribute to the “control of hazards in the
workplace”?
2. Encourage the management to support control
measures that you proposed?

 Share your thoughts!

Organization and
Administration of Safety
and Health Program
Engr. Eduardo E. Dela Cruz
Accredited OSH Consultant
Session Objective:
At the end of the session, the participants will be able to:

• Identify the elements of the DOLE prescribed OSH program;

and
• Explain the roles, commitment and participation of various
levels of the organization in implementing the OSH program.

Department of Labor and Employment

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CENTER
 A safety and health program is a systematic
plan to IDENTIFY and CONTROL hazards and
respond to EMERGENCIES.
Safety
Program

It lays out RESPONSIBILITIES, RESOURCES, and

PROCEDURES for keeping the workplace safety and
healthy.
Role of Management in OSH Programming

Effective safety program can be

achieved basically through
control of people’s actions. Only
top management has the
authority to implement such
controls.

Department of Labor and Employment

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CENTER
 MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT S & H Policy
S & H Program
ORGANIZATION S & H Committee

HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
Accident Report / Medical Records / Safety Inspection / MSDS / JHA/WEM/HIRAC
HAZARD CONTROL
Unsafe Condition Unsafe Acts
Engineering Control Administrative Controls
• Machine Safeguards Education Visual Awareness
• Substitution • Safety Orientation • Posters
• Isolation • Job Instruction • Signs
• Ventilation • Bulletin Board
Administrative Control Short Meetings
• Good Housekeeping (5S) • Toolbox Meeting Motivation
• Preventive Maintenance Positive Reinforcement
• Job Rotation • Awards Recognition
PPE Negative Reinforcement
• Discipline

MONITORING
Safety Inspection / Accident Investigation
EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS
Fire / Chemical Spill / Typhoon / Flood, etc.
PROGRAM EVALUATION
Review and Adjust
Monitor performance:
• Compare current performance with previous
performance (benchmark)
• Compare current performance with targets
Make necessary changes to improve the safety
program
• Continue successes
• Change failures.

Department of Labor and Employment

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CENTER
DOLE-prescribed OSH
Program template
Company
Profile
Basic
Components
of Company
OSH Program
and Policy
Company
Commitment
Conduct of Risk
Assessment
 RISK ANALYSIS

** Non-conformance to OSH Standards/Laws are considered

Intolerable Risks
Hierarchy Of Control Measure
ENGINEERING CONTROL
(equipment, materials, environment)
Elimination
Substitution
Isolation

ADMINISTRATIVE
CONTROL
(procedures, exposure)

PPE
(last line of
defense)
Medical
Surveillance
-
Health
Programs
OSH Committee
Safety Officer(s)
Emergency OH
Personnel and
Facilities
-
Safety and
Health
Promotion
Conduct of Tool
Box Meetings /
Safety Meetings
-
Accident /
Incident / Injury /
Investigation
PPE Provision &
Use
-
Safety Signage
-
Dust Control &
Mgt.
-
Workers Facilities
Emergency & Disaster
Preparedness
-
Solid Waste Mgt.
-
Reportorial Govt.
Requirements
-
Control & Mgt. of
Hazards
-
Prohibited Acts and
Penalties/Sanctions
for OSH Violations
OSH Program
Cost of
Implementation
Workplace
Policy and
Program
Company
Commitment
Key Learning Points
Let’s emphasize these:
• OSH program must be tailor fitted to the
need/situationer of the company
• OSH program must be written, approved, signed
by employers, information is disseminated to all
members of the agency
• Periodically evaluated, copy of updated OSH
program submitted to DOLE.
• Resources should be allotted for the
implementation of the agency’s OSH program.
• OSH program is a product of teamwork.

