g]kfnL–efifL e"6fgL ;|i6fsf b'O{ e]nf

uLt-;+uLt, efiff / ;flxTosf]

@)!* h'nfO{
jif{ * c+s !)(

;g\ @)!* d] @^–@& df hlh{of /fHosf] P6\nfG6fdf e]nf ePsf g]kfnL–efifL e"6fgL uLt–;+uLtsdL{x¿sf] ;+:yf
e"6\lgh cd]l/sg Do'lhs Pzf]l;o;g -afdf_ sf] g]t[Tj . tl:a/M afdf

kl5Nnf s]xL ;ftf cd]l/sfdf ;Dd]ng k'gjf{;kl5 g]kfnL afdf pkfWoIf v]d l/hfnsf
ePsf g]kfnL–efifL e"6fgLsf uLt–;+uLtsd{sf] d"Nofª\sg, cg';f/ klxnf] lbg sl/a
o; c+sdf s] s] < b'O{ ;Dd]ngdf ;dfhk|lt ;d:of, cfufdL lbgsf of]hgf * bh{g uLt–;+uLtsdL{
(What is inside ?) ;|i6fsf of]ubfgsf] ;dLIff ug]{ cflbdf s]lGb|t /Xof] . @–lbg] uDeL/ 5nkmndf h'6] eg]
k|of; ul/Psf] eof] . ;Dd]ngdf cu|h ;+uLt;fws :yfgLo;lxt @ ;oeGbf
g]kfnL–efifL e"6fgLsf b'O{ a9Lsf] ;xeflutf lyof] .
uLt–;+uLtsdL{ Psynf]df k|tfk ;'AafnfO{ ;Ddfg, uLt
;Dd]ngdf ;dfhk|lt ;|i6fsf tyf g[To;lxt Ps gofF e"6fgL–d"nsf uLt–;+uLt
;g\ @)!* d] @^–@& sf]
of]ubfgsf] ;dLIff (Review of the PnadM xl/ kf}8]nsf] ;fwsnfO{ Psynf]df Nofpg]
e"6\lgh cd]l/sg Do'lhs
creators’ contributions to commu-
nity at the two conferences of Nepali
Pzf]l;o;g -afdf_ sf] …lsg o:tf] ef] <Ú, # lel8of] tyf cd]l/sg e"6\lgh snf–
speaking Bhutanese ) hlh{ofdf ePsf] klxnf] ;fj{hlgs ul/Psf] lyof] . af“sL k[i7 @ df
 @

@)!* h'nfO{, jif{ * c+s !)(

;g\ @)!* h"g (–!) df cf]xfof]sf] l;lG;Gof6Ldf ePsf] e"6fgL ;flxTo dxf]T;j tyf ;flxTo kl/ifb\, e"6fg
;Dd]ngsf ;xefuL . tl:a/M xl/ ;'j]bL

