RELATION AND FUNCTION

WEEK 3
OBJECTIVES
 Define and illustrate a relation and a
function
 Verify if a given relation is a function
 Define domain and range
 Identify real life relationship that are
examples of function and of relation
Describe the location of each point below by completing the
following table.
OBJECTS COORDINATES QUADRANT/
AXIS
Heart (1, 2) I
cellphone (-3, 2) II
Face mask (2, -8) IV
laptop (8, 9) I
Group the following objects in such a way that they have common properties /characteristics.

fork pencil laptop

spoon Liquid eraser Digital camera
knife Ball pen tablet
grater notebook iPod
pot paper cellphone
SITUATION:
Suppose that your father is an engineer of a private
company. He earns Php 100 per hour and he works 7
days in a week.
Description: Given a diagram and table, you will be able to
learn how to make a set of ordered pairs.
Direction:
Describe the different ways in representing a
relation, and then write the set of ordered pairs formed
below. Solve the income of your father.
Fill in the blank with your answer.

400 500 700 900 1100 1200

Table
 400
500
700
900
1100
1200

Mapping diagram
Graph.
 Ordered pair
(2,___),(4,___),(5,___),(7,___),(9,___),(11,___
200 400 500 700 900 1100 ), (12,___
1200)

Describe the different ways you represented a relation.

How do you find the elements of the second set

How did you make a set of ordered pair?

Based on your answer, is the income related to the number of work hours?
Why?
Function and Relation

What is Relation?
A relation is a set of ordered pairs (x, y) where x is the
input and y is the output value. The domain is all possible
input values of a relation, and the range is all possible
output values of a relation.
Relation can be represented in many ways, including
as ordered pairs, in a table, as a graph, and a mapping
diagram.
Ordered Pair
Example 1

The given relation represents the number of boxes of

candy sold and the money earned.
{(1, 4), (2, 8), (3, 12), (4, 16)}
Domain: {1, 2, 3, 4}
Range: {4, 8, 12, 16}
Ordered Pair
Example 2

Relation: Input (X) = the age of the boys

Output (Y) = height in inches
{(7,41),(8,45),(9,49),(10,52),(10,53),(11,55),(12,59)}
Ways on how function and relations being represented
1. table
2. Mapping diagram
3. Graph
1. table
{(7,41),(8,45),(9,49),(10,52),(10,53),(11,55),(12,59)}
x y
7 41 The domain and range of the relation

8 45 Domain: {7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12}

9 49 Range: {41, 45, 49, 52, 53, 55, 59}
10 52
10 53
11 55
12 59
2. Mapping diagram
{(7,41),(8,45),(9,49),(10,52),(10,53),(11,55),(12,59)}
Age Height
The domain and range of
7 41 the relation
8 45
Domain: {7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12}
9 49
10 52 Range: {41, 45, 49, 52,
53, 55, 59}
11 53
12 55
59
3. Graph
{(7,41),(8,45),(9,49),(10,52),(10,53),(11,55),(12,59)}

The domain and range of the relation

Domain: {7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12}

Range: {41, 45, 49, 52, 53, 55, 59}
 A relation is allowed to have the object x in the first
set to be related to more than one object in the second
set.
So, a relation may not be represented by a function
machine, because, given the object x to the input of the
machine, the machine couldn't spit out a unique output
object that is paired to x.
Function and Relation
What is a Function?
Some relationships make sense and others don’t.
Function is a relationship that makes sense. A function is
a relation that for each input (all possible values of x),
there is only one output (all possible values of y).
Function can be represented in many ways, including
as ordered pairs, in a table, as a graph, and a mapping
diagram.
 RELATION

Function

Note: “All functions are relation, but not all relations are function”.
Function and Relation
Recognizing Function
You already know that in identifying relation as a
function, the input must be paired exactly to one element
of the output. Suppose that you think of X as a person
and Y as a place. Just as a person cannot be in more than
one place at a time, an x-value in a function cannot
correspond to more than one y-value.
 Functions
•A function is a relation in which the
members of the domain (x-values) DO
NOT repeat.
•So, for every x-value there is only one y-
value that corresponds to it.
•y-values can be repeated.
•Discrete functions consist of points that are not
connected.
•Continuous functions can be graphed with a
line or smooth curve and contain an infinite
number of points.
 Recognizing Function
Example 1
The given relation represents the amount of gas in gallons
and the distance travelled in miles from the amount of gas.
Table Graph Mapping diagram