Department of Labor and Employment

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CENTER
 ayOSH!
Maraming Salamat po 

Department of Labor and Employment

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CENTER
Accident Investigation

Engr. Eduardo E. Dela Cruz

Accredited OSH Consultant
Accident Investigation

A methodological effort to collect and

interpret the facts of accident

An inquiry as to how and why the

accident occurred in order to explore
actions that should be taken to
prevent or minimize recurrence of the
accident
 WORK SYSTEM
People

Environment Equipment

Materials
Principle of Accident
Investigation

The investigation of any accident

event will never progress unless
that event is first properly reported
to the appropriate management
element within an organization
Principle Of Accident
Investigation
A Formal Policy requiring the
proper and consistent reporting of all
accidents is one of the most
important principles of any accident
investigation program.
Purpose Of Accident
Investigation
To establish all facts
To draw conclusion
To make recommendations
To prevent recurrence
Types Of Accident To Be
Reported
Fatal accidents
Accident causing injury or illness
Diseases
Dangerous occurrences
Near miss
Reasons Why Accidents Are
Not Reported
 Natural fear may people have of being
associated with an accident event.
Idea of investigating a situation that
has resulted in some degree of loss
reflect unfavorably on their own
performance or that of their
department.
Simply do not wish to interrupt work
production
Supervisor’s Responsibility

More familiar with the people involved

Have a better understanding of the
operation
Have a personal stake in accident
investigation
Employees may be willing to speak
more freely
Size Of Investigating Team

The extent of injury

The potential for injury or damage
The potential of repetitions
The department involved
Requirement for specialized
knowledge
Legal requirement
Methods Of Accident
Investigation
Managing the accident scene
Collect the facts
Identifying the witness
Eye witness
Ear witness
Interview process
Document the accident investigation
Managing The Accident Scene

Treat the injured

Control remaining hazards
Isolate the site to protect people
Preserve the evidence
Sources Of Information

Time and location

Environment
Physical evidence
Witnesses
Existing record
Keeping Of Records
 The record shall contain the following minimum
data:
 Date of accident or illness
 Name of injured or ill employee, sex and age
 Occupation of injured or ill employee at the time
of accident or illness
 Assigned causes of accident or illness
 Extent and nature of disability
 Period of disability
 Whether accident involved to materials,
equipment or machinery, kind and extent of
damage, including estimated or actual cost
 Record of initial and/or report to the Regional
Labor Office or authorized representative
Conducting An Accident
Investigation
Must answer the following questions
WHO was injured?
WHAT happened?
WHERE did accident occur?
WHEN did the accident occur?
WHY did the accident occur?
HOW can similar accident be
prevented?
Physical Evidence
Sketches
can provide a valuable references
after conditions have been returned
to normal
include anything that could possibly
be important
reference points show the position
of objects
Photographs
taken when details, color or shape
are important
take pictures of anything that could
possibly be important
Finding The Witness
Essential for individual to arrive at the
scene PROMPTLY
Question supervisor to identify
employees present at the accident
Workers in adjacent areas may have
information, sight, sound, weather
condition, lightings, noise and other
factors related to accident.
Limit contact between witness
Assure the witness will have the
opportunity to tell the whole story
The Interview Process
Get written statement
Reassure the witness
Let the witness tell the story
Begin with open-ended question
Don’t ask leading question
Summarize
Ask for recommendation
Close on a positive note
Documenting Accident
Investigation
Report form should include the
following:
General information -- basic facts
about the accident, 5W and 1H
Summary -- a basic description of
what happened
Analysis -- a description of what
caused the accident and why it
happened
Recommendation -- suggestion for
eliminating or controlling the
recurrences
Accident Investigation
Report
Introduction

Purpose of Investigation
Scope of Investigation
Methodology

Technique and Methods Used

Sources of Expertise
Summary Of Accident

Brief Description of Accident Event

Statement of Losses and Injuries
Incurred
Investigating Team Members

Listing of Team Members

Selection Criteria
Detailed Narrative Of
Accident
Explanation of All Known Facts
Description of Three Phases of
Accident
Pre-contact
Contact
Post-contact
Findings And
Recommendations
Findings
Determination of Causes
Primary causes
Secondary causes
Contributory causes
Recommendations
Solutions
Corrective action plans
Appendices

Accident Investigation Form

Schedule of Investigation Activities
Investigation Analysis
Photographic Evidence
Collection of Witness Statements
Maps, Sketches, Drawings
Miscellaneous Information
OSH STANDARDS
Rule 1020 - Registration of Establishments