nfO{ ;+/If0f, ;+jw{g, / ePsf] csf]{ ;Dd]ngdf cfˆgf] e"6fgL ;flxTosf] ;a}eGbf h]7f]
ljsf;sf] nIo /fv]/ ;g\ …k'gjf{;kl5 g]kfnL efiffM ;+:yf xf] . :yfkgf x'Fbf o;sf]
@)!& h"g !& df cf]xfof]sf] ;d:of / r'gf}tLÚ ljifos gfd g]kfnL efiff kl/ifb\,
l;lG;Gof6Ldf afdfsf] :yfkgf sfo{kq k|:t't ub}{ ;flxTosf/ e"6fg lyof] . ;g\ @))$ df
ePsf] xf] . uËf/fd clwsf/L nfld6f/]n] o; ;+:yfnfO{ g]kfnL ;flxTo
uLt–;+uLtsdL{n] eGg'eof] …cem} klg sl/a *% kl/ifb\, e"6fgdf ¿kfGt/0f
:yfkgfsfnsf agfPsf] tby{ k|ltzt kl/jf/ g]kfnL efiff ul/of] . o;nfO{ ;g\ @)!! df
;ldltnfO{ cfpFbf] # jif{ l;Sg jf l;sfpg] kIfdf e"6fg ;flxTo kl/ifb\sf ¿kdf
g]t[Tjsf sdfg lhDdf lbP/ b]lvPsf] 5 .Ú ¿kfGtl/t ul/of] . ;+:yfnfO{
;Dd]ngsf] la6 df/]sf lzlj/df /xFbf ;g\ !((# arfP/ Nofpg lgs} xDd]
lyP . ;ldltsf] cWoIf ljsf; dfr{ !& df :yflkt ;flxTo k/]sf] lyof] . o:t} /Iff lglDt
/fO{, pkfWoIf v]d l/hfn, kl/ifb\ e"6fgn] of] ;Dd]ng ;g\ @)!$ l8;]Da/df
;lrj nfldg tfdfË, pk–;lrj u/]sf] lyof] . …e"6fgL ;flxTo kl/ifb\n] gofF af]8{ ckm\
g/]z uf}td, sf]iffWoIf 6Lsf dxf]T;j tyf ;flxTo l8/]S6;{ / sfo{;ldlt;lxtsf]
nfld5fg], / af]8{ ;b:ox¿M kl/ifb, e"6fg ;Dd]ngÚ gfds kfPsf] lyof] . ;g\ @)!^ df
cDa/ t'Dafkf] ;'Aaf / 8Da/ of] e]nf cd]l/sfdf e"6fgL cd]l/sfdf u}/–;/sf/L ;+:yfsf
vfk'Ë x'g'x'G5 . k'g:yf{lkt ePkl5sf] a[xt\ ¿kdf btf{ ePkl5 ;+:yfn]
efiff–;flxTosdL{sf] cf}8fxf e]nf xf] . h"g (–!) sf] o; ult lnPsf] xf] .
…xfdL efiffs} sf/0f ;Dd]ngdf g]kfn, ci6«]lnof, ljleGg ljrf/ k|:t't
e"6fgaf6 nv]l6cf}+ . efiff Sofg8f, gj]{, / cd]l/sfdf sfo{qmddf jl/i6 ufos
/Iff ug{ o:tf] ;lhnf] 7fpFdf ljleGg /fHosf k|ltlglwsf] k|tfk ;'Aafn] s'g} a]nf a+ufnL
xfdLn] efiff arfpg ;S5f}+,Ú ;xeflutf lyof] . ;flxTo lj1fkg ;'Gbf cfkm"nfO{ slxn]
cf]xfof]sf] l;lG;Gof6Ldf kl/ifb\, e"6fg g]kfnL–efifL g]kfnL lj1fkg cfpnf eGg]

af“sL k[i7 # df
 #
@)!* h'nfO{, jif{ * c+s !)(

k|Zgn] ;tfpFYof] eGb} cfˆgf] k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] . sjoqL

lrgf/L arfO/fVg efiff dfof e§/fO{ cfˆgf] zf/Ll/s
arfpg'kg]{ atfpg'eof] . b'a{ntfnfO{ c6]/ ub}{ sfo{qmd