Domain: {10, 16, 17, 20} The domain represents: the different amount of gas
Range: {150, 240, 300} The range represents: the distance travelled
 Recognizing Function
Example 1: The given relation represents the amount of gas in gallons and the
distance travelled in miles from the amount of gas.
Table Graph Mapping diagram

Domain: {10, 16, 17, 20} The domain represents: the different amount of gas
Range: {150, 240, 300} The range represents: the distance travelled
For an input of 10 gallons of gas, there is an output of 150 miles.
For an input of 16 gallons of gas, there is an output of 240 miles.
For an input of 17 gallons of gas, there is an output of 240 miles.
For an input of 20 gallons of gas, there is an output of 300 miles.
This relation is a function, because each domain is paired with exactly one range value.
Example 2
The table represents a sample of ages of people and their shoe size.

Is a relation a function or not a function?

This relation is not a function, because
age 15 corresponds to two different shoe
sizes, 10 and 10.5.

Domain: {11, 12, 13, 15, 16} ages

Range: {7, 8, 10, 10.5, 11} shoe sizes
Example 3
Ordered pairs
{ (1,2), (5,2),(5,4),(7,6),(11,6),(11,8)}
Domain: {1, 5, 7, 11}
Range: {2, 4, 6, 8}
Is a relation a function or not a function? Why?
The relation is not a function. The
domain value 5 is paired with both 2 and
4. The domain value 11 is paired with
both 6 and 8.
 A function f from set A to set B is a rule of
A function f from set A to set B is a rule of correspondence that assigns
correspondence that assigns to each element x in
to each element x in the set A exactly one element y in the set B.
the set A exactly one element y in the set B.

1 2
2 4
3 6
4 8
1
5
0
Set A is the Set B is the
This is a domain range
function ---it
Must use all the x’s
meets our
conditions The x value can only be assigned to one y
 Let’s look at another relation and decide if it is a function.
The second condition says each x can have only one y, but it
CAN be the same y as another x gets assigned to.
1 2
2 4
3 6
4 8
5 1
0
This is a Set A is the Set B is the
function ---it domain range
meets our Must use all the x’s
conditions The x value can only be assigned to one y
 Check this relation out to determine if it is a function.

3 didn’t get assigned to anything

1 2
2 4
3 6
4 8
This is not 5 1
a function-- 0
-it doesn’t Set A is the
Set B is the
assign domain
range
each x Must use all the x’s
with a y The x value can only be assigned to one y
VERTICAL LINE TEST
A test, called the vertical line test, can be used
to determine if a relation is a function. The vertical
line test states that a relation is a function if a
vertical line does not pass through more than one
point on the graph of the relation.
 If a vertical line is passed over the
graph and it intersects the graph in
exactly one point, the graph represents a
function.
The vertical line test is used to
determine if a graph is a function.
Vertical Line Test: if every vertical line you can draw goes
through only 1 point, then the relation is a function.

Graph
ACTVITY
If a vertical line passes through a graph more than once, the
graph is not the graph of a function.
Hint:
Pass a pencil across the
graph held vertically to
represent a vertical line.

The pencil crosses the graph

more than once. This is not a
function because there are
two y-values for the same x-
value.
Function
 Not a
Function
Function
 Not a
Function
Function
 Not a
Function
Does the graph represent a function? Name the
domain and range.

Yes
x
D: all reals
y
R: all reals

Yes
x
D: all reals
y R: y ≥ -6
Does the graph represent a function? Name the
domain and range.
No
x D: x ≥ 1/2
R: all reals
y

No
x
D: all reals
y
R: all reals
Does the graph represent a function? Name the
domain and range.

Yes
x

D: all reals
y
R: y ≥ -6

No
x
D: x = 2
y
R: all reals