Trng THPT Lp: Ngi son: Nhm 03 Hu, ngy.. thng..nm.. I. Mc tiu: 1.

1. Kin thc: - HS bit: + Tnh cht vt l, trng thi t nhin, iu ch ca hiro sunfua. + Tnh axit yu ca axit sunfuhiric. + Tnh cht ca cc mui sunfua. - HS hiu: + Cu to phn t, tnh kh mnh ca hiro sunfua. - HS vn dng: + Phn bit kh H2S vi cc cht kh khc bit nh: O2, H2, Cl2, + Gii thch c cc hin tng lin quan ti H2S nh: nguyn nhn gy nhim mi trng khng kh, + Gii c bi tp: tnh % th tch hoc khi lng kh H2S trong hn hp, bi tp tng hp c ni dung lin quan, 2. K nng: - HS c k nng quan st, phn tch th nghim. - Vit PTHH minh ha tnh cht ca H2S. - D on, kim tra, kt lun v tnh cht ha hc ca H2S. 3. Thi : - HS c thm nim am m i vi mn hc. - C thi cn trng khi lm vic vi kh H2S. - C thc bo v mi trng. II. Trng tm: - Cu to phn t v tnh kh ca H2S. - Tnh cht ca mui sunfua. III. Phng php: - Thuyt trnh, m thoi gi m nu vn . - Phng php trc quan. IV. Chun b: - Dng c: 1 ng nghim c nhnh, 1 ng nghim, ng dn cao su, n cn, bt la, 1 tm knh. - Ha cht: FeS, dung dch HCl 2M, dung dch Brom. - Phiu hc tp. - Bng tm tt mt s tnh cht ca mui sunfua (bng ln). V. Hot ng dy hc: 1. n nh lp: (1). 2. Kim tra bi c: (3) Cu hi: Vit PTHH biu din s bin i s oxi ha ca nguyn t lu hunh (S) theo s sau. T rt ra kt lun v tnh cht ha hc ca lu hunh. Tit:

Bi 44: Hiro sunfua

(SGK ha hc 10 nng cao).

S
p n: (1) Cu + (2) SO2 + (3) S +

+6

(1)

+4

( 2)

( 3)

( 4)

( 5)

+4

H2SO4 c H2S H2
0

4 + SO2 + H2O CuSO S + H2O

H2S

(4) H2S + O2 S + H2O 2 (5) S + O2 SO Kt lun: Lu hunh (S) va c tnh OXH va c tnh kh. 3. Bi mi: a. Vo bi : Thng 11/1950, Mexico, mt nh my Pozarica thi ra mt lng ln kh hirosunfua, mt hp cht ca lu hunh vi hiro. Ch trong vng 30 pht, cht kh cng vi sng m ca thnh ph lm cht 22 ngi v khin 320 ngi b nhim c. Vy hirosunfua c c im cu to nh th no, tnh cht l ho ra sao, n c nh hng g n cuc sng ca chng ta. Mi cc em i vo bi 44: HIROSUNFUA.
b. Tin trnh bi mi:

Hot ng Hot ng Ni dung ca gio vin ca hc sinh Hot ng 1: (4') - Nguyn t S c 2 electron c I. Cu to phn t - Yu cu hc sinh vit CTCT, xc nh thn phn lp 3p to ra 2 lin kt loi lin kt v s oxi ha ca S trong cng ha tr c cc vi 2 nguyn t Lin kt CHT S-2 phn t H2S . H. phn cc S2

Lin kt CHT phn cc H

- H2S l mt axit yu, 2 nc, c tnh kh mnh.

- Yu cu hc sinh nhn xt tnh cht ha - H2S l mt axit yu, 2 nc. hc ca H2S. - S oxi ha ca S trong H2S l -2(thp nht) nn H2S c tnh kh mnh. - Kt lun: H2S c tnh kh mnh, c tnh axit yu.

