Sunscreen

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Clinical Practice Guideline for Sunscreen

Infrared (>760 nm), Visible light (400-760 nm), UVA1 (340-400 nm), UVA2 (320-340 nm),
UVB (290-320 nm) 1(1) () UVC ozone
ozone UV



UVA UVB 1(2)()


UV

UVA 320-400 nm UVA1 (340-400 nm)

UVA2 (320-340 nm)
UVB 290-320 nm
Sunburn protection factor(SPF)
UVB () SPF 4 2
UVA protection factor (UVA-PF/PA)
UVA ()
Water resistant very water resistant
()

Photostability UV

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 ( 3 )(2)
1.
1.1
1.2
2.
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.

1. Organic sunscreen (Chemical sunscreen)
carbonyl group ortho para UV
15 UVB
UVA (1)(2)
UVA UVA UVB
3-4
UVA UVB 4()(2)
2. Inorganic sunscreen (Physical sunscreen)
UV
particle visible light UVB UVA

(3) 6
titanium dioxide(TiO2) Zinc oxide (ZnO)
particle (micronized form)
particle particle UV
organic sunscreen UVB (4)
visible light microfine zinc oxide microfine titanium dioxide
3. Tanning sunscreen
dihydroxyacetone (DHA)
3-carbon ketoscreen amine group stratum corneum
UV UV SPF

83

5-13 DHA(5)
6-10 3-7
tanning sunscreen DHA
lotion spray
(Photostability)
Photostability UV
UV
25 UV
()

1.
2 /
1
2
(16,17)
2. 15
organic sunscreen 2

3.
2
4.

1. Allergic contact dermatitis (18)

2. Irritant contact dermatitis (18)
3. Photoallergic contact dermatitis(19, 20)
4. Acne and Milia (21)
5. Vitamin D deficiency

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Algorithm for sunscreens

Non-photosensitivity

- SPF <15
- PA + - +++
- SPF/UVA-PF<3

- SPF > 15
- PA ++ - +++
- SPF/UVA-PF<3
- Water resistant
- 2

photosensitivity

UVA sensitive

UVB sensitive

Physical photoprotection

- SPF>30
- PA+++
- SPF/UVA-PF <3
- Water resistant

85

Visible light
sensitive

- Physical photoprotection


1 (1)

1 (2)

ACTION SPECTUM OF PHOTODAMAGE

Effect
Spectrum of light
Source of data
UVB
UVA
Visible
Sunburn
++++
+
1
Photoageing
++++
++
?
3, 4
Squamous cell carcinoma
++++
+
2, 3, 4
Basal cell carcinoma
+++
?
2, 4
Cutaneous melanoma
++
+
3, 4
Photoimmune suppression ++++
++
1, 3, 4
Photosensitivity
+
+++
+
1(varies with diseases)
1 human studies; 2 epidemiologic studies; 3 animal studies; 4 in vitro studies of associated biologic
endpoints
2 SPF UVB

SPF
UVB(%)
Low
Medium
High
Highest

2 - <15
15 - <30
30 - 50
> 50

50-92
93-95
96-97
>98

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 3 photosensitive skin (2)

CLASSIFICATION AND ACTION SPECTRA OF PHOTOSENSITIVE SKIN

Disease
Spectrum of light
UVB
UVA
Visible
Polymorphous light eruption
+
++
Hydroa vacciniforme
+
++
Solar urticaria
+
++
++
Chronic actinic dermatitis
+++
++
+
Actinic prurigo
++
++
Photoallergic contact dermatitis
+++
Photoirritant contact dermatitis
+++
Photodrug reactions
+
+++
+
Porphyria
+++
Lupus erythematous
+++
++

UVB
SPF sun protection factor FDA 2007 sunburn protection
factor SPF
UVB UVA
SPF UVB 15
SPF 30 15x30 =450
= 7.5

2-3
SPF UV
24 UV
SPF = MED of skin with sunscreen
MED of skin without sunscreen
2 mg/cm2
MED = minimal erythematous dose UV
24 UV
87

 4 UV (2)

UVB
290-320
Organic absorbers
PABA derivatives
PABA(para-aminobenzoic acid)
Padimate O (octyl dimethl PABA)
Cinnamates
Octinoxate (octylmethoxycinnamate,
Parsol MCX)
Cinoxate
Salicylates
octisalate (octyl salicylate)
Homosalate (homomethyl salicylate)
Trolamine salicylate
Benzophenones
Oxybenzone (benzophenone-3)
Sulisobnzone (benzophenone-4)
Dioxybenzone (benzophenone-5)

Absorption
UVA2
UVA1
320-340
340-400

Visible
400-800

XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX

Other
Octocrylene
Ensulizole (phenylbenzimidazole-sulfonic acid)
Avobenzone(butyl methoxydibenzoyl methane,
Parsol1789)
Meradimate (menthyl anthranilate)
MexorylTM SX (terephthalylidene dicamphor
Sulfonic acid)
MexorylTM XL (drometrizone trisiloxane)*
Tinosorb M (methylene-bis-benzotriazolyl
tetramethylbutylphenol)*
Tinosorb S (bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol
Methoxyphenyl triazine)*
Inorganic blockers
Titanium dioxide**
Zinc oxide**

XX
XX

XX
XX
XX

XX

XX
XX

XX

XX

XX

XX

XX

XX

XX

XX

XX

XX
XX

XX
XX

XX
XX

* FDA-approved, ** particle,
XX

X
UV

88

X
X

 UVA
UVA
Critical wavelength(6,7), UVA/UVB ratio, Australian standard As/NZS
2604(1993), IPD (immediate pigment darkening)(8), PPD (Persistent pigment darkening)(9,10,11) , UVA
erythema(12), PPF (phototoxic protection factor)(13)
PPD in vivo Japanese Cosmetic Industry
Association (JCIA) UVA 3 5(14)
Critical wavelength, Australian standard As/NZS 2604(1993)
UVA/UVB ratio FDA 2007 UVA
4 (4-star rating system) UVA
6 (6)
PPD
UVA 24 UVA
UVA PF = PPD of skin with sunscreen
PPD of skin without sunscreen
PPD = Persistent pigmentary dose UVA
24 UVA
10 PPD-UVA PF
10 10 x10 = 100
5 UVA JCIA(14)
class
UVA protection factor
(UVA-PF)
PA+

2 - <4

PA++

4-8

PA+++

>8

89

 6 UVA FDA 2007(6)

Rating
Star
UVA-PF
No UVA
None
<2
protection
Low
*
2 to <4
Medium
**
4 to <8
High
***
8 to <12
Highest
****
>12
UVB(SPF) UVA(UVA-PF)
3

FDA USA 2
Water resistant
20 whirlpool jacuzzi
20 2 20 1 2 SPF
20 100
Very water resistant
80 20
4 180 SPF
(Photostability)
UVA BEMT Bis-Ethylhexy-loxyphenol
Methoxyphenyltriazine (Tinosorb S), DTS Dromethrizole Trisiloxane (Mexoryl XL), MBBT Methylene BisBenzotrizolyl Tetramethylbutylphenol (Tinosorb M)
avobenzone (BMDBM, Parsol l789) UVA
UVA1 avobenzone
7

90

 7 avobenzone
* FDA (15)
UVB filters
Enzacamene*
Homosalate
Octisalate
Octocrylene
UVA filter
Oxybenzone
Broad-spectrum UVB-UVA filters
Bemotrizinol*
Titanium dioxide (microfine)
Zinc oxide (microfine)
Others
Diethylhexyl 2,6-naphthalate
Diethylhexyl syringylidene malonate

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