• Every employer shall register his/her business with the

Regional Labor Office to provide the DOLE with
information as guide in its enforcement activities.
• Free of charge
• Valid for lifetime, except when there is change in name,
location, ownership; opening after previous closing
 Requirements : IP Form 3
Rule 1020 - Registration of Establishments
IP Form 3
OSH STANDARDS
Rule 1040 – Health and Safety Committee

The Health and Safety Committee (OSH Committee) is a

group of employees and management personnel which
plans and develops policies in all matters pertaining to
safety and health in the workplace
Rule 1040 – Health and Safety Committee

REPORT/
OSH RULE Where to File When to File
FORM

Rule 1040 Report of Safety 2 copies, to be - Within one (1)

Health and Organization - submitted to month after the
Safety DOLE/BWC/IP-5) concerned RO copy organization
Committee furnished the BWC

Minutes of the - Quarterly

Meeting – No
form needed
Report of Safety Organization
DOLE/BWC/IP-5
Rule 1050 – Notification & Keeping of Accident
and/or Occupational Illnesses

OSH RULE REPORT/FORM Where to

When to Report
Report

Rule 1050 Work Accident/Illness On or before the 2 copies, to

Notification Report (WAIR) - 20th day of the be submitted
and Keeping of DOLE/BWC/IP-6) month following the to concerned
Accidents WAIR date of occurrence RO copy
and/or of the accident furnished the
Occupational Bureau
Annual Exposure -On or before Jan. 20
Illnesses
Data Report (AEDR) - of the following year
(DOLE/BWC/IP-6b)
Fatal/major accident Within 24 hours
(DOLE/BWC/IP-6) (DOLE/BWC/IP-6b)
 Rule 1960: Occupational Health
Services

OSH RULE REPORT/FORM Where to

When to Report
Report

Rule 1960 Annual Medical Report 2 copies submitted to On or before

Occupational – (AMR) DOLE/BW/OH- concerned RO copy the last day of
Health Services 47A furnished the Bureau March of the
year following
the covered
period
Annual Medical Report Form(AMR) DOLE/BWC/OHSD/OH-47A
Summary of OSH Administrative
Rules
N otification and Keeping of Records of Accidents
and/or Occupational Illnesses (Rule 1050)

O ccupational Health Services (Rule 1960)

R egistration of business (Rule 1020)

T raining and Accreditation of Personnel in OSH

(Rule 1030)

H ealth & Safety Committee (Rule 1040)

Exercise: Usapang Safety
 As occupational health physicians, how do you…
1. contribute to the “control of hazards in the
workplace”?
2. Encourage the management to support control
measures that you proposed?

 Share your thoughts!

Job Hazard Analysis

Engr. Eduardo E. Dela Cruz

Accredited OSH Consultant
Job Hazard Analysis (JHA)

An effective method of reviewing the

individual steps in performing a job
and identifying both unsafe acts and
unsafe conditions in order to develop
solutions to eliminate or control the
hazard.
Purpose of JHA

Integrate safety and health aspects

into a particular operation.

Identify potential hazards

Develop safe job procedures

Benefits from JHA

Identify previously undetected

hazards.
Increase the job knowledge.
Raise safety and health awareness
Improve communication between
workers and supervisors.
Establish safe work procedures.
Benefits from JHA

Teaching aid for initial job training

Briefing/guide for infrequent jobs.
Standard for health and safety
inspections
Comprehensive accident
investigations.
Limits of JHA

 Applicability
 Specific work assignment (such as "operating
a grinder," "using a pressurized water
extinguisher," or “waxing the floor.”)
 Non-applicability
 Jobs defined too broadly, "overhauling an
engine."
 Jobs defined too narrowly, "positioning the
broom."
Four Basic Steps of JHA

Select the job

Break the job into sequence of steps
Identify potential hazards
Develop solutions
Selecting the Job

Jobs with most accidents

Jobs with fewer accidents
New jobs that are being created
Jobs being changed
Jobs that are already analyzed but are
still causing accident.
Breaking into Basic Steps

 Discuss with the employee the sequence of

job steps
 Observe the job if the steps are accurate.
 List each step in the order of occurrence
 Not too general ( miss steps and hazards)
 Not too detailed (many steps)
 Jobs can be described in less than ten steps.
 Discuss with the employee any discrepancy
of the during observation
 Iron out differences to come-up with the
final sequence of job steps
Who Conducts the
Observation?
The immediate supervisor
Thorough analysis by having another
person
Member of the joint occupational
health and safety committee.
The worker should be experienced
and capable in all parts of the job.
Observation of the Job

Watch the worker do the job.