g]kfnsf] ;flxToh:t} cfP/ sljtf ;'gfpFbf
e"6fgdf g]kfnL efiff / w]/}sf z/L/df /f}+ l;l/ª\u
;flxTodf agf/;df ePsf lyP . kl5Nnf lbgdf
k9\g]sf] k|efj lyof] . …e"6fgsf] lgs} rrf{df cfPsf] …e"6fg
g]kfnL efiff–;flxlTos !(()P;\Ú lzif{ssf] uLtsf
cfGbf]ngdf agf/;sf] of]ubfgÚ ufos ljZj lzafn] olx uLt
ljifos sfo{kq k|:t't ub}{ 8f= ufP/ w]/}sf] tfnL kfpg'eof] .
nIdLgf/fo0f 9sfnn] eGg'eof], ljdf]lrt s[lt
…;g\ !(() k"j{ n]Vg] e"6fgL ;Dd]ngdf ljleGg *
n]vGt]x¿ k|fo;\ ef/tsf k':ts / b'O{ uLlt PNad
agf/;, j[Gbfjglt/sf pTkfbg ljdf]rg ul/P . sfo{qmddf
x'g\ .Ú eGg nufpg] / ;'Gg] nufpg] ;flxTo kl/ifb\ e"6fgåf/f
…e"6fgsf] g]kfnL ;flxToM ug{ ;lsG5 . ;fd"lxs ¿kdf k|sflzt k|ltlglw syf ;Ë|x
s]lx lrGtg s]lx ljr/0fÚ ug{'kg]{ klxnf] sfd xf] …;dsfnLg e"6fgL g]kfnL
gfds ;dLIff k|:t't ub}{ …cleefjs hfu/0fÚ . olb syfÚ, slj t'Da]xfË lnDa'sf]
lzjnfn bfxfnn] e"6fgsf] xfdLn] g} ug{ ;s]gf}F eg] xfdL sljtf ;Ë|x …lsgf/fsf k|ZgÚ
g]kfnL ;flxTosf] lqmof– kl5sf] lkF9Ln] t kSs} klg -sljtf ;Ë|x_, v]d
zLntfaf/] Oltxf; ug]{5}g lsgls Tof] kL8f, Tof] l/hfnsf] …w"ldn h"gÚ -sljtf
s]nfpg'ePsf] lyof] . syf clg Tof] Joyf t xfdLn] ;Ë|x_, vu]Gb| e08f/L hGt/]sf]
agf/;af6} PdP g} af]s]sf 5f}F .Ú vltj8fn] …;Demgfdf b]zÚ, cfef; l/vfd
u/]sf lvd vltj8fn] cfˆgf] gfgLx?nfO{ k9fpg @ j6f du/ …k|Zgx¿sf] kxf8Ú -sljtf
sfo{kq …xfd|f] g]kfnL efiffsf] lstfa n]v]/ k|sflzt klg ;Ë|x_ ljdf]lrt eP .
cfjZostf, ljz]iftf / ul/;Sg'ePsf] 5 . t];|f] d'n's k'gjf{;kl5
;+jb{\wgsf pkfox¿Ú df ;Dd]ngdf lvdnufot cfˆgf] efiff–;+:s[lt hf]ufO
eGg'eof], …klxnf] / e"6fgL g]kfnL ;flxTonfO{ /fVg !$ l8;]Da/ @)!$ df
rf}yf] ju{sf] ;do jf xh'/af ljsf; / k|j4g ug{df :yflkt o'jfx¿sf] ;d"x
/ gfltsf] ;do eg]/ sd;]sd pNn]vgLo of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf …dft[efiff ;+/If0f ;d"xÚ af6
xKtfsf] Pslbg eP klg e"6fgL g]kfnL cu|h k|sflzt tLg s[ltM u+uf
ufpFvfg] syf, nf]ssyf, ;flxTosdL{ nf]slht /fO{, nfld6f/]sf] …t/ËÚ -sljtf
e"6fgsf syf, ;/sf/n] l8NnL/fd cfrfo{ / lnnf ;Ë|x_, k|ltdfg l;jfsf] …d
u/]sf cTofrf/sf syf cflb lgzfnfO{ ;Ddfg tyf k|z+;f–kq af“sL k[i7 $ df
 $

