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Mathematics Project Relations and Functions

The document is a Mathematics project for Class 12 on the topic of Relations and Functions, detailing their definitions, examples, and types. It explains the concepts of relations as subsets of Cartesian products and functions as specific relations with unique mappings. The project concludes by emphasizing the importance of these concepts in advanced mathematics and various real-world applications.

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139 views7 pages

Mathematics Project Relations and Functions

The document is a Mathematics project for Class 12 on the topic of Relations and Functions, detailing their definitions, examples, and types. It explains the concepts of relations as subsets of Cartesian products and functions as specific relations with unique mappings. The project concludes by emphasizing the importance of these concepts in advanced mathematics and various real-world applications.

Uploaded by

azmpraveen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

■ Mathematics Project on Relations and Functions

Class: 12
Subject: Mathematics
Topic: Relations and Functions
Submitted By: [Your Name]
Roll Number: [Your Roll No.]
School Name: [Your School Name]
Session: 2024–2025
■ Certificate

This is to certify that [Your Name], a student of Class 12, has successfully completed the
Mathematics project titled “Relations and Functions” under the guidance of [Teacher’s
Name] for the academic session 2024–2025.

_________________________
Teacher’s Signature
■ Introduction
Relations and functions are fundamental concepts in mathematics that describe the
association between elements of sets. A relation shows a connection between two sets,
while a function is a special type of relation where each element of the domain has exactly
one image in the codomain. These concepts are widely applied in algebra, geometry,
calculus, and even real-life problem-solving.
■ Relations
A relation R from set A to set B is a subset of the Cartesian product A × B. It represents
how elements of one set are associated with elements of another set.

Example 1 Let A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {x, y}. A relation R can be {(1, x), (2, y)}.
Example 2 Relation ‘is less than’ from A = {1, 2, 3} to B = {2, 3} is R = {(1,2), (1,3), (2,3)}.
■ Functions
A function f from set A to set B is a relation in which every element of set A (domain) is
associated with exactly one element of set B (codomain).

Example 1 f(x) = x² where x ∈ {1, 2, 3}. Then f = {(1,1), (2,4), (3,9)}.


Example 2 f(x) = 2x + 1, Domain = {1, 2, 3}, Codomain = {3, 5, 7}.
■ Types of Functions
Functions can be classified into various types: 1. **One-One Function (Injective):** Each
element of the domain maps to a unique element of the codomain. 2. **Onto Function
(Surjective):** Every element of the codomain has a pre-image in the domain. 3.
**One-One Onto (Bijective):** Both one-one and onto, creating a perfect pairing. 4.
**Many-One Function:** More than one element of the domain maps to the same element
of the codomain.

One-One f(x) = x + 1, Domain = {1,2,3}, Codomain = {2,3,4}.


Onto f(x) = x², Domain = {1,2,3}, Codomain = {1,4,9}.
Many-One f(x) = x², Domain = {-2,-1,1,2}, Codomain = {1,4}.
■ Conclusion
Relations and functions form the foundation of advanced mathematics. They help in
understanding mappings, data organization, algebraic structures, and real-world
applications such as computer science, economics, and engineering.

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