Full cooperation and participation
Clearly explain the reason for the
exercise.
The job, not the individual, is being
studied
Not a time and motion study in disguise
Not an attempt to uncover individual
unsafe acts.
Observation of the Job

Only regular tools and equipment

should be used.
The only difference from normal
operations is the fact that the worker
is being observed.
Breakdown of steps are discussed by
all the participants (including the
worker
 Identify potential hazards
TYPICAL QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER

PHYSICAL ACTIONS MATERIALS EQUIPMENT CONDITIONS

Excessive force required? Toxic Unguarded moving Adequate lighting?

parts?

Awkward or unstable position? Flammable or Controls positioned Temperature

combustible? appropriately? extremes?

Repititive motion? Heavy? Interlocks required? Excessive Noise

Simultaneous actions Difficult to Emergency stop Ventilation required?

required? move? switches accessible?

Lifting, pushing or Does equipment store

pulling involved? energy?

Specific sequence of
action necessary?
Identify potential hazards

Based on observations of the job.

Knowledge of accident and injury
causes.
Personal experience,
List the things that could go wrong at
each step.
Second required observation to focus
on potential hazards.
Sample questions to
identify hazards
 Can any body part get caught in or between
objects?
 Do tools, machines, or equipment present any
hazards?
 Can the worker make harmful contact with
objects?
 Can the worker slip, trip, or fall?
 Can the worker suffer strain from lifting,
pushing, or pulling?
 Is the worker exposed to extreme heat or cold?
 Is excessive noise or vibration a problem?
Sample questions to
identify hazards
 Is there a danger from falling objects?
 Is lighting a problem?
 Can weather conditions affect safety?
 Is harmful radiation a possibility?
 Can contact be made with hot, toxic, or
caustic substances?
 Are there dusts, fumes, mists, or vapours
in the air?
Develop Solutions

 Eliminate the hazard

Choose a different process
Modify an existing process
Substitute with less hazardous
substance
Improve environment (ventilation)
Modify or change equipment or
tools
Develop Solutions

Contain the hazard

Hazard cannot be eliminated
Prevent contact
enclosures
machine guards
worker booths or similar
devices.
 Develop Solutions

Revise work procedures

Consideration might be given to
modifying steps which are
hazardous,
Change the sequence of steps
Adding additional steps (such as
locking out energy sources).
Develop Solutions

 Reduce the exposure

Least effective measure
No other solutions are possible
Reduce the number of times the
hazard is encountered.
Use of appropriate personal
protective equipment
Reduce the severity of an accident
 JOB OR OPERATION TITLE: DEPARTMENT/ DIVISION: JOB LOCATION: DATE PERFORMED:
JOB HAZARD
ANALYSIS PERFORMED BY: VERIFIED BY: TITLE OF EMPLOYEE DOING JOB:

NEW PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT REQUIRED AND/OR RECOMMENDED:

REVISED
SEQUENCE OF BASIC JOB STEPS EXISTING AND POTENTIAL HAZARDS RECOMMENDED CORRECTIVE MEASURES
Information Dissemination

The result must be communicated to

all workers.
The side-by-side format is not an ideal
one for instructional purposes.
Better results using a narrative-style
format
Waxing a Floor

 Step 1 Select work area.

 Step 2 Transport equipment and supplies to
work area.
 Step 3 Clear work area.
 Step 4 Prepare work surface. Remove old
wax.
 Step 5 Apply wax.
 Step 6 Polish Wax…
 Step 7 Return equipment and supplies
Waxing a Floor

 Remove supplies from storage area.

 Load supplies on cart.

 Push cart to selected area.

 Unload supplies.
 Pile supplies in orderly arrangement.
 Determine which area to wax first.
Waxing a Floor

Select the work area.

Remove old wax.
Apply wax.
Return equipment and supplies.
Exercise: Usapang Safety
 As occupational health physicians, how do you…
1. ”talk” OSH with your colleagues?
2. encourage workers to talk about OSH?

