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Mathematics
Quarter 2, Week 3 – Module 5
Illustrating a Relation and a
Function – M8AL-IIc-1
Mathematics – Grade 8
Quarter 2 – Module 5: Illustrating a Relation and a Function

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Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad

Assistant Regional Director: Jessie L. Amin

Development Team of the Module

Writer: MARIA ELVIRA R. ESTEVEZ – TNHS

Editors: NERISSA A. MORTEGA, HT III – San Lorenzo NHS

EFLEDA C. DOLZ – MT I, TNHS
HILDA J. CARLET – T III, TNHS
DIOLETA B. BORAIS – EPS, Tabaco City

Reviewers: DIOLETA B. BORAIS – EPS, Tabaco City

LILLI ANN HERMOGENES – EPS, Ligao City
LLOYD BOTOR – EPS, RO V

Layout Artist: MARISOL B. BOSEO – TNHS

ILLUSTRATING A RELATION AND A FUNCTION

I. Introduction:

In real life and in algebra, different variables are often linked.

When variables change together, their interaction is called a
relation. When one variable determines the exact value of a
second variable their relation is called a function.

This module will teach you how to illustrate a relation

and a function.

II. Objective:

At the end of this module, you must be able to illustrate

relation and function.

III. Vocabulary List:

Function - is a relation for which each value from the set the first
components of the ordered pairs is associated with exactly one
value from the set of second components of the ordered pair.

Relation - defines the relationship between sets of values of

ordered pairs

IV. Pre-Test:

Let us check your knowledge on relation and function. Read

carefully and be able to answer the following questions.

1. What is the relation of the following set of things?

fork, ladle, knife, grater, pot

a. gadgets c. toys
b. school supplies d. kitchen utensils
2. Which of the following most describes a function?
a. every 𝑥-value must be associated to only one 𝑦-value
b. every 𝑥-value has two 𝑦-values
c. every 𝑥-value does not have a unique 𝑦-value
d. every 𝑥-value is paired to repeated 𝑦-value

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 3. What is being described of the statement “a set of ordered
pairs”?
a. Equation b. function c. relation d. set

4. Which of the following are ways in representing a relation?

i. Mapping diagram
ii. Rule
iii. Table of values
iv. Graphing

a. i and ii only c. i, ii and iii only

b. iii and iv only d. i, ii, iii, and iv

5. Which of the following do not show a relation?

a. a c. a d
d
b b d

b. a d. a d
d
b b c

V. Learning Activities:

You and your father harvested your farm’s

produce. You have kept all the fruits and vegetables in
one sack since you have forgotten to bring two sacks.
Upon arriving home, your father told you to separate the
fruits, vegetables and root crops. Below are the yields
which you and your father were able to get.
mango, cabbage, sweet potato, banana
Guava, cassava and petchay
You have separated the yields in the manner below:
Vegetables: cabbage, petchay
Fruits: mango, banana,guava
Root Crops: cassava, sweet potato

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 In the previous lessons, you have learned the concept on ordered
pairs written as(𝑥, 𝑦).

Let us try to write your answers as ordered pairs.

( cabbage , vegetable ), ( mango , fruit ),

( sweet potato , root crop ), ( petchay , vegetable ),
( banana , fruit ), ( guava , fruit ), ( cassava , root crop)

This ordered pairs show a relation. Do you think there are

still ways to represent a relation?
CORRECT!!! Let’s have the following methods.

Aside from set notation, there are other ways to represent a given
relation.

Consider the relation { (𝟏, 𝟐), (𝟑, 𝟒), (𝟓, 𝟔), (𝟕, 𝟖) }

WAYS TO REPRESENT A RELATION AND A FUNCTION

a. Mapping Diagram

𝑦 This shows how the elements are paired. It consists

𝑥
of two columns. The first one contains the 𝑥-values
while the second one contains the 𝑦-values. Arrows are
1 2 used to show the relation of the two.
3 4 The diagram will be read as;
One is mapped to two or one corresponds to two
5 6 Three is mapped to four or three corresponds to four
Five is mapped to six or five corresponds to six
7 8
Seven is mapped to eight or seven corresponds to
eight

b. Table of Values

𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 1 3 5 7

1 2 𝑦 2 4 6 8

3 4 The table describes clearly the behavior of the

value of 𝑦 as the value of 𝑥 changes.
5 6
This can be drawn horizontally or
7 8 vertically.