@)!* h'nfO{, jif{ * c+s !)(

hodfofsf] ;GtfgÚ -sljtf 5 . olt/fhn] gofF k':tfdfem ;flxTosf/ lzjnfn bfxfnnfO{
;Ë|x_, lxdlzv/sf] …km"nsf] g]kfnL efiff arfpg] sfd kl/ifb\sf] af]8{sf] sfo{jfxs
wf/Ú -uhn ;Ë|x_ klg ;'?ªdf ;f; km]g]{ sfd h:tf] cWoIfdf rog u/]sf] 5 .
;fj{hlgs ul/P . o; ;d"xn] ePsf] atfpg'eof] . kl/ifb\ k'/fgf] eP klg
rf/ r/0fdf u/]/ * j6f cfkm";lxt lzjnfn ;+u7g a9L dxTjfsf+IfL z}nLdf
lstfa lgsfln;s]sf] 5 . bfxfnn] ;Dkfbg u/]sf] s[lt cuf8L a9]sf] b]lvG5 .
lstfa ljdf]rgsf qmddf …;dsfnLg e"6fgL g]kfnL syfÚ kl/ifb\n] :yfkgf otf sl/a
;d"xsf j}/fuL dfOnf] -s] df !^ j6f syf ;d]l6Psf] 8]9 bh{g k':ts k|sfzg,
zj l3ld/]_ n] eGg'eof], …xfdL atfpg'eof] . o;df e"6fg, d'vkq …e"6fgL sf]lknfÚ sf]
e"6fgL ;flxTo elg/x]sf 5f}+, g]kfn / o'/f]ksf] !–! syf k|sfzg ub}{ cfof] . …e"6fgL
g]kfnL n]lv/x]sf 5f}+ . e"6fgL 5g\ eg] ci6«]lnofsf ^ / sf]lknfÚ sf * cs k|sflzt
eg]sf] hf]ª\vf xf], g]kfnL cd]l/sfsf & syfsf/sf syf eP, To;kl5 o;n]
xf]Og . ca l;dfª\sg 5g\ . cfj/0f gjn vltj8fn] l8lh6fOH8 ?k kfof], e"6\lgh
gu/f}+ . /]vfª\sg gu/f}+ .Ú agfPsf 5g\ eg] e"6fgd} ln6/]h/ 86 sd . ;g\
ljdf]lrt s[ltsf s[ltsf/n] hlGdPsf k|f= 8f= uf]ljGb @))( df yflnPsf] of]
s[lts} af/]df af]n]sf lyP . e§/fO{n] o;sf] ljZn]if0ffTds j]a;fO6df @ ;o !^ ;h{ssf
sfo{qmddf zxLbx¿k|lt e"ldsf n]v]sf 5g\ . g]kfnL / c+u|]hLsf @ xhf/ #
;dlk{t dgf]h /fO{sf] …e"6fgL …k|Zgx¿sf] kxf8Úaf/] af]Nb} ;o n]v–/rgf lgsfln–
zxLbx¿nfO{ >4f~hnLÚ uLlt– /rgfsf/ cfef;n] eGg'eof], ;s]sf] 5 . kl/ifb\n] lzlj/df
PNadsf] ljdf]rg ul/Psf] …klxn] lzlj/df /xFbf a'afsf] !$ xhf/ a9LnfO{ g]kfnL efiff
lyof] . ufos /fO{sf o;cl3 hf]8 du/ efiff af]n'g\ eGg]df lzIf0fsf] sfd klg u¥of] .
tLg uLlt Pnad x'GYof] . kl/l:yltcg';f/ of] ljZj e"6fgL ;flxTo
cfO;s]sf 5g\ . cfˆgf] ;a} ablnbf] /x]5 . k'gjf{;kl5 ;+u7g -Unf]an e"6lgh
Pnadaf/] af]Nbf kl/ifb\sf] g]kfnL efiff arfpg' kg]{ ln6/]/L cu{gfOh];g_ sf]
la6 dfbf{dfb}{
;f+:s[lts ljefu k|d'v /fO{ kl/l:ylt cfPsf] 5 .Ú :yfkgf ;g\ @))( df ePsf]
zlxbx?nfO{ ;lDemP/ xf] . o;n] ;+u7g lj:tf/
ljlw dfq gxf];\
Pstfsf] k|of; cfkm"n] csf]{ k':tfnfO{ lbg] 7"nf]
eSsflgPsf lyP . g]kfnL efifL e"6fgLsf] ub}{ 7fpF7fpFdf cfwf bh{geGbf ;DklQdWo] Pp6f ;DklQ efiff
k'gjf{;sf qmddf efiff–;flxTosf nflu ce"tk"j{ a9L RofK6/ agfof] . o;sf xf] . o;sf nflu w]/} ;do,
c:6«]lnof k'u]sf /rgfsf/ dflgPsf] ;Dd]ngn] 7"nf b'O{ 7"nf ;Dd]ng / ;fgf–ltgf pmhf{ cflb s]xL klg rflx+b}g .
olt/fh chgjLsf] uLlt– ;flxlTos ;+:yf …;flxTo sfo{qmd ePsf 5g\ . #) 3/df Ps–cfk;df ukmufkm
PNad …chgjLÚ sf] klg o; kl/ifb\, e"6fgÚ / …ljZj eGbf a9L k':ts k|sfzg– ub}{df efiff csf]{ k':tfdf
sfo{qmddf ljdf]rg eof] . e"6fgL ;flxTo ;+u7gÚ aLr ;d]t u/]sf] of] ;+u7gn] g]kfnL k'U5 . cfkm"nfO{ lrgfpg]
chgjLsf Pnaddf % /rgf– PsLs/0fsf nflu sfd d"nsf ;flxlTos ;+:yf;Fu lrgf/L w]/} xf]nfg\ . t/ efiff
nfO{ & uLtdf k|:t't ul/Psf] ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . o:t} lgs6tf a9fPsf] 5 . ljz'4 alnof] lrgf/L xf] .
efiffsf c? w]/} kIf 5g\ .
efiff arfpg xfdLn] >f4
u/]h:tf] !–@ j6f sfo{qmd u/]/
k'Ub}g . ljlw k'¥ofP/ dfq
x'Gg . 3/–3/df sfd x'g'k5{ .
xfdLnfO{ Vofn} gu/]sf]
Pp6f dxFuf] of] uxgf xfdL
kl5sf k':tfnfO{ ;fb}{ uof}+
eg] xfd|f uLt, ;+uLt, efiff,
;flxTo, clg xfd|f] lrgf/L
afFRg ;S5 . ;fgf ;fgf
k|of;n] Pp6f ljzfn sfd
;kmn x'g]5 .
wGojfb
Editor : Rajesh Koirala, Advisors : Doug Hall, Sattan Acharya, Tara Acharya, Tika Acharya, and Bhagirath Khatiwada
Building Community of New Hampshire, 510 Chestnut St., Manchester, NH 03101, Email: aksharica.communication@gmail.com