 Share your thoughts!

Safety Communication

Engr. Eduardo E. Dela Cruz

Accredited OSH Consultant
Training of Trainers (2 hours)

Outline as per DO 198 s2018

• Role of OSH Trainers

• Basic Skills of Trainers
• Presentation Materials and Delivery Techniques
• Overview of OSH Module for Presentation
• Practicum
Everybody has the right to
a SAFE and HEALTHY
workplace.

OSH is everybody’s
responsibility!
 As Occupational Health
Physicians,

• You are part of the OSH Committee

• You work with the OSH Committee in
implementing OSH in the workplace

• ------- how do you communicate issues and

concerns to them?
Explaining the communication model

Communication Model poster by The Forensic Files

https://speechgeekmarket.com/products/communication-model-poster
Communication problem 1:
MISCOMMUNICATION

From: http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_Gr-ixSdTSUw/S_X_5DVwF-
I/AAAAAAAAAg0/g0i99DiddjI/s1600/miscommunication.jpg
Communication problem 2:
FAKE NEWS

From: http://www.novinite.com/media/images/2018-
01/photo_verybig_186659.jpg
Communication problem 3:
Chismis 

From: http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Tx-zYVd-
Ick/UGlhR__F3yI/AAAAAAAAEYQ/HVVaHmAIjfY/s1600/Ang+chismis.jpg
 OH OSH Employers
Safety
Physician (Safety, Health) Officer
Employees

OSH Program
Implementation

Communication Model poster by The Forensic Files

https://speechgeekmarket.com/products/communication-model-poster
 Communicating OSH
OH
physician

Clients DOLE &

& Stake- other
holders government
agencies

OSH Program
Implementation

From: OSHC Communicating OSH presentation

There are different strategies in
communicating safety to:

EMPLOYERS

EMPLOYEES

SAFETY OFFICERS
Communicating Safety to
EMPLOYERS
Communicating Safety to
Employers

1. Link OSH with productivity

2. OSH cuts costs with proper implementation –
OSH saves lives
3. Explain the compliance requirements and what is
the status of company’s compliance
4. Summarize key points of “Need to know” and
what can be done
5. Always go back to the most cost - efficient,
effective way to implement OSH
Communicating Safety to
EMPLOYEES
Communicating Safety to
Employees

1. Do not dictate, but let them participate!

2. Encourage positive behavior change –
NO worker would want to get hurt
3. Link OSH beyond productivity, link OSH to their
families, to their loved ones
4. Explain to employees that safety and health is also
their contribution to the success of the company
5. Give rewards and recognitions
Communicating Safety to Safety
Officers

1. Partnership and trust to implement and

communicate OSH properly
2. Programs should not compete, but complement
3. The safety and health of each other is the success
of the company
Exercise: Usapang Pandemic

 Who will volunteer to share?

How did you communicate
Covid 19 prevention and control in
the workplace to:

EMPLOYERS

EMPLOYEES

SAFETY OFFICERS
What should be communicated?
• Relevant issuances
• OSH, OH programs
• Company policies, Rights of workers
• Control measures, new SOPs, operations,
production processes
• Risk assessment, OSH audits
• WEM results, accident investigation reports
• Biological monitoring, medical surveillance
• Actions taken (ex. results of AMR..)
How do you communicate safety?
 Communicate in the language they understand!

• Conduct orientations, webinars

• Present in OSH committee meetings, toolbox
meetings
• Develop visuals, OSH bulletin boards, posters,
IEC materials
• Utilize email brigades, huddles, townhall meetings
• Specific OSH learning sessions, re-orientation
How will efficient OSH communication help in
achieving a safe and healthy workplace?
Proper Safety Communication

Safety mindset
Safety behaviour
high productivity

• OSH awareness
• Motivated workers
•OSH programs are understood
• Everyone doing his/her •OSH is implemented properly
part
Workers’ OSH Seminar
Workers’ OSH Seminar
Sec. 3. Definition of Terms (cc) DO 198 s.2018

…the mandatory 8-hour module

conducted by the safety officer of the
workplace as prescribed by the
OSH Standards

What is your part in the conduct of

workers OSH seminar?
Safety Meetings / Briefings

Daily safety briefings by supervisors to all

workers that help foster good safety and
health culture.