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 c. Graph

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The graph of a relation is the set
of all points whose coordinates
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(𝑥, 𝑦) satisfy 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥).
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This means that for each 𝑥-value
there is a corresponding 𝑦-value.
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1 3 5 7

d. Rule or Equation

y = x +1 This method is a mathematical

or statement describing the relation of the
x = y −1 𝑥-values and 𝑦-values.
You can write it in terms of 𝑥 or in terms
of 𝑦.

Let’s have more examples!!!

Example 1: Consider the set of ordered pairs and represent it into

different ways.
{(𝟎, 𝟔), (𝟏, 𝟓), (𝟐, 𝟒), (𝟑, 𝟑), (𝟒, 𝟐)}

a. Table of values b. Mapping diagram

𝑥 𝑦
𝑥 0 1 2 3 4
𝑦 6 5 4 3 2
0 6
c. Rule or equation 1 5
2 4
x+ y =6 3 3
4 2
x = 6 − y or y = − x + 6

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 d. graph

Example 2: Given the graph, show the relation as; a. mapping

diagram, b. table of values and c. set of ordered pairs

a. 𝑥 𝑦

-5 -3

-3 3

-2 5

-1 3

b. 𝑥 −5 −3 −2 −1
𝑦 −3 3 5 3

c. {(−5, −3), (−3,3), (−2,5), (−1,3)}

Example 3: Illustrate the relation describe by the rule x = y + 2

using table of values, set of ordered pairs and
mapping diagram.

a. Assign values of 𝑦. 𝑥
Substitute it to the given 𝑦 −𝟐 −𝟏 𝟎 𝟏
rule to determine the 𝑥-
value. x = y+2 −2 + 2 = 0
−1 + 2 = 1
0 + 2 = 2
5
1 + 2 = 3
Then, complete the table of values…

𝑥 𝟎 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑
𝑦 −2 −1 0 1
b. Write the ordered pairs in a set. You can refer from the table
you made.
{(0, −2), (1, −1), (2,0), (3,1)}

c. Draw the mapping diagram by grouping the 𝑥 values and 𝑦

values and put arrows to the correct pairing of 𝑥 and 𝑦 values
from the ordered pairs.
𝑥 𝑦

0 -2

1 -1

2 0

3 1

VI. Practice Exercises:

Now you have learned the different

ways to represent a relation. Now, can
you do it on your own? Great!!! Let’s
start.

Practice Task 1:
Given the relation below, represent each using four other methods.

A.
1. Set of ordered pairs
2. Table of values
3. Mapping diagram
4. Rule

A.

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B. 1. Set of ordered pairs
𝒙 −𝟐 −𝟑 −𝟒 −𝟓 −𝟔 B.Mapping diagram
2.
𝒚 𝟐 𝟑 𝟒 𝟓 𝟔 3. Graph
4. Rule

Practice Task 2:
Complete the table below by representing the relation described
by each set of ordered pairs.

Given {(−𝟐, 𝟒), (−𝟏, 𝟏), (𝟐, 𝟒), (𝟑, 𝟗)} {(𝟏𝟎, 𝟓), (𝟖, 𝟒), (𝟔, 𝟑), (𝟒, 𝟐)} {(−𝟑, −𝟏), (−𝟏, 𝟎), (𝟏, 𝟏)}

Table of
Values

Mappin
g
Diagram

Graph

x = 2 y − 1 or
Rule x +1
y=
2

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 Practice Task 3:
Illustrate the relation described by the set of ordered pair below.

