FUNCTIONS and RELATIONS (Discussion)

FUNCTIONS
AND6.53RELATIONS
HENRY A. ARENA
Math 8 Teacher
FUNCTIONS and RELATIONS
VOCABULARY REVIEW:
 Element (of a set) – the individual members of a set
 Mapping – pairing of two distinct elements from each
related sets
 Ordered pair - is a pair formed by two elements that
are in order, separated by a comma and written inside
the parentheses.
 Relate/Relation – to connect/connection between
elements of two sets
2
OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, the learners are expected to:
- Illustrate a relation and a function (M8AL-IIc-1)
Specific Objectives:
• Define and identify a relation and a function
• Represent a relation through four ways:
(a) Table of values;
(b) Mapping diagram;
(c) Graph;
(d) Rule/Equation
• Determine if the correspondence between two sets of values
are one-to-one, many-to-one or one-to-many
3
DEFINITION:
FUNCTION AND RELATION
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WHAT IS A RELATION?
A relation is any set of ordered pairs.
→ The set of all the first coordinates is called the domain of the
relation.
→ The set of all the second coordinates is called the range.
5
RELATION:
CLASSIFICATIONS
A relation can be classified into:

→ One-to-one - if every element in the domain is mapped to a unique element
in the range.
→ Many-to-one - if two or more elements in the domain is mapped to only
one element in the range.
→ One-to-many - if each element in the domain is mapped to any two or more
elements in the range.
→ Many-to-many - the combination of many-to-one and one-to-many
relations.
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CORRESPONDENCE
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CORRESPONDENCES IN A RELATION
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9
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RELATION: EXAMPLES
• The following set of ordered pairs are composed of heights (in
meters) and weights (in kilograms) of five boys in Grade 8 -
Fides class:
QUESTION: What is the domain and range?

ANSWERS: Domain:
Range:
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RELATION: EXAMPLES
Fides class:
QUESTION: What type of relation does this set have?

ANSWER: A many-to-one relation/correspondence
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DEFINITION:
13
WHAT IS A FUNCTION?
A function is a special type of relation in which for every first

element x in the domain, there is exactly one second element y in
the range.
→Furthermore, a set of ordered pairs is a function if no two

ordered pairs have equal abscissas (first coordinates).
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FUNCTION: EXAMPLES
Fides class:
QUESTION: What is the domain and range?

ANSWERS: Domain:
Range:
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FUNCTION: EXAMPLES
Fides class:
QUESTION: What type of relation does this set have?

ANSWER: A one-to-one relation/correspondence
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RELATION OR FUNCTION
• If the relation shows one-to-one correspondence, it
is a FUNCTION.
• If the relation has many-to-one correspondence,
then it is also a FUNCTION.
• If the relation has one-to-many correspondence,
then it is NOT A FUNCTION.
• If the relation has many-to-many correspondence,
then it is NOT A FUNCTION.
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NOTE:
• Those who did not meet the criteria of being a
function is a mere relation.
• All functions are relations but NOT ALL
relations are functions.
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REPRESENTATION:
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REPRESENTATION -
TABLE OF VALUES
→A relation of two quantities or variables can be represented in a

table of values. The table describes clearly the behavior of the
value of y as the value of x changes.
→A table of values can be presented either horizontally or
vertically.
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EXAMPLE:
TABLE OF VALUES
Let’s consider this scenario.
Mr. Reyes is a dealer of poultry eggs. He sells them at for medium-sized eggs.
X (No. of Trays) 1 2 3 4 5
Y (Cost Per 210 420 630 840 1,050
Tray)
The sets of x and y values are

presented in a horizontal table
(above) and a vertical table (at the
left).
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REPRESENTATION –
MAPPING DIAGRAM
→Subsequently, a relation of two quantities or variables can be

represented in a mapping diagram.
→In mapping diagrams, the arrows that connect elements of the

two sets are said to be the correspondence of the elements.
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EXAMPLE:
MAPPING DIAGRAM
Beverly is cleaning the house. Her task is to sort out the things that are found in each room and
put them back to their proper places.
Set A
(Objects in a room)
Set B
(Rooms in the house)
The sets of x (objects in a
Cup Kitchen room) and y (rooms in
Pillows the house) are mapped to
Toiletries Comfort Room
Blankets one another based on
Plate
Bedsheet Bedroom their relation.
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REPRESENTATION –
GRAPH
→A relation of two quantities or variables can be illustrated in a

graph.
→In graphs, the x-values are represented in the horizontal axis and
the y-values are represented in the vertical axis.
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EXAMPLE:
GRAPH
Beside is the graphical

representation of the
relationship described above.
It illustrates the relationship
between the total cost (y) and
the number of trays (x) of
eggs.
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REPRESENTATION – RULE
OR EQUATION
→A relation (function) may be represented by an equation which

is also called a function rule.
→A function rule is written with two variables x and y and is

commonly denoted by which is read as “the function of x” or “f of
x”.
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EXAMPLE:
RULE OR EQUATION
210 Given the cost per tray of

210 eggs, and assigning values
210 for the number of trays,
210 then we can generate a
rule or equation that will
Then, is the rule that represents the given represent the relation.
relation. 27
REAL-LIFE APPLICATION OF
RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
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APPLICATION:
The rule/criteria in determining or classifying relations in terms of
correspondence is also applicable in real-life situations.

• The relationship between a child and a biological mother/father is considered to be a one-to-
one relation.
Thus, it is a function.
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APPLICATION:
The rule/criteria in determining or classifying relations in terms of
correspondence is also applicable in real-life situations.

• The relationship between a person and his friend/s is considered to be a one-to-many relation.
Thus, it is a mere relation.
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SUMMARY:
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SUMMARY
RELATIONS
Represented through
• Table of Values;
• Mapping Diagram; FUNCTION OR NOT?
• Graph; YES NO
• Rule/Equation
MERE
FUNCTION
RELATION
An element from the
domain is uniquely paired UNIQUE PAIR OR NOT?
to one element in the YES NO
range.
ONE-TO-ONE MANY-TO-ONE ONE-TO-MANY MANY-TO-MANY
CORRESPONDENCE CORRESPONDENCE CORRESPONDENCE CORRESPONDENCE
32

FUNCTIONS and RELATIONS (Discussion)

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FUNCTIONS and RELATIONS (Discussion)

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FUNCTIONS

A relation is any set of ordered pairs.

A relation can be classified into:

QUESTION: What is the domain and range?

QUESTION: What type of relation does this set have?

A function is a special type of relation in which for every first

→Furthermore, a set of ordered pairs is a function if no two

QUESTION: What is the domain and range?

QUESTION: What type of relation does this set have?

→A relation of two quantities or variables can be represented in a

The sets of x and y values are

→Subsequently, a relation of two quantities or variables can be

→In mapping diagrams, the arrows that connect elements of the

→A relation of two quantities or variables can be illustrated in a

Beside is the graphical

→A relation (function) may be represented by an equation which

→A function rule is written with two variables x and y and is

210 Given the cost per tray of

Let’s consider this scenario.

Let’s consider this scenario.

Thus, it is a mere relation.

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