Useful way to keep health and safety

forefront in the minds of workers and make
them aware of the current risk and
hazards.
From: Leadership and Worker Involvement Toolkit – Health and Safety Executive (UK)
Tips for Effective Safety Talks

 Talk directly to your audience. (Relevance)

 Keep it brief. (Time well spent)
 Stay positive! (Proactively encourage safe behavior)
 Demonstrate your point. (Interactive discussion)
 Tell a story, not a statistic. (demystify OSH – OSH is everybody’s
concern)

From: https://safestart.com/news/5-tips-effective-toolbox-talk/
Safety and Health Promotion, training and
education provided to workers
Name of OSH Training/Orientation Number of Employees in Date
attendance

Conduct of Risk Assessment Date

(may include WEM)

…Draft an OSH Training Plan together with

the OSH Committee
Conduct of Safety Meetings / Tool Box
Meetings
Conduct of Safety Meetings / Tool Box Date
Meetings

…include plans for specific topics during

safety meetings
Remember…
Communicating Safety needs practice.
Communicating Safety needs clarity – make your
points clear and concise.
Communicating OSH needs open lines of
communication.
 Communicating OSH
OH
physician

Clients DOLE &

& Stake- other
holders government
agencies

OSH Program
Implementation

From: OSHC Communicating OSH presentation

 OH OSH Employers
Safety
Physician (Safety, Health) Officer
Employees

OSH Program
Implementation

Communication Model poster by The Forensic Files

https://speechgeekmarket.com/products/communication-model-poster
• As occupational health physicians, ensure that you
also communicate well with all levels of the
organization and all stakeholders (employers,
workers, subcontractors, service providers, clients).

• Good communication is key to an effective

implementation of a company’s OSH program.

• Conduct of OSH trainings, facilitation of

meetings, interviewing workers are
among your tasks as OH physicians.
 Pass the
OSH message!
ayOSH!

Maraming Salamat po 
Accident Investigation

Engr. Eduardo E. Dela Cruz

Accredited OSH Consultant
Accident Investigation

A methodological effort to collect and

interpret the facts of accident

An inquiry as to how and why the

accident occurred in order to explore
actions that should be taken to
prevent or minimize recurrence of the
accident
 WORK SYSTEM
People

Environment Equipment

Materials
Principle of Accident
Investigation

The investigation of any accident

event will never progress unless
that event is first properly reported
to the appropriate management
element within an organization
Principle Of Accident
Investigation
A Formal Policy requiring the
proper and consistent reporting of all
accidents is one of the most
important principles of any accident
investigation program.
Purpose Of Accident
Investigation
To establish all facts
To draw conclusion
To make recommendations
To prevent recurrence
Types Of Accident To Be
Reported
Fatal accidents
Accident causing injury or illness
Diseases
Dangerous occurrences
Near miss
Reasons Why Accidents Are
Not Reported
 Natural fear may people have of being
associated with an accident event.
Idea of investigating a situation that
has resulted in some degree of loss
reflect unfavorably on their own
performance or that of their
department.
Simply do not wish to interrupt work
production
Supervisor’s Responsibility

More familiar with the people involved

Have a better understanding of the
operation
Have a personal stake in accident
investigation
Employees may be willing to speak
more freely
Size Of Investigating Team

The extent of injury

The potential for injury or damage
The potential of repetitions
The department involved
Requirement for specialized
knowledge
Legal requirement
Methods Of Accident
Investigation
Managing the accident scene
Collect the facts
Identifying the witness
Eye witness
Ear witness
Interview process
Document the accident investigation
Managing The Accident Scene

Treat the injured

Control remaining hazards
Isolate the site to protect people
Preserve the evidence
Sources Of Information