{(𝟐, −𝟑), (𝟑, −𝟐), (𝟒, −𝟏), (𝟓, 𝟎), (𝟔, 𝟏), (𝟕, 𝟐), (𝟖, 𝟑)}

1. Table of Values 3. Rule

2. Graph 4. Mapping Diagram

VII. Post Test:

Use the concepts on how to illustrate relation and function to answer
the following questions.
1. What do you call the mathematical sentence used as a method
in representing a relation?
a. rule b. ordered pairs c. table of values d. graph
2. Which of the following shows the correct mapping diagram of
the relation described by the table of values?

𝑥 1 2 3
𝑦 3 2 1

a. 1 1 c. 1 1

2 2 2 2

3 3 3 3

1 1 1
b. 1 d.
2 2 2 2

3 3 3 3

3. Which of the following is not a method in representing a

relation?
a. table of values b. graph c. paragraph d. rule
4. Which of the following table of values best describe the relation
𝑦= 𝑥?
a. c.
𝑥 1 2 3 4 𝑥 1 2 3 4
𝑦 1 2 3 4 𝑦 4 3 2 1

b. d.

𝑥 1 2 3 4 𝑥 2 1 4 3
𝑦 2 1 4 3 𝑦 1 2 3 4

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 5. What is the value of y that will complete the relation
described by the table of values?

𝑥 4 3 2 −4 −3
𝑦 16 9 4 ? 9

a. 16 b. -16 c. 4 d. -4

Assignment:

Write set of ordered pairs illustrated in the mapping diagram.

𝑥 𝑦

narra
Flower
tulip

orchid

mahogany
tree
rose

apricot

Answer key:

Pre - Test
1. D 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. B

Practice Task 1-A

1. {(−1,3), (0,2), (1,1), (2,0), (3, −1), (4, −2)}
2.

𝑥 −1 0 1 2 3 4
𝑦 3 2 1 0 −1 −2

3. −1 3 4. 𝑦 = −𝑥 + 2 or
0 2
𝑥+𝑦 =2
1 1
2 0
3 −1
4 −2
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 Practice Task 1-B
1. { (−2,2), (−3,3), (−4,4), (−5,5), (−6,6) }
𝑥 𝑦
2.
-2 2

-3 3

-4 4

-5 5

-6 6

3.
3.

4. 𝑥 = −𝑦 or 𝑦 = −𝑥 or 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0

Practice Task 2:

Given {(−𝟐, 𝟒), (−𝟏, 𝟏), (𝟐, 𝟒), (𝟑, 𝟗)} {(𝟏𝟎, 𝟓), (𝟖, 𝟒), (𝟔, 𝟑), (𝟒, 𝟐)} {(−𝟑, −𝟏), (−𝟏, 𝟎), (𝟏, 𝟏)}

Table of
Values

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 10 5
-3 -1
8 4
Mapping -1 0
Diagram 6 3
1 1
4 2

Graph

x = 2 y − 1 or
𝑥 2 = 𝑦 or 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 = 0 or
Rule 𝑥 = 2𝑦 or 𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 0 x +1
𝑥 = √𝑦 y=
2

Practice Task 3:
1.
𝑥 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

𝑦 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3
2.

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 3. 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 5 or 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 5

4. 2 −3
3 −2
4 −1
5 0
6 1
7 2
8 3

Post - Test
1. A 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. A

Assignment

{ (𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑎, 𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑒), (𝑚𝑎ℎ𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑛𝑦, 𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑒), (𝑡𝑢𝑙𝑖𝑝, 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟), (𝑜𝑟𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑑, 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟), (𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑒, 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟)}

References:

Abuzo, E. P. (2016). Mathematics Learner's Module. Department of Education -

Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR) (p. 138-145).
Daily Lesson Plan in Mathematics – Illustrates a Relation and a Function (M8AL-
IIc-1). (2019) (p. 35-38).
Mathematics Learner's Material for Open High School Program. (n.d.) (p. 60-63).
Department of Education.
Project Ease (Effective Alternative Secondary Education) Mathematics IV -
Module 1: Functions. (2010) (p. 1-13). Pasig City: Bureau of Secondary
Education, Department of Education.

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