Hot ng 2: (3') - Yu cu hc sinh nghin cu SGK ri nu tnh cht vt l ca H2S. - Lu : H2S rt c, gy chng mt, nhc u, thm ch lm t vong nu ht nhiu. Do cn cn thn khi lm th nghim hay tip xc vi H2S. Hot ng 3: (5')

II. Tnh cht vt l - Kh, khng mu, mi trng thi, rt - Kh, khng mu, mi trng thi, nng hn khng c. kh. 0 - 20 C, tan l 0,38g/100g H2O. - Tan t trong nc. S= 0,38g/100g H2O ( 200 - Nng hn khng kh (d 1,17) - Rt c. 0 0 0 0 - t s = -60 C, t nc = -86 C. III. Tnh cht ha hc 1. Tnh axit yu: - l axit rt yu (yu hn H2CO3).

- Kh hidrosunfua tan trong nc to dung dch axit yu gi l axit sunfuhidric. Axit ny yu hn axit cacbonic (H2CO3). - H2S l mt axit 2 nc, vy khi cho H2S tc dng vi dung dch NaOH s to ra - C th to ra 2 loi mui l mui nhng mui no? trung ha v mui axit.

H2S + NaOH NaHS + H2O H2S + NaOH Na2S + H2O

- Vit PTP. - H2S + NaOH NaHS + H2O - Yu cu hc sinh nhn xt khi no to H2S + NaOH Na2S + H2O mui trung ha, mui axit, hn hp mui. - Xt t l s mol:
T = nNaOH nH 2S

- Xt t l:
T= nNaOH nH 2 S

+ T 1: to mui axit. + 1 < T < 2: to hn hp 2 mui. - Bi tp: Cho 0,1 mol kh H2S tc dng + T 2: to mui trung ha. vi 150ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Xc nh Gii: thnh phn mui thu c. - nNaOH = 0,15.1 = 0,15 (mol). p n: T=1,5 to hn hp hai mui. n
T=
NaOH

+ T 1: to mui axit. + 1 < T < 2: to hn hp 2 mui. + T 2: to mui trung ha. Gii: - nNaOH = 0,15.1 = 0,15 (mol).
T= nNaOH 0,15 = = 1,5 nH 2 S 0,1

1<T<2 to hn hp mui NaHS v Na2S.

nH 2 S

0,15 = 1,5 0,1

1<T<2 to hn hp mui NaHS v Na2S.

Hot ng 4: (15) 2. Tnh kh mnh - TNBD: iu ch H2S, cho H2S tc dng a.Tc dng vi oxi vi O2 (thiu v oxi). -2 0 to +4 + Chy trong khng kh ( oxi). 2H2S + 3O2(d) 2SO2 + 2H2O + t trn ngn la mt tm knh(thiu oxi) 2H2S + O2(thiu) 2S + 2H2O Yu cu hc sinh quan st, nhn xt, vit - Chy trong khng kh cho ngn la ptp . mu xanh nht :
-2

to

+4

2H2S + 3O2(d) 2SO2 + 2H2O + Trn tm knh c mt lp bt mu

vng d on l S. - Ti sao trong t nhin c rt nhiu - Do H2S b oxi trong khng kh oxi ngun sinh ra H2S nhng chng ta li ha chm to thnh S mu vng: 2H2S + O2(thiu) 2S + 2H2O khng b nhim c. - Clo c th oxi ha H2S thnh H2SO4 Yu cu hc sinh vit ptp.
-2 0 +6

b.Tc dng vi Cl2

-2 0 +6

H2S + 4Cl2 + 4H2O H2SO4 + 8HCl

H2S + 4Cl2 + 4H2O H2SO4 + 8HCl

- B sung mt s phn ng ca H2S vi SO2, KMnO4... - Ty thuc vo iu kin phn ng - Yu cu hc sinh rt ra kt lun v tnh m H2S c th b oxi ha thnh cht ca H2S trong phn ng oxi ha kh. SO, S+4, S+6 . Kt lun - H2S c tnh axit yu v tnh kh mnh. Hot ng 5: (4') - Kh hidrosufua l ha cht gy nhim mi trng, c trong mt s nc sui, trong kh ni la, kh thot ra t cht protein b thi ra - Axit sunfuahidric trong nc sui vi nng nh c tc dng cha bnh ngoi da, thp khp. - Yu cu HS nu phng php iu ch - Nguyn tc: Mui sunfua ca kim H2S trong phng th nghim. loi (tr mui sunfua ca kim loi nng nh CuS,PbS) tc dng vi axit long.
FeS + 2 HCl FeCl2 + H 2 S