Time and location

Environment
Physical evidence
Witnesses
Existing record
Keeping Of Records
 The record shall contain the following minimum
data:
 Date of accident or illness
 Name of injured or ill employee, sex and age
 Occupation of injured or ill employee at the time
of accident or illness
 Assigned causes of accident or illness
 Extent and nature of disability
 Period of disability
 Whether accident involved to materials,
equipment or machinery, kind and extent of
damage, including estimated or actual cost
 Record of initial and/or report to the Regional
Labor Office or authorized representative
Conducting An Accident
Investigation
Must answer the following questions
WHO was injured?
WHAT happened?
WHERE did accident occur?
WHEN did the accident occur?
WHY did the accident occur?
HOW can similar accident be
prevented?
Physical Evidence
Sketches
can provide a valuable references
after conditions have been returned
to normal
include anything that could possibly
be important
reference points show the position
of objects
Photographs
taken when details, color or shape
are important
take pictures of anything that could
possibly be important
Finding The Witness
Essential for individual to arrive at the
scene PROMPTLY
Question supervisor to identify
employees present at the accident
Workers in adjacent areas may have
information, sight, sound, weather
condition, lightings, noise and other
factors related to accident.
Limit contact between witness
Assure the witness will have the
opportunity to tell the whole story
The Interview Process
Get written statement
Reassure the witness
Let the witness tell the story
Begin with open-ended question
Don’t ask leading question
Summarize
Ask for recommendation
Close on a positive note
Documenting Accident
Investigation
Report form should include the
following:
General information -- basic facts
about the accident, 5W and 1H
Summary -- a basic description of
what happened
Analysis -- a description of what
caused the accident and why it
happened
Recommendation -- suggestion for
eliminating or controlling the
recurrences
Accident Investigation
Report
Introduction

Purpose of Investigation
Scope of Investigation
Methodology

Technique and Methods Used

Sources of Expertise
Summary Of Accident

Brief Description of Accident Event

Statement of Losses and Injuries
Incurred
Investigating Team Members

Listing of Team Members

Selection Criteria
Detailed Narrative Of
Accident
Explanation of All Known Facts
Description of Three Phases of
Accident
Pre-contact
Contact
Post-contact
Findings And
Recommendations
Findings
Determination of Causes
Primary causes
Secondary causes
Contributory causes
Recommendations
Solutions
Corrective action plans
Appendices

Accident Investigation Form

Schedule of Investigation Activities
Investigation Analysis
Photographic Evidence
Collection of Witness Statements
Maps, Sketches, Drawings
Miscellaneous Information
OSH STANDARDS
Rule 1020 - Registration of Establishments

• Every employer shall register his/her business with the

Regional Labor Office to provide the DOLE with
information as guide in its enforcement activities.
• Free of charge
• Valid for lifetime, except when there is change in name,
location, ownership; opening after previous closing
 Requirements : IP Form 3
Rule 1020 - Registration of Establishments
IP Form 3
OSH STANDARDS
Rule 1040 – Health and Safety Committee

The Health and Safety Committee (OSH Committee) is a

group of employees and management personnel which
plans and develops policies in all matters pertaining to
safety and health in the workplace
Rule 1040 – Health and Safety Committee

REPORT/
OSH RULE Where to File When to File
FORM

Rule 1040 Report of Safety 2 copies, to be - Within one (1)

Health and Organization - submitted to month after the
Safety DOLE/BWC/IP-5) concerned RO copy organization
Committee furnished the BWC

Minutes of the - Quarterly

Meeting – No
form needed
Report of Safety Organization
DOLE/BWC/IP-5
Rule 1050 – Notification & Keeping of Accident
and/or Occupational Illnesses

OSH RULE REPORT/FORM Where to

When to Report
Report

Rule 1050 Work Accident/Illness On or before the 2 copies, to

Notification Report (WAIR) - 20th day of the be submitted
and Keeping of DOLE/BWC/IP-6) month following the to concerned
Accidents WAIR date of occurrence RO copy
and/or of the accident furnished the
Occupational Bureau
Annual Exposure -On or before Jan. 20
Illnesses
Data Report (AEDR) - of the following year
(DOLE/BWC/IP-6b)
Fatal/major accident Within 24 hours
(DOLE/BWC/IP-6) (DOLE/BWC/IP-6b)
 Rule 1960: Occupational Health
Services

OSH RULE REPORT/FORM Where to

When to Report
Report

Rule 1960 Annual Medical Report 2 copies submitted to On or before

Occupational – (AMR) DOLE/BW/OH- concerned RO copy the last day of
Health Services 47A furnished the Bureau March of the
year following
the covered
period
Annual Medical Report Form(AMR) DOLE/BWC/OHSD/OH-47A
Summary of OSH Administrative
Rules
N otification and Keeping of Records of Accidents
and/or Occupational Illnesses (Rule 1050)

O ccupational Health Services (Rule 1960)

R egistration of business (Rule 1020)

T raining and Accreditation of Personnel in OSH

(Rule 1030)

H ealth & Safety Committee (Rule 1040)

Exercise: Usapang Safety
 As occupational health physicians, how do you…
1. contribute to the “control of hazards in the
workplace”?
2. Encourage the management to support control
measures that you proposed?

 Share your thoughts!

Organization and
Administration of Safety
and Health Program
Engr. Eduardo E. Dela Cruz
Accredited OSH Consultant
Session Objective:
At the end of the session, the participants will be able to:

• Identify the elements of the DOLE prescribed OSH program;

and
• Explain the roles, commitment and participation of various
levels of the organization in implementing the OSH program.
 A safety and health program is a systematic
plan to IDENTIFY and CONTROL hazards and
respond to EMERGENCIES.
Safety
Program

It lays out RESPONSIBILITIES, RESOURCES, and

PROCEDURES for keeping the workplace safety and
healthy.
Role of Management in OSH Programming

Effective safety program can be

achieved basically through
control of people’s actions. Only
top management has the
authority to implement such
controls.
 MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT S & H Policy
S & H Program
ORGANIZATION S & H Committee

HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
Accident Report / Medical Records / Safety Inspection / MSDS / JHA/WEM/HIRAC
HAZARD CONTROL
Unsafe Condition Unsafe Acts
Engineering Control Administrative Controls
• Machine Safeguards Education Visual Awareness
• Substitution • Safety Orientation • Posters
• Isolation • Job Instruction • Signs
• Ventilation • Bulletin Board
Administrative Control Short Meetings
• Good Housekeeping (5S) • Toolbox Meeting Motivation
• Preventive Maintenance Positive Reinforcement
• Job Rotation • Awards Recognition
PPE Negative Reinforcement
• Discipline

MONITORING
Safety Inspection / Accident Investigation
EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS
Fire / Chemical Spill / Typhoon / Flood, etc.
PROGRAM EVALUATION
Review and Adjust
Monitor performance:
• Compare current performance with previous
performance (benchmark)
• Compare current performance with targets
Make necessary changes to improve the safety
program
• Continue successes
• Change failures.
DOLE-prescribed OSH
Program template
Company
Profile
Basic
Components
of Company
OSH Program
and Policy
Company
Commitment
Conduct of Risk
Assessment
 RISK ANALYSIS

** Non-conformance to OSH Standards/Laws are considered

Intolerable Risks
Hierarchy Of Control Measure
ENGINEERING CONTROL
(equipment, materials, environment)
Elimination
Substitution
Isolation

ADMINISTRATIVE
CONTROL
(procedures, exposure)

PPE
(last line of
defense)
Medical
Surveillance
-
Health
Programs
OSH Committee
Safety Officer(s)
Emergency OH
Personnel and
Facilities
-
Safety and
Health
Promotion
Conduct of Tool
Box Meetings /
Safety Meetings
-
Accident /
Incident / Injury /
Investigation
PPE Provision &
Use
-
Safety Signage
-
Dust Control &
Mgt.
-
Workers Facilities
Emergency & Disaster
Preparedness
-
Solid Waste Mgt.
-
Reportorial Govt.
Requirements
-
Control & Mgt. of
Hazards
-
Prohibited Acts and
Penalties/Sanctions
for OSH Violations
OSH Program
Cost of
Implementation
Workplace
Policy and
Program
Company
Commitment
Key Learning Points
Let’s emphasize these:
• OSH program must be tailor fitted to the
need/situationer of the company
• OSH program must be written, approved, signed
by employers, information is disseminated to all
members of the agency
• Periodically evaluated, copy of updated OSH
program submitted to DOLE.
• Resources should be allotted for the
implementation of the agency’s OSH program.
• OSH program is a product of teamwork.
 ayOSH!
Maraming Salamat po 