H2S + SO2 3S

+ 2H2S

2H2S + 2KMnO4 3MnO2 + 3S + 2KOH + 2H2O

Kt lun - H2S c tnh axit yu v tnh kh mnh. IV. Trng thi t nhin v iu ch 1. Trng thi t nhin (Sgk) 2. iu ch - Trong cng nghip: khng sn xut H2S - Trong phng th nghim:
FeS + 2 HCl FeCl2 + H 2 S

Hot ng 6: (4') V. Tnh cht ca mui sunfua - a ra bng tm tt tnh cht ca mt s mui sunfua. - Mu sc ca mt s mui sunfua: CdS vng; - Nu cc mui tan, khng tan trong axit, CuS,FeS,Ag2S, PbS en; HgS . trong nc. - Yu cu HS nhn xt. - Mui sunfua kim loi nhm IA, IIA(tr Be) va tan trong nc va tan trong axit long HCl, H2SO4 H2S Na2S + 2HCl NaCl + H2S

- Mui sunfua ca 1 s kim loi nng nh PbS, CuS, HgS, AgSkhng tan trong axit cng khng tc dng vi dung dch axit long - Mui sunfua nhng kim loi cn li: ZnS, FeSkhng tan trong nc nhng tc dng c vi dung dch axit long H2S ZnS + 2HCl ZnSO4 + H2S Nhn xt v mu sc ca mt s mui sunfua: CdS vng; CuS, FeS, Ag2S, PbS en; HgS .

BNG TM TT MT S TNH CHT CA MUI SUNFUA.

M2Sn Kim loi nhm IA, IIA (tr Be) ZnS FeS CdS PbS CuS Ag2S Mu sc Tan trong nc + vng en vng en en en (-) (+) Tc dng vi axit (HCl, H2SO4 long) + + + +

Khng tan Tan

Quy c:

Hot ng 7: Cng c. (6) HS tr li mt s cu hi TNKQ sau: Cu 1: Xt PTP : 2H2S + SO2 3S + 2 H2O. Pht biu no sau y l ng: A. H2S l cht oxi ha, SO2 l cht kh. B. H2S l cht kh, SO2 l cht oxi ha. C. H2S l cht kh, S l cht oxi ha. D. SO2 l cht oxi ha, S l cht kh. Cu 2: Khi ha tan mt lng nh hiro sunfua vo nc c dung dch trong sut khng mu. l thy tinh ng dung dch trong khng kh vi ngy c hin tng g xy ra: A. Khng c hin tng g. B. Dung dch vn c mu vng. C. C kt ta trng xut hin. D. Tt c u sai.

A. Cu 3: Mt HS vit cc phn ng: (1) CuS + 2 HCl CuCl2 + H2S (2) ZnS + 2 HCl ZnCl2 + H2S (3) CuS + H2SO4 CuSO4 + H2S CuSO4 + 4 SO2 + 4 H2O (4) CuS + 4 H2SO4 c Phn ng ha hc sai l: A. (1), (2) B. (3), (4) C. (1), (3) D. (2),(4) Cu 4: Cho 38,8 (g) hn hp Fe v FeS vo dung dch cha HCl d thu c 12,32 (l) kh (KTC). % khi lng ca FeS trong hn hp ban u l: A. 50,9 % B. 49,2 % C. 56,7 % D. 28,9 % P N: Cu 1 B Cu 2 B Cu 3 C Cu 4 C

Gi tr li: Cu 4: Fe + 2 HCl a (mol) FeS + 2 HCl b (mol)

FeCl2 + FeCl2

H2 a (mol) + H2S b (mol)

56a + 88b = 38,8 a + b = 0,55

a = 0,3 (mol ) b = 0,25

%FeS =

88.0,25 .100 = 56,7% A: C 38,8